Industrial Ecology of Bangalore
a visualisation case study
Guide: A project by:
Dr. B. Baral Zalak Upadhyay
Manoj Manduva
Shilpa
Definition Refers to
Industrial Ecology (IE) is an How humans use natural
interdisciplinary field that resources in the production of
focuses on the sustainable goods and services
combination of environment,
economy and technology.
omy
Econ
Humans Natural resources
Industrial Ecology
E n v ir
on m
gy
olo
nt n
e
h
T ec
Goods & Services
Approach Uses
Uses similar principles that as Ecology is used as a metaphor
natural systems, industrial due to the observation that
systems can be improved to natural systems reuse materi-
reduce their impact on the als and have a largely closed
natural environment as well loop cycling of nutrients
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Industries in Bangalore
Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation
Bangalore evolved into a manufacturing hub for heavy industries such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Hindustan
Machine Tools and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) after India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947. Within the last decade, the establish-
ment and success of high technology firms in Bangalore has led to the growth of Information Technology (IT) in India. IT firms in Bangalore employ
about 35% of India's pool of 10 lakh (1 million) IT professionals. Bangalore accounts for the highest IT-related exports in the country.
Other heavy industries in Bangalore include Bharat Electronics Limited,Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Indian Telephone Industries (ITI),
Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT) and Hindustan Motors (HM).
Bangalore is also becoming a destination for the automotive industry. Toyota has a manufacturing plant in Bangalore while Daihatsu is planning on
building a factory soon. Hindustan Motors also has a manufacturing facility in Bangalore as does Volvo Trucks.
Bangalore houses many small and medium scale industries in its Peenya industrial area that claimed to be one of the biggest in Asia 30-years ago.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Industries in Bangalore
Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation
Bangalore is called the 'Silicon Valley of India' due to the large number of information technology companies located there. Many multinational corpo-
rations, especially computer hardware and software giants, have operations in Bangalore.
Bangalore's IT industry is divided into two main "clusters" — Electronics City and Whitefield. New clusters in Bellandur and Challaghatta have
emerged in the last few years along the Outer and Inner Ring Roads and in C. V. Raman Nagar near Old Madras Road.
Electronics City, located in the southern outskirts of Bangalore, is an industrial park spread over 330 acres (1.3 km2). Electronics City was formed in
1978. 3M, Hewlett Packard and Siemens are some of Electronic City's clients. Infosys and Wipro, India's second and third largest software companies,
are headquartered in Electronics City. The Software Technology Parks of India, Bangalore (STPI) was started at Electronics City in 1991 by the Minis-
try of Information Technology. STPI Bangalore counts among the premier and oldest Internet Service Providers (ISP) in India. It was the first center to
be Internet-enabled in India. Nortel Networks is a prominent client of STPI Bangalore.
Whitefield cluster is home to the International Technology Park Bangalore. It was created as a result of a joint venture between India and Singapore in
January 1994. It is a large facility, comprising 6 buildings — Discoverer, Innovator, Creator, Explorer , Inventor and Navigator. The 7th building, be-
longing to TCS, is in the process of being built. The Export Promotion Zone(EPIP) in Whitefield provides campus facilities for SAP, iGATE, Dell, TCS,
Unisys, Delphi, Huawei, Oracle, Perot Systems. Captive centres of Tesco, Shell, Aviva, GM, Schneider Electric, GE and DaimlerChrysler are also
located in Whitefield.
The Inner Ring Road cluster near the HAL Airport in Challaghatta includes Dell, Microsoft, IBM, Yahoo, NetApp, McAfee, Bearing Point, Fidelity,
ANZ, LG, Covansys, Synergy, PSI Data, Target, Misys, Dendrite, Sasken, BPL Sanyo, OpenSilicon and Lenovo.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Industries in Bangalore
Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation
Bangalore as a base for biotechnology companies stems from Karnataka's comprehensive biotechnology policy, described by the Karnataka Vision
Group on Biotechnology. In 2003-2004, Karnataka attracted the maximum venture capital funding for biotechnology in the country - $8 million.
