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Mat112 Week 7 Home Work Solution

The document provides solutions to homework problems involving logarithms. It covers topics such as writing logarithmic expressions as single logarithms, using properties of logarithms to expand expressions, solving logarithmic equations for variables, and proving identities involving hyperbolic functions. Specific problems solved include writing logarithmic expressions as single logarithms, expanding logarithmic expressions, solving equations for variables, proving identities for hyperbolic functions, evaluating expressions involving hyperbolic functions, finding domains of logarithmic functions, and solving equations involving logarithms and exponents.

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olasunmbo
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
123 views

Mat112 Week 7 Home Work Solution

The document provides solutions to homework problems involving logarithms. It covers topics such as writing logarithmic expressions as single logarithms, using properties of logarithms to expand expressions, solving logarithmic equations for variables, and proving identities involving hyperbolic functions. Specific problems solved include writing logarithmic expressions as single logarithms, expanding logarithmic expressions, solving equations for variables, proving identities for hyperbolic functions, evaluating expressions involving hyperbolic functions, finding domains of logarithmic functions, and solving equations involving logarithms and exponents.

Uploaded by

olasunmbo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

MAT112 WEEK 7 HOME WORK SOLUTIONS

1. Write as a single logarithm


a) log 2 4 + log 2 8
SOLUTION:

log 2 4 + log 2 8 = log 2 4 8

b) log ( 6 x ) log 6
SOLUTION:
6x
log ( 6 x ) log 6= log = log x
6
c) 2 log 3 9 log3 27

SOLUTION:
2 log 3 9 log 3 27 = log 3 92 log 3 27
92
= log 3
27
= log 3 3

d) ln ( x 2 ) + 5 ln x
SOLUTION:
ln ( x 2 ) + 5 ln x = ln ( x 2 ) + ln x 5
= ln x 5 ( x 2)

2. Use the properties of logarithms to expand these expressions as much as


possible:
a) logb ( x z )

SOLUTION:

log b x z

= logb x 2 + log b

( z)

= 2logb x + logb z
3

25
b) log5
y

SOLUTION:
3

25
log5 = log 5 253 log 5 y 3 = 3log5 25 3log 5 y
y
10
c) ln
e
Page 1 of 10

SOLUTION:
10
ln = ln10 ln e
e

d) log ( 9 10 )

SOLUTION:

1
log 9 10 = log 9 + log 10 = log 9 + log10
2
3. Solve for x in the following equations:
a) log 2 ( x + 5) = 4

SOLUTION:
log 2 ( x + 5) = 4
log 2 ( x + 5) = 4 log 2 2
log 2 ( x + 5) = log 2 2 4

log 2 ( x + 5) = log 2 16

x + 5 = 16
x = 11

ALTERNATIVELY,
log 2 ( x + 5) = 4
2 log 2 ( x+5) = 2 4

Using the inverse property a log x = x this simplifies to


a

x + 5 = 24

x + 5 = 16
x = 16 5 = 11

It can also be solved thus:


We can put the equation in exponential form as follows:
x + 5 = 24

Thus,
x + 5 = 16
x = 11

b) 4 ln(3 x) = 12
Page 2 of 10

SOLUTION:
Divide the equation by 3 to obtain
ln(3x) = 3

Exponentiate both sides using natural base e:


eln(3 x ) = e3

Using the inverse property, we have


3x = e3
e3
x =
3
c) ln(1) ln(3x 2) = ln( x)

SOLUTION:
The equation can be written as:
ln( x) + ln(3x 2) = ln(1)
x
ln
= ln(1)
3x 2

This implies that


x
=1
3x 2

Or
3x 2 = x
x =1

d) 3logx = log 27
SOLUTION:
The equation can be written as:
logx 3 = log 27 1

Or
logx3 = log

1
27

Thus,
x3 =

1
27

1
x =
3
1
x=
3

Page 3 of 10

e) log( x + 3) = log( x + 3) + log x


SOLUTION:
This can be simplified to give
log x = 0
(Common logarithm)
x = 100 = 1
f) ln(x+3)=6

SOLUTION:
Exponentiate both sides using natural base e
eln(x +3) =e6

Using the inverse property a log x = x this simplifies to


a

x + 3=e6
x = e6 3

g) 72 x1 = 34
SOLUTION:
Take common logarithm of each side to have
log 72 x1 = log 34
(2 x 1) log 7 = 4log 3
4log 3
2x 1 =
log 7
4log 3
2x =
+1
log 7
2log 3 1
x=
+
log 7 2
4log 3 + log 7
x=
or
2log 7
4 ln 3 + ln 7
(Obtained by taking logarithm with the natural
x=
2 ln 7

base)
h) log 4 x = log16 (5 x 6)
SOLUTION:
Note that log16 (5 x 6) =

log 4 (5 x 6) log 4 (5 x 6) log 4 (5 x 6)


=
=
log 4 16
2
log 4 42

(From Change of Base Rule)


