LineTroll 3100

User Manual

This document describes the Installation-, configuration and

use of LineTroll 3100/3100K/3100T

Rev.
2a

Date:
24.11.06

06.02.08

04.09.08

Description:
Information about the Xenon-flash version added
Ext DC +/GND for relay card corrected

Added info reg transient faults, new prog.table,

For LT 3100 (not 3100K) manuf. From 2008 possible to
choose both 2,5A and 4A + minor corrections
Minor changes in description of installation + reset-input

Sign.
TV
TV
TV

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

No parts of this documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without the written permission
of Nortroll AS.
Copyright 2006 Nortroll AS. All rights reserved. All Nortroll products are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Nortroll AS. Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
holders.
2006 NORTROLL AS
P.O.Box 133
7601 Levanger
Norway
www.nortroll.no

0 Contents
CONTENTS

DEFINITIONS

1. LINETOLL 3100 OVERVIEW.

2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.

ADAPTIVE DETECTOR
OPERATION CRITERIA
Inrush blocking time:
Fault current passage:
Circuit Breaker (CB) tripping:
INDICATION
LED indication Dual mode:
Relay operation Dual mode:
RESET CRITERIA
Voltage reset
Automatic timer-reset
Manual reset

6
7
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
9

3. APPLICATIONS

10

LINETROLL 3100 IS SUITABLE IN:

DO NOT USE LINETROLL 3100 ON:

10
10

4. APPLICATION NOTES

11

LINE SWITCHING
Connecting a healthy line
Connecting of faulted line when indicator is not indicating
FAULTS
Permanent fault
Second fault while indicating a previous fault
AUTOMATIC RECLOSING
Non-successful reclosing
Successful reclosing
FUSED LINES
MULTIPLE FAULTS
CAPACITIVE DISCHARGES
SETTING AND LOCATION
SENSITIVITY
Earth faults
LineTroll 3100 monitors the resulting
magnetic field under the line.
Short circuit faults
Recommended distances

11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
17

5. PROGRAMMING

18

SENSITIVITY

18

TIMER RESET
CB TRIPPING WITHIN 5 OR 10 SEC.
VOLTAGE RESET.
PARAMETERS

18
18
18
19

6. MAINTENANCE

20

BATTERY MONITORING
REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES

20
20

7. LT 3100 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

21

Maximum sensitivity for magnetic field (B-field):

Blocking time for inrush:
Indication criteria:
Required fault duration
Indication LED
Reset:
Battery
External dc:
Ambient and storage temperature
Built inn short range radio:
Housing Material
Dimensions & Weight:
Test standards:
EN60529
Classification of protection degree (IP-ingress)
Climatical test

21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23

8. DIMENSIONS

23

9. MOUNTING INSTRUCTION

24

GENERAL:
COMMISSIONING
MOUNTING
RESET
TEST
INSTALLATION

24
24
24
25
25
25

10. RELAY CARD CONNECTION

26

LineTroll 3100 with relay card

Relay card connection diagram

26
26

Definitions
As the terminology may differ from country to country we will throughout this presentation use the
following definitions:
Short circuit fault
Earth fault
Transient fault
LineTroll
LED
Xenon flash
Circuit breaker
Inrush blocking
Energized
De-energized

- Phase to phase fault

- Single phase to ground fault
- Intermittent fault
- LT
- Light emitting diode
- High intensity strobe flash
- CB
- Inrush restraint
- Line with voltage present
-Line with no voltage present

Page 4
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

1. LineToll 3100 OVERVIEW.

LineTroll 3100 series consist of three versions the LineTroll 3100K, 3100 and 3100T (For
differences see technical specification)
The LineTroll 3100 is used to locate short-circuit and earth faults in overhead line distribution
networks. LineTroll 3100 is a 3-phase unit fully covering the different fault configurations that
may occur.
The indicators are placed at strategic locations along the line such as after branching points
and sectionalisers.
It mounts on the pole, 3-5 meters below the conductors by means of screws or wrappingbands. Live line mounting is done safely, easily and rapidly.
Upon detecting a fault on the line, the indicator gives off an intermittent LED flashing or an
optional Xenon flash. This flash can be seen within 200-300metres distance (for Xenon up to
1,5 km at night) during night. The lens of the indicator can be turned to either side for
optimal visibility

Figure. 1. Indicators during a fault situation

Upon fault sensing, all indicators installed between the feeding substation and the fault will
operate. The indicators placed behind the fault remain idle.
LineTroll 3100 provides fast fault location enabling reduction in outage times. This represents
enhanced service to the customers thereby improving the utilities image.
Another important aspect of using fault indicators is that unnecessary operations of circuit
breakers and sectionalisers to locate faults are avoided. This way the indicators help to reduce
wear and tear as the reclosing cycles causes stress to the switchgear.

