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Electronic Components

The document discusses electronic components and circuits. It describes common passive components like resistors, capacitors, coils/inductors, and transformers. It also covers active components such as rectifiers, transistors, integrated circuits, and calculators. Specific examples provided include an analog to digital converter and an alarm circuit with a motion sensor. The alarm circuit uses light dependent resistors, an operational amplifier, and a voltage regulator. Drawings and calculations are provided for the alarm circuit design.

Uploaded by

Flavio Adrian Sisa Castro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

Electronic Components

The document discusses electronic components and circuits. It describes common passive components like resistors, capacitors, coils/inductors, and transformers. It also covers active components such as rectifiers, transistors, integrated circuits, and calculators. Specific examples provided include an analog to digital converter and an alarm circuit with a motion sensor. The alarm circuit uses light dependent resistors, an operational amplifier, and a voltage regulator. Drawings and calculations are provided for the alarm circuit design.

Uploaded by

Flavio Adrian Sisa Castro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

In an electronic system such as


radios, televisions, stereos or
computers, there are a lot of
elements that make
desmotivemos us to study
electronics, but these are
actually a few types or groups
that are collectively grouped
blocks called CIRCUITS.

Electronic circuits consisting of


interconnected electronic components.
These components are classified into
two categories: active or passive.
Among the passive resistors, capacitors
and inductors are included. The assets
considered include batteries (or
batteries), generators, vacuum tubes
and transistors, then observe a brief
introduction to the most important.
RESISTORS
Are the components that are in
electronic devices and their
function is basically to limit or

control the current in


the circuit. They are
mainly of two types:
fixed Fixed and
Variable Resistors

CAPACITORS
A capacitor is formed from two
metal plates separated by an
insulating material called a
"dielectric".
Its main function is to store
electricity temporarily. The fixed
capacitors are divided into
polarized or electrolyte that may
be of aluminum and tantalum,
and non polarized. These are
classified according to the type of
manufacturing polyester, mica,
ceramics and paper. The variable
capacitors are classified Air
dielectric capacitors and mica
dielectric capacitors.

COILS AND
TRANSFORMERS

The coils are also known and


inductors are formed by several
turns or windings of copper wire
wound together.
If several coils wound on the same
core transformer is formed. The main
function of the coils is to oppose the
change of current and transformers is
to increase or decrease the voltage and
current. The main types of coils are air
core, iron core and ferrite core. The
main types of transformers are:
strength or power, audio, pulse, and
RF.
RECTIFIERS DIODES
Are made of semiconductor
material and have two
components called anode
and cathode elements.
Its main function is to allow
current flow in one direction and

therefore its most important


application is to convert
alternating current to direct. The
main types are: the rectifier
diode, the zener diode, the light
emitting diode or LED, the SCR
(silicon controlled rectifier)
and the photodiode.
TRANSISTORS
The transistor is a
solid-state component
having three terminals or
leads. Its discovery and
industrialization marked the
beginning of a real electronic
revolution.
It has two main functions such as
signal amplifier, or electronic
suiche.
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
An integrated circuit is the
union of many components,
especially transistors and
diodes in one package or

encapsulation.
This is the most important
and used in modern
electronic component.
Thanks to it has been able to
achieve miniaturization and mass
production of all kinds of devices
such as radios, televisions,
radiotrasmisores, computers and
many others at low cost.
Its main function is to replace
complete circuits, which are
traditionally made with many
components, one component.
Two types of integrated circuits
and analog or digital linear

CALCULATOR ANALOG TO
DIGITAL CONVERTER

To this expo we will explain how


works a digital calculator and an
analog to digital converter.
First my partner will explain what
kind of electronic elements we
used for do this project.
Second will explain what do the
instruments in the electronic
circuit.
And finally will explain what do
the electronic circuit and how it
works.

For this project we use very


electronic elements, and then I
will said what kind of elements we
use for this project.

For the two projects we use


microchips burn.
For the digital calculator we use:

Six resistors of 10K ohms


Six resistors of 220 ohms
Twenty push buttons
Uno crystal of
20Mhz
Two capacitor of
22pf
One Microchip, the
microchip is 16F877A.
One LCD
One potentiometer

I will explain what do the


elements in this electronic circuit.
Whit microchips burn we put the
program in the microchip that we
use for this project.

The resistances are opposed to


the current and give us the
voltage levels for the buttons.
The potentiometers are variable
resistor and in this project we use
to voltage levels for de analog to
digital converter and to the
contrast of the LCD.
The buttons are our calculator
keys with them we give the
operation command to the micro.
Whit the capacitors and the
crystal we give to the micro the
operation frequency in this case
20MHz.

And finally we use the LCD like


the screen of our calculator.
I will explain how works the
digital calculator.
To create the calculator we use a
program called CCS compiler
where we did programming using
C language commands
Each switch him to a different
micro order, we take the order
and perform different operations
internally in the microcontroller.
This calculator has the following
operations, addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, square
root, and trigonometric
operations as:

Sen
Cos
Tan

And finally with micro we control


the LDC, after making operations

internally in the micro, data are


sent to the screen to generate a

graphical environment to make it


user friendly.

I will explain how works the


analog to digital converter.
Converter takes the voltage levels
that give the potentiometers and
converts digital signals to 10 bits.
With the buttons we choose which
of the potentiometers want to do
the conversion.
And finally
the data is

printed on the screen as in the


calculator.

ALARM WITH MOTION SENSOR


GENERAL PURPOSE
Design and implement an alarm
with motion sensor, using 3 topics
covered in the first half to put
what they have learned in handy.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Develop electronic circuit
designs in print.
Understanding the function
performed by the circuit.

PURPOSES
In the following report the final
draft of a motion sensor alarm for
the protection and safety is
described.
SCOPE

With this project we can realize


that we can design an alarm with
motion sensor with the
knowledge acquired during this
semester, said alarm is useful for
various needs.

THEORETICAL

The integrated circuit


LM358 is a device that
contains 2 separate
operational amplifiers,
high gain general
purpose.
The LDR sensor
A LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
is a resistor that varies its value
based on the received light,
the more light gets, the
lower its resistance.
A LDR is made of a high
resistance semiconductor
such as cadmium sulfide. If
the light falling on the
device is high-frequency
photons are absorbed by
the elasticity of the
semiconductor giving electrons
enough energy to jump the
conduction band. The resulting
free electron (and its associated

hollow) conducts electricity, so


that the resistance
Decreases

Regulador de voltaje 7805


Tienen tres terminales (voltaje de entrada,
masa y voltaje de salida) y
especificaciones similares
que slo difieren en la
tensin
de
salida
suministrada o en la
intensidad. La intensidad
mxima depende del cdigo intercalado
tras los dos primeros dgitos.
DRAWINGS AND
CALCULATIONS
ALARM WITH MOTION SENSOR

CONCLUSIONS:
Once implemented our design
can conclude that there are
different ways to make a motion
sensor alarm.
We design two LDR alarm since
no sale the PIR sensor.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Be careful with the acid and
keep it out of reach of children.
When welding is q be careful as
we can burn the plate.

When we will make the holes in


the plate, there are q be careful
because you can lose track.
Do not leave the plate in the
acid too long, because you can
lose track.

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