So, the given equation becomes
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log 4 (5 x 6)
2
2log 4 x = log 4 (5 x 6)
log 4 x =

log 4 x 2 = log 4 (5 x 6)
x2 = 5x 6
x2 5x + 6 = 0
( x 2)( x 3) = 0

So, x = 2 or x = 3
i) eln x = 3
SOLUTION:
Using the inverse property a log x = x the equation simplifies to
a

j)

x=3
ln(1 + x) ln(1 x) = 1

SOLUTION:
ln(1 + x) ln(1 x) = 1

1+ x
ln
= ln e
1 x
1+ x

=e
1 x
1 + x = e(1 x)
x + ex = e 1
x(1 + e) = e 1
e 1
x =
e +1

4. Prove that
a) cosh( x + y) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y
PROOF:

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e x + e x e y + e y e x e x e y e y
cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y =

2 2 2
2
1
1
= e x + y + e x y + e x+ y + e ( x + y ) + e x+ y e x y e x + y + e ( x + y )
4
4
1
= 2e x+ y + 2e ( x+ y )
4
1
= e x + y + e ( x + y )
2
e x + y + e ( x + y )
=
2
= cosh( x + y)
cosh( x + y ) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y

b) cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x


PROOF:
If we put x = y in the result obtained in (a), we have
cosh( x + x) = cosh x cosh x + sinh x sinh x
cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

ALTERNATIVELY:
2

e x + e x e x e x
cosh x + sinh x =
+

2
1
1
= ( e2 x + 2 + e2 x ) + ( e2 x 2 + e2 x )
4
4
1
= ( 2e2 x + 2e2 x )
4
1
= ( e2 x + e2 x )
2
= cosh 2 x
2

cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x

c) cosh 2 x = 1 + 2sinh 2 x
PROOF:

Page 6 of 10

e x e x
1 + 2sinh x = 1 + 2

2
1
= 1 + ( e2 x 2 + e2 x )
2
1
= ( e2 x + 2e2 x )
2
1
= ( e2 x + e2 x )
2
= cosh 2 x
2

cosh 2 x = 1 + 2sinh 2 x

5. Evaluate
a) [cosh(ln 2) + sinh(ln 2)]2
SOLUTION:
e ln 2 + e ln 2 e ln 2 e ln 2
+
[cosh(ln 2) + sinh(ln 2) ]2 =

2
2

= 2e ln 2
2

= e ln 2

= 22
=4

b) ( cosh x sinh x )30 + ( cosh x + sinh x )30


SOLUTION:
( cosh x sinh x )

30

+ ( cosh x + sinh x )

30

e x + e x e x e x
=

2
2

2e x
=
2

( )

= e x

30

30

2e x
+
2

( )

+ ex

30

= e 30 x + e30 x
= e30 x + e 30 x
e30 x + e 30 x
= 2
2

= 2 cosh(30 x)

c)

2x
2 x
cosh + sinh
3
3

34

Page 7 of 10

30

30

e x + e x e x e x
+
+
2
2

30

SOLUTION:

2x
2 x
cosh + sinh
3
3

34

2x
2x
2x
2x

e 3 + e 3
e3 e 3
=
+
2
2

2x
2x
2x
2x

3
3
3
e + e
e e 3
=
+
2
2

2x
2e 3
=
2

2x
= e 3

34

34

34

34

2x 3

4

=e3

2x 3

4

=e3

= e2

= ex

x 1
.
2
x 4

6. Find the domain of f ( x) = ln

SOLUTION:
Recall that the domain of f ( x) = logb g ( x) consists of all x for which g ( x) > 0 .
This implies that the argument of the log function must be positive. For the
given problem, it means that
x 1
> 0.
x2 4

This is a non-linear inequality with the critical points 1 and 2 .


By drawing the number line, you will find that the domain is
(2,1) (2, ) .
7. Show that the solution of the equation: 32+ x = 5x is x =
SOLUTION:
32+ x = 5x

Take natural logarithm of both sides to have


ln 32+ x = ln 5x

Using power rule of logarithm, we get


Page 8 of 10

2 ln 3
.
ln 5 ln 3

(2 + x) ln 3 = x ln 5

So, we have
2 ln 3 + x ln 3 = x ln 5
x ln 5 x ln 3 = 2 ln 3
x(ln 5 ln 3) = 2 ln 3

Thus,
x=

2ln 3
ln 5 ln 3

8. Simplify (without calculator; no decimal answers): ln(3 + x ) ln( x 2 9) .


SOLUTION:
ln(3 + x ) ln( x 2 9) can be expressed as
3+ x
ln(3 + x) ln( x 2 9) = ln 2

x 9

3+ x
= ln

( x 3)( x + 3)
1
= ln

x 3
= ln ( x 3 )

= ln( x 3)

9. John deposited $ 800 in a bank that gives an annual interest of 6%. How long
will it take for the deposit to reach $1500, if compounded continuously?
SOLUTION:
Use the formula for continuous compounding : A = Pert
The formula for continuous compounding is:
A = Pert
Substituting P = 800, r = 0.06 and A = 1500 in the above formula:
1500 = 800e0.06t
Simplifying:
e 0.06t =

1500
= 1.875
800

Take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation:


ln e0.06t = ln 1.875
Use the inverse property of the logarithm to obtain
0.06t = ln 1.875
Or 0.06t = 0.6286
Thus,
0.06t = 10.4768
Therefore, the required time taken is approximately 10.48 years.
Page 9 of 10

10. Best of Luck in your academic pursuits.

Page 10 of 10

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