Page 5
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

2. Functional Description.
LineTroll 3100s fault sensing is based on detection of the electromagnetic field below the
conductors.
The unit is fully self-contained, no external transformers or connections of any kind are
required.
To determine whether or not the line is faulted, the indicator is looking for a specific sequence
in the line conditions to happen before it starts flashing. The general sequence is as follows:
(ref. fig.2)
1. The line should be energised for at least 5 seconds.
2. The line current should increase rapidly above the value set by the user (the nominal trip
level).
3. The line should be de-energised.

Figure 2. Fault sequence.

However, the user might program the criteria for operation to suit his local requirement by
manipulating a bank of micro-switches inside the indicator.

2.1 Adaptive detector

The measured magnetic field (=B-field) is applied to an adaptive dB/dt detector.
This detector automatically adjusts to the normal conditions on the line.
Slow variations in load current will not affect the detector.
A fault current will cause a rapid increase in the B-field which the detector will respond to.
The detector will now require that two conditions is satisfied:

Page 6
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

1. The relative increase dB is greater

than a certain level.
2. The absolute increase dB T is greater
than a pre-set value.
The second condition is the trip-level, which can be set by the user to different values; see
section for Programming.
The corresponding B-field can be found by using the formula:
BT=0ISET/(2d)
where 0=410-7 (free space permeability)
ISET= 4, 7, 15 or 50A
d= 3m (distance conductor-indicator)
Example:
ISET=7A => B=0.47T

2.2 Operation Criteria

As mentioned the indicator is looking for a specific sequence. This sequence requires the
following criterion to be fulfilled to activate the indicator:

Inrush blocking time:

The line voltage has to be present for approximately 5 sec. before any fault current will be
detected.
This blocking time avoids indication upon magnetising inrush currents during line energising.

Fault current passage:

The fault current has to generate the required increase in the magnetic field as described in
section 2.1.
If these two criteria are fulfilled the fault is detected and stored.
Whether the fault should be indicated or not depends on what happens on the line and how
the indicator is programmed.

Circuit Breaker (CB) tripping:

Setting: CB-trip enabled:
Line de-energised within 5/10 sec:
=> Indication
Line not de-energised within 5/10 sec:
=> No indication
Setting: CB-trip disabled:
=> Indication not dependent on de-energised line.

NB!

If programmed for voltage reset the indicator reset after 15/30 sec if the line is
not de-energised within this time.

Page 7
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

LINE

> 10 s

<5s

= INDICATION
CB-trip
enabled
t

CB-trip
disabled
t

Fig. 3. CB-tripping
If LT 3100 is to be used in a network with no tripping due to earth fault the CB-tripping must
be disabled to obtain indication of earth fault.
If these two criteria are met in the correct sequence, the indicator starts indicating.

Indication
Please note that LT3100 are also available with a Xenon-gastube as the main indication. This
is described in next chapter.

1. LED indication Dual mode; transient and permanent fault indication

The indicator can be set both to indicate permanent as well as transient faults.
Permanent faults: 3 Red LEDs or Xenon-flash
Transients faults: A single Green LED
(Dual mode only activated if CB trip is set to ON)
With the optional Xenon flash, the flash pattern follows the RED LEDs.

NB:

XENON
Fast Auto
Reclosing

Fault

Last
Reclosing
Non-successful

Fault
Fast Auto
Reclosing

Page 8
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Relay operation Dual mode:

If indicator supplied with Relay-card, two NO relay contacts are available for connection to a
RTU for remote indication.
The transient relay closes (1 sec), 5 sec (or 10) after the fault occur, even if the fault develop
to a permanent fault or not.
Fault

Last
Reclosing
Non-successful

Fast Auto
Reclosing

Line
current

XENON

INDICATION

Transient
Fault Relay

5 sec

Permanent
Fault Relay

40 sec

The Permanent relay closes if the fault sequence is considered as a permanent fault, and
remains closed until indicator is reset.