Biocon, headquartered in Bangalore, is the nation's leading biotechnology company and ranks 16th in the world in revenues.
Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), initiated by Biotechnology vision group, ICICI and Biocon (located at ITPL) is trying to
shape revolutionary scientists in the field.
Like the software industry which initially drew most of its workforce from the local public sector engineering industries, the biotechnology industry
had access to talent from the National Center of Biological Sciences (NCBS) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).
And Indian Biotechnology Research Organisation (IBRO) is recently under process of development to boost Biotechnology Growth in India, providing
the Advanced Research and Talent pool to India from IBRO, whose mission and vission is Research and Development in Biotechnology to make India
as a Global Leader in Biotechnology.
Other Major Biotechnology company based out of Bangalore is Advanta India.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Industries in Bangalore
Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation
Bangalore's salubrious climate is ideal for floriculture. The IT city is emerging as an international hub for cultivation and exports of cut flowers. The IT
hub of India is now busy exporting cut flowers and roses to European countries as well as to Russia, Japan and Singapore. With the growth in the cut
flower export business, the state government as well as the National Horticulture Board is now extending financial support to farmers who are keen
to start this business.
Bangalore accounts for 70% of all rose exports from India and leads in floriculture business.
Karuturi Global Limited located in Bangalore is world's largest grower of cut roses.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Industries in Bangalore
Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation
In June 1972, the Government of India set up the Space Commission and Department of Space (DOS).
India's premier space research organization, the ISRO was created under the DOS and headquartered in Bangalore. The main objective of ISRO
includes development of satellites and launch vehicles.
Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was developed and successfully launched by ISRO. Since then, the organization has successfully launched numerous
other satellites such as Bhaskara, Rohini, APPLE, and the INSAT series, and successfully deployed PSLVs and GSLVs.
ISRO also heads India's ambitious moon program.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Industries in Bangalore
Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation
Long before Bangalore was called the Silicon Valley of India, the city made its name as headquarters to some of the largest public sector heavy indus-
tries of India. The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) headquarters was based in Bangalore, and was dedicated to research and development ac-
tivities for indigenous fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force. With over 9,500 employees, it is one of the largest public sector employers in Banga-
lore.
Today, HAL manufactures, under license, various fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF) including Sukhoi 30 Flankers and Jaguars. HAL also de-
velops indigenous products for the IAF such as HAL Tejas, HAL Dhruv and HAL HF-24 Marut.
The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) is also headquartered in Bangalore and is dedicated to the development of civil aviation technologies.
Incorporated in 1960, NAL often works in conjunction with the HAL and has a staff strength of over 1,300 employees. NAL also investigates aircraft
malfeasance.
A 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) special economic zone for the aerospace industry is being setup near the upcoming Bangalore International Airport. Bangalore
is also home to large domestic airlines - Simplifly Deccan and Kingfisher Airlines.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
NE
Hindustan
Motors
Yellamma
Rampura lake
Kadugodi
lake
Industrial
Area
Sadaramangala
Industrial
EOIZ
17.5 km Area
Hoskote Industrial
15 km Area
20.5 km
18.5 km
EPIP I & II
14 km
Whitefield
Industrial
Area
700 Industries
Whitefield
lake Majorly IT industries
20.5 km
Indian Telephone Industry E
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
E
20 km
Madivala 24 km
Lake Electronic City
330 Acres of land
Bommasandra
Estd in 1978 Industrial
Majorly IT companies Area
30 km
BIOCON Hebbagodi Veerasandra
Lake 24 km Industrial Attebele
Area Industrial
Area
SE
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
W
BHEL
Kumbalgodu
Industrial
Area
HAL
Jigani
Industrial
Area
Bidadi
Industrial
Area
Harohalli
Industrial
Area
SW
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
NW
Doddabalapur
Yelahanka Industrial
Lake Area
Peenya
Industrial 20 km
Area
ISRO Hebbal Apparel
18 km Lake Park
Veeragara
BEL Lake
HMT 17 km
Industrial
Area
15 km
W
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
BOD Levels
PH Levels
PI Drugs
Ishaan Labs
14
13000 mg/lt
for antibiotics Pharmaceuticals
Solvay Pharma
Raw material: Organic compounds and water.
