(CULTURAL STUDIES OF THE AMERICAS
died by George Yd, Jan Franco, and Joan Fores
Volume 11 Mesicon Mascalnes
Rotert McKee Irvin
Volume 10 Capi omen: Oblivion and Memory in Argentina
‘Sostna Rotter °-¢
Volume 9 Bander Womens Writing fom La Frontera
Debra A Csillo and Maria SoeoroTabuenca Cord
Volume 8 Masking ad Power: Carnival and Popular Culture in the
Coribbeon
Gecad Aching
Volume 7 Scenes from Postmodern Life
esr Salo
Volune 6 Consumers and Cicer: Globaition and Mulbicltural
Conte
Neste Garis Canc
Volume 5 Masi in Cuba
‘Aj Carpentie
Volume 4 Infiies Exploring Fictions of Barren Bodies
RobiaTath Goodman
Volune 3 Laie Americana
Tomé dls Carpe
Volume 2 Disdenifctions: Quer of Color and the Performance
of ales
Jat Fetsan Meuor
Volume 1 The Fence andthe River: Clture and Poltes atthe
(US-Mesco Border
(hie Fox
MEXICAN
MASCULINITIES
Robert McKee Irwin
Calturl Studies ofthe Amerteas
University of Minnesota Press
Minmeapos
LondonLOS 41 MARICONES
’ncontrados en un lrtile +
ala Pas 20 de Nove n':
oe
Appt estén los Maricones
MUY CHULOS Y COQUETONES.
Braid “Lo 41 marc Aa etn los marcos, ny culos
4 coqutons Here are th anes bry ete nd congue Ae
tool by ont Cusdlape Posada, 180% Cony of Harty Reson
Hamano Resa Coven, Univer of Tena of has
Introduction
The Hidden Vices of
los Hijos de la Chingada
El Antro Inmoral de Eneilecimiento
{Qu degra reed, sala, repaid po toss se
‘recone neds lcci mde dos egrets sve
‘rund lr open lye ii dt pope 1s os & lt
‘Sern lines conmoveores dea mara!
hace digrace ove degrade ned oe epee ol eer
Sonn cul no the eur cer ool rede lsing ees ©
‘he die ewe of pores and arto the ablieané moving eens
meal
‘Who have angered the above weer so remendouly that be would
unleash such invective apne them? What have dey done ha i 50
‘erie thahey ae tbe “repodited or all generations"? How have
they simultane threatened progrest and moraliy? The abore
atatr gots ont ace hem of having commited a horibl vie
1 el ce vio gu eon ena cop Sela pronicin mdse
Thnadoyre go aces borne lo dei, cot
hel ne smal del evi y de oeapion, oe rope
‘soos alos, pars no pura eu
ad he vi ht wie which velows om the cup of he mos
‘led wamonney ta hich kes aves of men abd denigats
them tothe pit at hy lt thera den lian ad
{ovrpn, wich belt shackle in hon Bs, 50 te
tno aver an become pare (Cara 165)
[Novelit Edaardo Casein ig ecandalied by che behavior of the
famous 4, a group of transvestites sree in 1901 when thee
private bal wat raided by the Mexico City police. Men dressed asToscano, Mara Enriqueta, and Nellie Campobello, and the none
sy fame of writers Antonieta Rives Metcado and Guadalupe Mati,
‘eeween national ecary heroine Sor Juana Ines de la Cut tn the
seventeenth century and Mexico's frercanonzed anon Rosaria Cas
telaos and Elen Garonhe fis and sities there wee osnajor
female writers in Mexico, agey due to persion sexism within na
tional terse isin. Indeed, che best-known women to have
wrinen in Mexico during its Sit 150 years following independence
from Spin are Sconsh visor FancesCaldern de la Barca and
‘Chilean guest Gilfieln Mista?