Reset Criteria
The indicator can be reset in three
different ways:

1. Voltage reset
Automatic reset on return of voltage:
Voltage reset can be programmed to:
i)
OFF,
ii)
ON, delayed 15 or 30 sec

2. Automatic timer-reset
Programmable to: 1.5, 3, 6 or 12 hours.

3. Manual reset
LineTroll 3100 can be reset by turning the
lens clockwise to "RESET" position. A
magnet is permanently mounted in the
lens.
A special hot-stick-attachable tool is
available for resetting of the indicator from
the ground when mounted on a pole.

Page 9
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

3. Applications
The application of LineTroll 3100 usually requires a previous line survey so that the best use
of it may be obtained.
For the best economic benefit it is recommended that the indicators are used:

In easily accessibly line points for easy monitoring of the indicator in case of fault, for
instance near the road. It is advisable to take binoculars.

Before and after line points difficult to reach (mountains, woods, etc.) to quickly locate
the fault.

Next to lines branching points, to easily locate the damaged branch.

When installing indicators at such points, the use of indicators in every branch is
recommended in order to provide complete information in the event of fault. Not doing so
may cause confusion since there may be an indication in a branch due to a nonpermanent fault while another branch without indicator may be faulty yet considered
healthy.

Near line points with sectionalisers to rapidly pinpoint and isolate the fault to facilitate
rapid reconnection the healthy sections.

LineTroll 3100 is suitable in:

6-66kV distribution networks

66- 175kV (LT3100-T)
> 175kV (contact NORTROLL AS)
Radial lines.
Isolated-neutral networks.
Solidly-earthed-neutral networks.
Resistance-earthed-neutral networks.
Single and 3-phase network

Do not use LineTroll 3100 on:

1. Poles:

with underground cables

with T-offs
with double circuit lines
with sectionalisers
with distribution transformers
closer than 300 metres to 220-440 kV lines
closer than 150 metres to 132 kV lines
closer than 100 metres to 66 kV lines
closer than 50 metres to 33 kV lines
closer than 35 metres to 22 kV lines

Page 10
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

2. Lines protected with fuses

3. Ring lines or multiple feed lines.
4. Line points where capacitive discharge current from the network downstream
exceeds trip level can activate the indicator.
5. Nearby trees

4. Application Notes
The aim of this section is to describe how the LineTroll 3100 indicator behaves in different
service situations and network events.

Line Switching
Connecting a healthy line
As the magnetising inrush current of a line can be very high, the indicator is provided with a 5
seconds blocking of the dB/dt sensor which prevents it from being activated until the line
current is stabilised. Once the blocking time has elapsed, the indicator is enabled for fault
detection.
See fig. 2.

Connecting of faulted line when indicator is not indicating

This will not cause any indication for the same reason as for connection of a healthy line. The
blocking time will avoid any indication.
LINE

NO INDICATION

Fig.8. Connecting a faulty line

Page 11
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Faults
Permanent fault
Permanent faults will be indicated by red LEDs.
The time out for the LED can be set by the user to 1.5, 3, 6, or 12 hours.
If the line is restored within the time-out, the LEDs will reset, assuming that the voltage reset
is enabled

Fault

Last
Reclosing
Non-successful

Fast Auto
Reclosing

Line
current

INDICATION

5 sec

Transient
Fault Relay

40 sec

Permanent
Fault Relay

Fig.5 Permanent fault.

Second fault while indicating a previous fault

If a second fault occurs whilst the LT 3100 is indicating a previous permanent fault the
indicator will continue to indicate for the first fault. Before it can detect the next fault while
indicating a permanent fault, it must be reset.

