Math Lecture 1
Math Lecture 1
MATH103
For Engineering
Winter 2015
Lecture # 1
1
C3.106
E- mail: hany.elsharkawy@guc.edu.eg
Textbooks:
tarek.abdelgaber@guc.edu.eg
lina.darwish@guc.edu.eg
mohamed.hafez-amer@guc.edu.eg
aia.yousef@guc.edu.eg
karim.kamal@guc.edu.eg
nouran.zaghlool@guc.edu.eg
michael.nagib@guc.edu.eg
engy.hanafy@guc.edu.eg
khaled.elagha@guc.edu.eg
3
Course Assessment
Assessment will be based on: assignments,
quizzes, Midterm and Final exams.
10% : Assignments
must be submitted in your tutorials .
modeling
Mathematical Model
Write the equations
analysis
verification
Predictions
Explanations
Computer code
interpretation
Mathematical
conclusions
Course Outlines
Engineering
Mathematics 1
Math 103
Numbers,
Inequalities and
Basic functions
5 Lectures
Limits and
continuity
Derivative and
its applications
Integration
3 Lectures
8 Lectures
4 lectures
GUC - MATH103
Chapter 1
Basics: Numbers, Inequalities &
algebraic and transcendental functions
8
Lecture 1
A- Fundamental concepts of
Numbers
Second factor
Second term
First factor
0
Negative numbers
a b if: a < b or a = b.
11
= or
1 ???
5 is an irrational number.
12
5 is an irrational number.
n times
1
n
a
35 3 3 3 3 3 243
S o, what about...?
Laws of exponents
(i ) a m . a n a m n
( ii) (a m )n a mn
( iv) (ab)n a n b n
a n an
(v ) ( ) n
b
b
am
( iii) n a m n
a
15
1
n
a a ,
m
n
a n a m ( n a )m
Laws of radicals
(i )
( iii)
an a
n
ab n a .n b
( ii)
( iv)
m n
a mn a
a na
n
b
b
16
B- Techniques of solving
equations and inequalities
1.4 Introduction
1.5 Solving linear equations
1.6 Solving quadratic equations
1.7 Solving other types of equations
1.8 Solutions of inequalities
1.9 Equations and inequalities involving absolute
value
17
1.4 Introduction
What is an equation?
It is a statement in which two algebraic
expressions are equal.
Examples
of equations:
2
What
is the solution
of an equation
?
x 2x 3 0
18
ax b c
cb
x
a
Example: Solve the equation:
2x 1 7
Solution: 2 x 1 7 2 x 6 x 3
Therefore, the
19
ax bx c 0
2
20
set = {-3, 4}
21
b b 2 4ac
x2
2a
b b 4ac
2a
2
1 1 4(1)( 12)
2(1)
1 49 1 7
2
2
6
3
2
and
1 1 4(1)( 12)
2(1)
1 49 1 7
2
2
8
4
2
22
Important formulas
A B ( A B )( A B )
2
A3 B3 ( A B )( A2 AB B 2 )
A B ( A B )( A AB B )
3
( A B ) A 2 AB B
( A B ) A 2 AB B
( A B ) A 3 A B 3 AB B
3
( A B ) A 3 A B 3 AB B
3
3
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( x 2) 12
2.
( x 1) 64
3.
( x 5) 27
Solution: 1. ( x 2)2
12 x 4 x 4 12
2
x 4 x 8 0,
2
26
Types of intervals
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u k
u k , if k 0
u 0, if k 0
no solution, if k 0
u v u v
28
4x 3 5
2.
x 6 x 12 7 x
2
3. 2 x 3 x 6
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Solutions:
1.
4 x 3 5 4 x 3 5
x 2 & x 0.5 S. S. {0.5, 2}
2. x 6 x (12 7 x )
2
x 6 x 12 7 x or x 6 x 7 x 12
2
x 2 x 12 0 or x 2 13 x 12 0
x 4, 3
or x 1, 12.
S . S . {4, 1, 3, 12}
3.
2 x 3 ( x 6 ) x 3 & x 3
S.S. {3, 3}
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u k k u k
1.
u k u k or u k
2.
3.
u uu0
Note that: i.
u u
2
not
not u
u k k u
2
ii.
iii. u k u
2
k or u k
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2x 3 5
2.
x2 3 1
3.
x4
2
x 1
32
Solutions:
2
x
2
x
5
1.
2 2 x 8 1 x 4 ] 1,4[
2
2
2
x
1
or
x
3 1
2.
x 4 or x 2
2
" x 2 or x 2" or 2 x 2
3. x 4 2 | x 4 | 2 | x 1 | : x 1
x 1
( x 4)2 4( x 1)2 x 2 4 2 x 2
[2, 2] {1} [2,1[]1,2]
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x2 x 2 0
5. 5 x 2
x 1
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2
3
x 1
x [1
2
3
,1
2
3
2
3
1
]
2
3
x 1
2
3
35
a x a 0 x2 a2
Like : 2 x 2 0 x 2 4
# 2 : if
Like : 2 x 3 0 x 2 9 & 5 x 4 0 x 2 25
# 3 : if
x y
multiplying by a constant " c"
cx cy if c 0 While cx cy if c 0
#4 : Knowing that the outputs of " . " & "| . |" must be " 0" ,
then, one can see that :
x 2 | x | not " x"
&
25 5 not "5"
36
Thank you
38