MS-DOS
MS-DOS is a command line user interface. First introduced in 1981 for IBM
computers and was last update in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released.
MS-DOS History:
Year Event
1981 MS-DOS 1.0 was released on Aug, 1981.
1982 MS-DOS 1.25 was released on Aug, 1982.
1983 MS-DOS 2.0 was released on mar, 1983.
1984 Micro soft introduces MS-DOS 3.0 for IBM pc and MS-DOS 3.1 for
net works.
1986 MS-DOS 3.2 was released on Apr, 1986.
1987 MS-DOS 3.3 was released on Apr, 1987.
1988 MS-DOS 4.0 was released on July, 1988.
1988 MS-DOS 4.01 was released on Nov, 1988.
1991 MS-DOS 5.0 was released on Jun, 1991.
1993 MS-DOS 6.0 was released on Aug, 1993.
1994 MS-DOS 6.21 was released on Mar, 1994.
1994 MS-DOS 6.22 was released on Apr, 1994.
DOS: DISK OPERATING SYSTEM
DOS is a character based user interface (CUI). It is case insensitive. We can
operate the computer by using commands.
Commands are of 2 types: 1) Internal Commands
2) External Commands
Internal Commands:
1) CLS: To clear the screen.
2) DATE : To modify the date
3) TIME: To modify the time.
4) COPY : It copies data from one file to another file
Syntax: Copy <Source name> < destination name>
5) DEL : it delets all old files.
Syntax: del <file name>.
6) MD: makes a directory
Syntax: md <dir name>.
7) CD : change directory
Syntax: cd <directory name>.
8) RD : remove directory.
Syntax: rd <directory name>.
9) COPY CON : it is used to create a new file.
Syntax: copy con <file name>.
10) to view contents of file
Syntax: type <file name>.
Dir to display the root directory
Dir/ad display only directory not files.
Dir/a-d To display the all files without directory.
Dir to display the root directory
Dir/ah To display the all hidden files.
Dir/a-h To display the all non-hidden files.
Dir/as To display the all system files.
Dir/a-s To display the all non-system files.
Dir/ar To display the all read only files.
Dir/a-r To display the all non-read only files.
Dir/od To display the all files order by date(earlier).
Dir/o-d To display the all files order by date (latest).
Dir/0E To display the all files order by extension name [a-z].
Dir/0-E To display the all files order by extension name [z-a].
Dir/p To display the page by page.
Using attributes we can change file properties .
They are 4 attributes 1) hidden.
2) read only.
3) system.
4) archive files.
1) it is used to change the normal file to hidden file.
Syntax: attrib +h <file name>
Ex: attrib +h abc.
It is used to change hidden file to normal.
Syntax: attrib –h <file name>
Ex: attrib –h abc
2) it changes normal file to read only file
Syntax: attrib +R <file name>
Ex: attrib +R abc.
It is used to change read only file to normal file.
Syntax: attrib –R <file name>
Ex: attrib –R abc
3) it is used to change the normal file to system file.
Syntax: attrib +s <file name>
Ex: attrib +s abc.
It is used to change system file to normal file.
Syntax: attrib –s <file name>
Ex: attrib –s abc
4) it is used to change the normal file to pack up file they are used rarely.
Syntax: attrib +a <file name>
Ex: attrib +a abc.
It is used to change hidden file to normal.
Syntax: attrib –a <file name>
Ex: attrib –a abc
We can apply more than attribute to file.
Ex: attrib +r +h +s <file name>
EXTERNAL COMMANDS:
They are system level commands
1) format: erase all the data and recreates sectors.
2) Fdisk : it is used to allocate the partitions on storage device.
3) Mem: display the physical memory.
4) Erase: to delete the file .it is similar to delete(del).
5) Edit : to modify the content of existing file.
6) Move: it moves from one location to another location of file name given.
7) Xcopy: copies all the files including sub directories.
8) Sys: create start up files.