Transient (temporary) faults

If the fault is cleared on the automatic re-closings and the line returns back to normal service;
a single green LED will flash for 24 hours. During this 24 hours period the indicator is ready to
detect new faults. If the new fault is a permanent fault, the indicator will start indicating the
latter permanent fault.
Fault
Line
current

Succesfull
Reclosing

15 sec

24h

(voltage reset delay)

INDICATION

Transient
Fault Relay

5 sec

Permanent
Fault Relay

Page 12
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Automatic reclosing
An automatic reclosing will not activate a non-flashing indicator.
If the indicator is indicating a previous fault, the operation due to a reclosing depends on
whether the reclosing is successful or not.

Non-successful reclosing
Closing a breaker onto a fault leads to another trip almost instantly. As the activated indicator
needs either 15/30 seconds with the line energised in order to reset, the indicator remain
flashing.
LINE

<30 s

Fig.12. Reclosing upon a faulted line.

Successful reclosing
The operation due to a successful reclosing depends on the setting of the voltage reset:

Line
current

LED-Indication

Energizing

15 sec.

Transient Fault Indication

Transient
Fault Relay
Permanent
Fault Relay

Fig.13. Successful reclosing

Page 13
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Fused lines
One operation criterion is that, after a fault, a three-phase disconnection of the line has to be
carried out. If, instead of a three-phase trip, a fuse operates in one or two phases, the voltage
of the healthy phase might reset the indicator. This is true for indicators placed before the
fuse as well as after it.
When the criterion CB tripping is enabled, LineTroll 3100 is not activated unless the fault
causes a three-phase trip in the feeding within 5 sec (or 10) after the occurrence of the fault.
If CB tripping is disabled, the indicator is activated but will reset after 15/30 sec., unless the
fault causes a three-phase trip in the feeding end within this time.
If the voltage reset is switched off, the indicator will continue flashing until it is reset manually
or after the automatic timer period has elapsed.

Multiple faults
Multiple faults may occur. Defective network components may burn or break due to the
electro-dynamic force of the fault current and cause a second fault.
Another cause of multiple faults in isolated networks is the rise in voltage in the healthy
phases with reference to ground.
The voltage may reach up to 1.7 times the nominal voltage. Weak insulators may not
withstand such a voltage increase, and a second fault may occur.
This kind of fault may be difficult to trace as they often are non-permanent and only appear in
situations like the ones mentioned here.

Capacitive discharges
The LineTroll 3100 indicator is not directional, it therefore detects current without
discriminating its direction. In case of an earth fault, the capacitive energy of the network
discharges in the fault point. It should be checked that the capacitive discharge current
downstream the indicator is below pre-set trip level in order to avoid the indicator erroneously
activating upon earth faults.
If the total capacitive current exceeds the trip level, it is advisable to change the trip level or
install the indicators in the branching points instead of in the main line. The capacitive
discharge of a branching point is limited by its own capacitance, while in the main line the
capacitive current of all the branches downstream the indicator is added. Underground cables
have larger capacitance than overhead lines. This has to be taken into account when an
overhead line feeds an underground cable.
The following simplified formula may be used to estimate the capacitive discharge current of a
line:
Ic =

Ic =
U =
LL =
LC =
K =

U LL
300

U LC
K

Capacitive current in A
Nominal voltage in kV
Overhead line length in km
Cable length in km
10; for oil impregnated cables, 5; for PEX cables, 3; for PVC cables

In order to avoid the LineTroll 3100 being activated by an earth fault upstreams the indicator,
the following criteria have to be met.
Page 14
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

(1)

Ic < ISET
Ic = capacitive discharge current
ISET = max. sensitivity for

downstream the indicator.

earth fault; 4,7,15 or 50A.

To estimate the capacitive discharge current at any line point, you have to calculate the
contribution from all the overhead lines and underground cables lengths only beyond that
point.

Ic =

Fig.14. Capacitive discharge current calculation example.

Page 15
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Setting and location

In network with the feeding transformers neutral isolated from the earth, earth fault current
normally is low.
In such network its important to do a thoroughly analysis of the network to find the correct
installation and settings.
Two criteria must be satisfied:
In order to avoid false indication due to discharge current during earth faults the following
criteria have to be met:
(1)

IC < ISET
IC = Capacitive discharge current behind the indicator.
ISET = maximum sensitivity for earth fault; 4,7,15 or 50A.