Waste: Water by washing of equipment and floors.
Synthesis of vitamin B12.
9
Manufacturing of antibiotics
. Bod levels of 30 to 13000 mg/lt.
500 m3 of hazardous waste every 24 hrs.
Treatment: Toxic compounds like cyanide are removed Bentley & Remington
by precipitation.
BOD levels are reduced by 95%.
Meridich Labs
50 mg/lt
for organic
compounds Bio Pharma
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
BOD Levels
PH Levels
Alkali & Chemicals
ACE
14
13000 mg/lt
for antibiotics Chemical
Alpine knits
Raw material: Organic compounds and water for cooling
and transporation of waste.
Waste: The temperature of waste water is high.
9
Toxic compounds like phenols & cyanides.
Treatment: Toxic compounds like cyanide are removed
by precipitation.
Ashwin Associates
Bangalore Chem
50 mg/lt
for organic
Anand Chem
compounds
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
BOD Levels
PH Levels
Dion polymers
14
13000 mg/lt
for inorganic Plastic Recycling
compounds
Nandi Polymers
Raw material: 5600 ton of plastic waste is produced per
day. It is sold at 12-15 INR per kg.
75 tons recycled everyday.
Waste: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous
oxides.
7
The plastic pots used by villagers release poisonous sub-
stances on degeneration. Kasturi Polymers
Treatment: Toxic compounds like cyanide are removed
by precipitation.
50 mg/lt
for organic
compounds Hindustan Polymers
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
BOD Levels
PH Levels
Fibro Reinforced
14
Plastic Products
10000 mg/lt
JJ Polymers
Raw material: Ethane, Vinyl chloride, Phenols, coolant
water.
Waste: Acidic coolant water with plastic as suspension or
emulsion.
8
Treatment: Sludge plant or chemical precipitation.
V.S plastics
200 mg/lt
3
Ratna fibre
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
PH Levels
Sanghvi Steels
14
Stainless Steel
Panchdhatu
Raw material: Iron ore, Oil, Other Metals, Industrial Gas,
Water: 4 m3 to 8 m3 per 1000 m3 of gas.
Waste: Water with cyanides, sulphur, Phenol,dust and ore
particles.
Temperature 30 - 500c.
8 m3 / ton of slag produces.
pH values 1.5 - 4.5 Hindustan steels &
5% of grease in water Engg Co.
4.5 Treatment: Addition of sodium chloride for breaking,
neautralization and precipitation.
1.5 Bhansali
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
PH Levels
Millipore India
14
Biotechnology
Green Earth
Raw material: Organic compounds, water
Waste: Water with nutrients and microscopic bacteria.
Other organic compounds.
Treatment: Microscopic filamertous bacteria in activated
7 sludge.
Nutrient removal process and phosphorous removal.
BioOrganics and
applied Material
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Study of Peenya Industrial Area
BOD Levels
PH Levels
14
Kodigehalli Lake
Polluted by Municipal Sewage and Industrial waste water.
BOD levels are 7000
7.5 7000 mg/lt
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
Glossary
pH Level : pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion
activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative
to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement
Pure water is said to be neutral. The pH for pure water at 25 °C (77 °F) is close to 7.0. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solu-
tions with a pH greater than 7 are said to be basic or alkaline. pH measurements are important in medicine, biology, chemistry, food science, environ-
mental science, oceanography and many other applications.
BOD Level : Biochemical oxygen demand or BOD is a chemical procedure for determining the uptake rate of dissolved oxygen by the biological organisms in a body
of water. It is not a precise quantitative test, although it is widely used as an indication of the quality of water.
BOD can be used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants. It is listed as a conventional pollutant in the U.S. Clean Water Act.
Industrial Ecology IID ‘09
