Scribd
Upload
48 views5 pages

Test 1 (2014 - 15) : S6 Biology

Peter is a construction worker who has become dehydrated from working in the sun without water. His hypothalamus detects the low water content and signals his pituitary gland to release more antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This causes his kidneys to conserve water by reabsorbing more from his urine. When he drinks water, his body regulates the content by releasing less ADH, causing his kidneys to produce dilute urine and remove the excess water. A kidney machine works by circulating a patient's blood through a coiled tube that allows waste to pass into a dialysis fluid while retaining important substances. Diabetes insipidus causes excessive urine production that can be treated with pituitary extract containing ADH, which

Uploaded by

lochiming8304
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views5 pages

Test 1 (2014 - 15) : S6 Biology

Peter is a construction worker who has become dehydrated from working in the sun without water. His hypothalamus detects the low water content and signals his pituitary gland to release more antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This causes his kidneys to conserve water by reabsorbing more from his urine. When he drinks water, his body regulates the content by releasing less ADH, causing his kidneys to produce dilute urine and remove the excess water. A kidney machine works by circulating a patient's blood through a coiled tube that allows waste to pass into a dialysis fluid while retaining important substances. Diabetes insipidus causes excessive urine production that can be treated with pituitary extract containing ADH, which

Uploaded by

lochiming8304
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

S6 BIOLOGY

Test 1 (2014 - 15)

Name:

Date: 19th Sept 2014

Class:

Time allowed: 25 minutes


Full mark: 25

1.

Marks

Class Number:

Peter is a construction worker. He works outside under the strong midday sun and has run out of water.
a.

Which part of Peters brain detects that he is in danger of getting dehydrated?

(1 mark)

b.

Which gland releases a hormone to regulate the water content in his blood?

(1 mark)

c.

Explain how and where regulation of water content in his blood is achieved.

(4 marks)

d.

When Peter goes back to the office. He drinks a large amount of water. Explain how his body reacts to
regulate the water content in his blood to remove the excess water.
(4 marks)

P.1

2.

The diagram below shows how a kidney machine works.

a.

State and explain the important property of the wall of tube X.

b.

Why tube X is coiled rather than straight?

c.

Explain why the dialysis fluid must contain essential salts, glucose and amino acids before it enters the
machine.
(2 marks)

P.2

(2 marks)

(1 mark)

Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which large volumes of dilute urine are excreted.
The volume of urine excreted each day by a patient with diabetes insipidus was recorded. On certain days the
patient received an injection of pituitary extract. The results are shown in the table below. The asterisks (*)
indicate the days on which pituitary extract was injected.
Day

Volume of urine (dm3)

Day

Volume of urine (dm3)

5.4

6.3

6.0

10

4.9

5.8

11

5.1

5.0

12

5.5

7.0

13*

1.5

5.7

14*

2.1

7*

1.9

15*

2.4

2.2

16*

1.7

State two physiological consequences to the body if diabetes insipidus is left untreated. (2 marks)

State the effect of the injection of pituitary extract on the volume of urine excreted each day.
(1 mark)

Name the component in the pituitary extract that brings about the effect stated in b. Describe how this
component works.
(3 marks)

P.3

Based on the answer in c, deduce two possible causes for the excretion of large volumes of urine.
(2 marks)

The volume of urine excreted on Day 8 differed from that on the other days when the patient received no
injection. Give a reason.
(1 mark)

Patients with diabetes mellitus also produce large volumes of urine. How can you distinguish diabetes
mellitus from diabetes insipidus from the urine of the patients?
(1 mark)

End of test

P.4

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology Chapter test

Answers

Answers
1. (a) Hypothalamus (1)
(b) pituitary gland (1)
(c) The receptors in hypothalamus detect the decrease in water content in blood. The hypothalamus
stimulates the pituitary gland which then secretes more ADH than usual. This makes the wall of the
collecting duct in the kidney become more permeable to water. Thus a larger proportion of water is
reabsorbed into the blood and a smaller volume of concentrated urine is formed. As a result, less water is
lost in the urine, and water is conserved. (1, 1, 1, 1)
(d)
The receptors in hypothalamus detect the increase in water content in blood. The hypothalamus
stimulates the pituitary gland which then secretes less ADH. This makes the wall of the collecting duct
become less permeable to water, so a smaller proportion of water is reabsorbed into the blood and a
larger volume of dilute urine is formed. As a result, excess water is removed. (1, 1, 1, 1)

2. a

the wall of tube X must be selectively (differentially) permeable. (1)


This allows small molecules such as urea and other waste products to diffuse out from the blood to
the dialysis fluid, while keeping bigger molecules such as plasma proteins and blood cells in the
blood.
(1)
b.
To increase surface area for faster rate of diffusion of substances between the blood and the
dialysis fluid.
(1)
c.
To ensure no net diffusion of essential salts, glucose and amino acids between the dialysis fluid
& blood. It will prevent the loss of these substances from the blood to the dialysis fluid. (2)

a
b
c

d
e
f

Feeling of excess thirst


1m
Excess loss of electrolytes / minerals from the body
1m
Volume of urine excreted was much reduced.
1m
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
1m
It increases the permeability of the wall of the collecting duct to water
1m
so that a greater proportion of water is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate.
1m
The pituitary gland is unable to produce sufficient ADH.
1m
The collecting duct is unable (not sensitive enough) to respond to ADH.
1m
Some ADH injected on Day 7 still remained in the body.
1m
Urine from patients with diabetes mellitus contains sugar. / Urine from patients with diabetes insipidus
contains no sugar.
1m

P.

You might also like