To obtain correct indication during earth fault the following criteria have to be met:
(2)

ISET < I0 - IC
I0 = Total earth fault current
in the net.
Comparing (1) and (2) gives the limit for the ISET:
IC < ISET < I0 - IC

Sensitivity
Earth faults
LineTroll 3100 monitors the resulting
magnetic field under the line.
The sensitivity for earth faults is a function of the following variables:
1. The trip level set on the indicator;
4, 7, 15 or 50 A. (See section 2.1)
2. Load current of the line when the fault occurs.
3. Line configuration on the pole where the indicator is located.
4. The distance between the conductors and the indicator.

Short circuit faults

The indicator requires that two conditions is satisfied in order to detect a short circuit fault:
1. The relative increase dB is greater
than a certain level (100% or 200%)
2. The absolute dB T is greater
than a pre-set value; 100, 200, 500 or 1000A ref to an indicator located 3 meters below a
flat line configuration with 1,5m conductor spacing. More narrow spacing will
increase these values.

Page 16
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

The indicator will indicate the fault by flashing the red (or green) LEDs (or Xenon), and closing
of the fault relays (i.e. same as for earth fault).

Recommended distances
The fault current which is necessary to generate a sufficient increase in magnetic field
depends on; i) the indicators distance from the conductor, ii) the line configuration and iii) the
load current. The distance from the conductors is measured from the lowest conductor.

Fig. 16. Distance from conductors

Install the indicator in the line-direction, see below.

OK!
LT3100

LT3100

Page 17
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

5. Programming
Programming of the unit is done from a switch-bank on the printed circuit board located under
the top-cap.

See the figure below for switch ON/OFF definition. Switch combinations which are not shown
should not be used.

SW1
SW2
SW3

Fig. 17. Setting operation mode with DIP switches

Sensitivity
The maximum sensitivity (lowest detectable current) for earth fault current can be set to 1 out
of 4 nominal values of 2.5A*) 7A, 15A or 50A. LT3100K max sensitivity is 4A.

Timer reset
Timer reset can be set from 1.5 to 12 hours.

CB tripping within 5 or 10 sec.

If enabled, the line must be de-energised within 5 sec or 10sec. after the fault occurrence to
give indication.

Voltage reset.
The voltage reset function works after 15 or 30 sec. The line must have been continuously
energised for the programmed period before indicator resets.
The voltage reset can even be disabled.

Page 18
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Programming parameters:
SW 1 (1=ON,0=OFF)
Transient fault relay closing time
Threshold Earth Fault (PtG)
*) 4A 2,5A if SW3d7 is ON (1)
Valid for LT3100 only (not 3100K & 3100T)

Short Circuit dI/dt relative increase

Absolute threshold PtP-Short Circuit

Min fault duration PtG (Earth Fault)

Min fault duration PtP (Short Circuit
Fault)

SW 2 (1=ON, 0=OFF)
CB-trip
Automatic Voltage reset
Delay Voltage reset

Automatic timer reset

Delay before permanent indication

(relay operation)
NB! + transient delay time
Delay (CB-trip) transient indication

SW 3 (1=ON, 0=OFF)
Transient indication 24h Green LED
Extended indication of perm faults
For Xenon only; single Red LED
Short range radio address
Relay card
QuickLink or GSM-modem
Reset of battery counter (see user guide)
default = off (0)
High sensitivity PtG: 2,5A.
**) SW1d3,4must both be in pos off (0)
Always OFF (Debug info)

Values:
1 sec
3 sec
4 A*)
7A
15 A
50 A
100%
200%
100 A
200 A
500 A
1000 A
60 ms
120 ms
60 ms
120 ms

1
0
1

Values:
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
15 sec
30 sec
1,5 h
3h
6h
12 h
40 sec
70 sec
120 sec
180 sec
5 sec
10 sec

1
0
1

Values:
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
1
2
3
4

1
0
1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1

0
1
0
1
2

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
0
1

0
1
2

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
1

0
1
0
4A
2,5A**)

0
1
0

NB!

After programming the indicator must be reset in order to save and initiate the
new settings.
**) NB! This setting (both 4A and 2,5A) is available only for LT-3100 manufactured/delivered
from 2008 and with SW-rev: LT3100_V2.1 & LT3100_V2.1X. Previous versions had 2,5A or
4A setting, not both! LT 3100K do not have 2,5A setting.
Page 19
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

6. Maintenance
It is advisable to inspect the indicator once a year or 1 year after it was last activated. The
inspection should include a functional test to show that the flashlight frequency is normal.