{eis surprise then hat tera construction of nation by canon
‘aed male writers should have been about men ad mascling, With
ihe most important being Federico Gem
boas San, the ery pertonages who represent Mens are men
Lizards Peiqilo Sarnientos the various bandos, good or bof
the nineteenth ceotuy from the novel of Iein, Pano, and Ignace
Aamicano (El Zarco};revoluonary leaders like Demro Maat
‘of Azula Los de abo: Marin Luis Guaman’sposreolutionary
audio: and Ralf's Pedo itamo and his sons This suds iapeed
by and complementary tothe shove mentioned feminist projec i
Inks she growing body of work on masculinity and homosemalty in
Mexico to ierary constructions ofthe nation by rereading the
‘heroic uses of masculiniy in canonical toms by offering come
emenary readings of lesser known text by elativly well nwa
tutors such a Jost Tomés de Calan, Angel de Cano, Nereor
XavieeVillasrtin, Novo, Francico Rojas Gonzle: by ncadiog
‘ex, often ttle Enowa, by women writers such at Beragin de
Toscano and Mac Luisa Gara, slong with beer known works by
Campobeio and Castellanos; and by searching out forgotten tex,
offen ead in thee dy a poplar tion (and cheefre na stu
ature incng Casein Los 4, alongwith ence Sion novels
of eugene and serogyny.
‘Theres of texts under consideration ate ear, then, bt in 8
bwoad seme. While here no dou thar the isin of chigh
Fe strove co construct a shared notion of Mescanness ring
‘he ene period covered here the ellecsienes of this enterprise must
nly a few exceptions,
ov ore At Ang Raa bas made a cidade
dei ah nto Meta cae sl pepe
‘Steels sor eared ssn oml rer
‘Sirs ons allel ond ana rahe
‘cma et ikng of ny bry per
try of encom or cd hse eee ay
ecinctinsin ey ware mares ug ey
ts rst ere Tis er ya he peo te
[yan bing we wey cies fap Bes
‘Deron o Mes eset pom mao! ete
‘tonton“heo lol yop Alay or eam
‘tudor pd let ee seo dl psig de mere
{De ese prs nse. Pw el pron, queda
sea, porno ue es [os ly Ane
ol dog iho of dr an owe col et
ay he edi of esas cle fore
tte ao, preg manele pent
sr iiay hve sel Ce ar 1), odo cae oe
‘ede nacho ele nd exe ap cease
‘Tac evento ear tp a poe
Sonatas gud Dame esl te paso
onl, igh Hate ln amo el he whole oro
const pao, Fr these ee we
Sondre erecting cope, owes po
rr snd cen ad tc) sen fr rae of
iri anh og Tes oo ain
pou pen of chan compe ad sere een ba
Specs vray of arate been ne fee
tna of Meno leas «Pein we of pe
Senos onc nd coc ech et ad ees
tnd pa» bar of Mveenes a a then
"Non ht os Mes wt he its st
chon wb Mosc and psd in Mesa Nos
‘pete on wht ne Msbans te aed OF ees+ ate works writen about Mexicans by forsgnes, works often pu
sted abroad andi ther langage. Cel, many Mexican novels
by Mexican authors were St publhedabrond, sometimes her
Iangsags, including not just books by margial.red authors such 3
Enriuet (El secret, Spin) and Gare (La novia de Nero. United
States, but also norels by canonied authors such ay Nev (El
baci, ance, in French) and even Azula (Los de bj, United
Sates). John Reeds Insurgent Mexico, according to sch an ep
‘emology,& stich a novel of the revoition ay Refeel Mur’
‘Vamanos on Banco Vila! nd Vilrea’s Pacho i a3 vada ex
oration of Mexicannes as Par El labernt de a soledad-—and i
' cling that che prox-Chicanoarcheype ofthe pacha is key to
oth works.
‘Mexico here is defined in neither pol, nor geographic, nor
‘cia, br cultural ems." Mexican erature by this deinion, ie
hide any ext that grow ou af, examin, shape or elle corey
oF not) Mexican culture" whether in Mexico or esewhere, Ths,
fen though the Mexicamnessofcizen of Menico Cy may die
in many ways from the Mexicanos of ucend- or thie-generation
‘umigrans in Southern California, both groupe lary Belceehey
share common elure as Mexicans, Cites such as lars Anzaldse
have argued ffecively tar che border prodeces ts own feagmented,
brid cule, ba his doesnot imply that Mesicanness doesnot
‘esp int the Borderlands of the southwestern United State: “Deep
‘nour hears we belive that bing Mexican has nothing to do with
which country one lives in. Being Mencanis a state of soul—not
oe of mind, not one of cizenship” (62). This Chicas inapited
vision of Mexicaness shapes his stay, allowing Mexianness to
scape the arial confines of geographic, linguist, and pial
ocd
Mercover notions of Mexicanness decribed by foreigners ao