Battery monitoring
LineTroll3100 is equipped with an internal battery counter that keeps track of battery capacity
used. When the counter excide a predefined number of mAh, the indicators alarms the user
by blinking the yellow LED in a 6 seconds interval.
Low battery warning will be initialized when approximately 80% *) of the total capacity is
used (i.e. two standard lithium batteries).
*) 94% on version v01a.

Replacement of batteries
After replacing the batteries, the internal battery counter must be reset. This is done by
setting dip 6 switch 3 in position ON, followed by a manual reset (i.e. turning the display-unit
clock-wise until it stops and then back to normal position.) The indicator will indicate that the
battery counter has been reset by flashing both green and yellow LEDs.
The indicator will remain in this state until the dip is turned in position OFF, and a new RESET
operation has been performed.

Page 20
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

7. LT 3100 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

LT 3100K*) for MV networks 6-66KV
LT 3100
for MV networks 6-66KV
LT 3100T
for MV networks 6-400KV (Transmission networks)
*) The LT 3100K is a special unit with reduced features, and normally quoted on
special tenders only. Of the same reason the specification may be changed and adapted to
individual tenders without further notice:
The basic differences compared to LT 3100 are:
No cable for interface card mounted
No event log implemented in SW
2,5A sensitivity for PtG-faults not available
No HW for ext DC via relay card (in case of upgraded with cable)

Maximum sensitivity for magnetic field (B-field):

Ref. distance from conductors: 3m.
ISET
B-field: T
2,5A
0.14
+/-20%
4A
0.27

7A
0.47

15A
1.00

50A
3.33

(LT3100 only)

If distance is 5m, and setting is 4A => the max sensitivity will be (4A/3m)x5m = 6,7A

Blocking time for inrush:

5 seconds

Indication criteria:
1) Line energised for more than 5 seconds
- followed by a
2) Line current increasing by at least 100% (or 200%) within 20ms and reaching a level that
exceeds the programmed trip level and fault duration
- followed by a
3) Circuit Breaker tripping within 5 sec (or 10 sec) after the fault occurrence
(can be disabled).

Required fault duration

60 or 120 msec (3 or 6 x 50Hz cycles) programmable

Indication LED
Indication by a cluster of 5 high intensity LEDs:
3 x Red : Permanent Fault Indication
1 x Green
: Transient Fault Indication
1 x Yellow
: Low battery and Installation information

Indication Xenon (Optional)

Indication by : Xenon and LEDs:
1 x Red
: Permanent Fault Indication
1 x Green
: Transient Fault Indication
1 x Yellow
: Installation information
Page 21
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Reset:
1) Voltage reset: 15 or 30 sec.
2) Timer reset: 1.5, 3, 6 or 12 hours
3) Manual reset by rotating the lens.

Battery
o

2 Lithium battery; 3.6V 2x16.5Ah at 5mA @ 20 C.

Lifetime: 8year, > 5000 flashing hours.
Space for 1 additional battery on request.
Current consumption: 400uA in normal state

External dc:
External DC input 10-24 VDC

Ambient and storage temperature

-40oC to + 74oC

Built inn short range radio:

Future option for remote reading of log a, test and reprogramming
(Normally not activated)

Battery monitoring:
LT3100 is equipped with an internal battery counter that keeps track of battery capacity used.
The indicator alarms the user by blinking the yellow LED in a 6 seconds interval. Low battery
warning will be initialized when approx. 80%

Event log:
LT 3100 and LT 3100T has built in event LOG that can be read by connecting the unit to a PC
via a cable.

Communication modules: (Optional)

All versions of LT 3100 can be equipped with communication modules such as relay card,
short-range radio and GSM unit.

Housing Material
Body & bracket: Polycarbonate (PC) with glass reinforcement.
Top-cap and lens: Transparent Poly carbonate, UV resistant.
Flame retardent grades: (V-0 UL) 750 deg. celsius
Mechanical strength: IK09 (10J impact)
IP: 55 (Cat.2)

Dimensions & Weight:

Complete indicator in cardboard box:

Weight: 1400 grams.

Volume: (100 x 380 x 200 mm)

Page 22
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

Test standards:
Protection degree of
enclosures
EN50102

Verification of protection degree (IK-choc)

EN60529

Classification of protection degree (IP-ingress)

Climatical test
IEC 60068-2-1
IEC 60068-2-2
IEC 60068-2-78
IEC 600682-11
Electrical tests

Test to cold
Test to dry heat
Continuous test in humid heat
Salt mist chamber

EN 61000-6-3
EN 61000-6-2
IEC 61000-4-2
IEC 61000-4-3
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5
IEC 61000-4-8
ENV 50204

Emmision (EN 55022)

Immunity to electrical disturbances
Immunity to electrostatic discharges
Immunity to electromagnetic fields
Immunity to electrical transients
Immunity to voltage impulse waves
Immunity to magnetic fields at network frequency
Immunity to rayed electromagnetic fields by mobile
telephones
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM) Short Range Devices, Radio euipm.
To be used in the 1GHz to 40 GHZ freq.range. Part
1.

EN 300 440 V1.3.1 (2201-09)

98.78

380.11

8. Dimensions

Fig.20. Dimensions
Page 23
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

9. Mounting Instruction
General:
When the LT 3100 detects a fault current it will indicate this by flashing LEDs or by closing of
relay contacts if connected to an RTU. The LT 3100 will keep flashing until a predetermined
automatic reset condition has been fulfilled.

Commissioning
Check that the batteries or the external DC is connected.
If the LT 3100 is not already programmed, this can be done setting the dipswitches located
under the top-cap.
NB! If switches are changed, RESET the indicator in order to initiate the new settings.

Mounting
The LineTroll 3100 mounts on the pole
typically 3-5 meters below the conductor.

Note!
The indicator must be aligned with
the direction of line, see fig 20.
3-5 meter

Out of alignment will reduce the

sensitivity for the fault current.

Fig.20. Distance on the pole.

The indicator can be mounted on the pole
with French screws or with two cable ties.

When the indicator bracket is mounted on the pole with screws it is recommended to first
screw the lower screw in to the pole and then put the bracket on to this screw before putting
in the second screw.

Page 24
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

When the bracket has been mounted on the pole with either screws or cable-ties the indicator
housing can be slided down onto the bracket. When the housing is in the correct position a
snap will lock the housing on to the bracket.

RESET
The indicator can be RESET by turning the display-unit clock-wise until it stops and then back
to normal position.

TEST
The indicator can be TESTED by turning the display-unit counter-clockwise until it stops and
then back to normal position.

INSTALLATION
The indicator must be installed on an energized line. After the unit is mounted on the pole,
and any connection to a RTU is done, the unit has to be adapted to the local Electro-magnetic
field, and adjust the internal gain.
1.

Turn the display unit counter-clockwise ( TEST) until it stops. Leave the display
unit in the test position, and then climb down minimum 1 m in order to not
interfere with the EM-field.

2.

After a 10sec with running LEDs the results from the adaption will be indicated by
one or two LEDs:
a. GREEN:

Installation is OK
The green LED flash for approximately 10sec, then it is ready for
detecting faults. Remember to return the lens to normal
position.

b. RED:
c. YELLOW:

E-field too low; the indicator may be installed closer to the lines.
Setting for Absolute Short Circuit Fault level is too low; increase
the level (SW1-5 and SW1-6) and repeat the installation.

Indication of incorrect installation remains until reset.

Page 25
Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008

10. Relay card connection

For LT 3100 only, not LT3100K!
LineTroll 3100 with relay card

Relay card connection diagram

RL1

J3
RL2

J1
4
1

7
2

J2

NO1

COM.
NO2

Relaycard Lin eTroll 3100

JP1

1.
2.
3.

V+
GND
RES

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

GND
COM.
NO1
COM.
NO2

COM.

RES
V+
GDN
GDN

NORTROLL AS

12 - 24V DC voltage
Ground
External Reset (active when connected to GND)
NB! Do NOT apply any voltage to the rest-input.
Ground
Common
Permanent fault
Common
Transient fault
Page 26

Userguide LineTroll 3100 February 2008