Chins Method

The Chins method required the test pile result of load-settlement relationship. The Chins
method just only to plot a graft which the settlement () / load (P) against settlement ().
Then the ultimate loads are deriving from the inverse slopes of the lines. Chins method
assumes the form of the load or deformation curve is hyperbolic and it is an empirical
method. It is useful in that if the result is plotted at the time of the test, deviation from the
expected curve is easily seen and the test procedure can be checked

1. PILE A

1st Cycle
Total Load,
Ave.
P
Sett,
(Tons)
(mm)

Table 1:

/P

690

0.37

1323

0.98

1975

1.72

2755

2.75

2006

2.49

1191

2.04

721

1.47

0
0.00053
6
0.00074
1
0.00087
1
0.00099
8
0.00124
1
0.00171
3
0.00203
9

0.95

2nd Cycle
0

0.95

0
0.00175
4

741

1.3

1368

1.82

2056

2.39

2710

2.97

3409

4.02

4050

5.38

4750

7.03

5365

8.78

6310

10.78

6761

14.73

6119

14.44

5427

14.08

4555

13.36

4059

13.03

3330

12.26

2632

11.59

1993

10.91

1402

10.23

0.00321
0.00368
2
0.00440
3
0.00547
4
0.00729
7

795

9.27

0.01166

8.03

Minus Residual
Sett.
/P
(mm)
0
0.35

0.00133
0.00116
2
0.00109
6
0.00117
9
0.00132
8

0.87

0.00148
0.00163
7
0.00170
8
0.00217
9

6.08

0.00236
0.00259
4
0.00293
3

1.44
2.02
3.07
4.43

7.83
9.83
13.78

0
0.00047
2
0.00063
6
0.0007
0.00074
5
0.00090
1
0.00109
4
0.00128
0.00145
9
0.00155
8
0.00203
8

Calculation for Graph /P against for Pile A

Graft 1: /P against for Pile A

Estimation of Qu Using First Cycle Result

Equation from graph:
y
=0.000187x + 0.000514
Slope of the plot:
m
=0.000187 kN-1
Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,
Qult
= 1/0.000187 kN-1
= 5,347.59kN
Estimation of Qu Using Minus Residual Result
Equation from graph:
y
=0.000111x + 0.000535
Slope of the plot:
m
=0.000111 kN-1
Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,
Qult
= 1/0.000111 kN-1
= 9,009.01 kN

2. PILE B
Table 2: Calculation for Graft /P against for Pile B
1st Cycle
Total Load,
P
(Tons)
0
215
500
699
953
726
470
246
0

Avg. sett.
(mm)
0
0.49
1.49
2.2
2.88
2.41
2.11
1.51
0.76

/P
0
0.002279
0.00298
0.003147
0.003022
0.00332
0.004489
0.006138
0

2nd Cycle
0
277
471
705
957
1163
1380
1622
1850
2076
2393
2200
1887
1655
1437

0.76
1.45
1.81
2.31
2.96
3.7
4.7
5.65
6.79
8.08
10.67
10.29
10.11
9.73
9.33

0
0.005235
0.003843
0.003277
0.003093
0.003181
0.003406
0.003483
0.00367
0.003892
0.004459
0.004677
0.005358
0.005879
0.006493

1156
968
733
504
281
0

8.62
8.1
7.53
6.71
5.83
3.98

0.007457
0.008368
0.010273
0.013313
0.020747
0

Minus Residual
Sett.
/P
(mm)
0
0
0.69
0.002491
1.05
0.002229
1.55
0.002199
2.2
0.002299
2.94
0.002528
3.94
0.002855
4.89
0.003015
6.03
0.003259
7.32
0.003526
9.91
0.004141

Graft 2: /P against for Pile B

Estimation of Ultimate Load, Qu Using First Cycle Result
Equation from graft:

=0.000323x + 0.002286

Slope of the plot:

=0.000323 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000323 kN-1
= 3,095.98 kN

Estimation of Ultimate Load, Qu Using Minus Residual Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000285x + 0.001544

Slope of the plot:

=0.000285 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000285 kN-1
= 3,508.77 kN

3. Pile C
Table 3: Calculation for Graft /P against for Pile C

Total
Load,P
(Tons)
0

1st Cycle
Avg
sett.
(mm)
0

2777

2.05

5082

4.18

2646
0

2.82
0.48

/P
0
0.0007
38
0.0008
23
0.0010
66
0

2nd Cycle
0

0.48

2751

2.4

4071

3.33

5078

4.18

6243

5.04

7479

7.23

6265

6.6

5105

5.94

4028

5.29

2785

4.44

1693
0

3.54
1.91

0
0.0008
72
0.0008
18
0.0008
23
0.0008
07
0.0009
67
0.0010
53
0.0011
64
0.0013
13
0.0015
94
0.0020
91
0

Minus Residual
Sett.

/P
(mm)
0
0
0.00069
1.92
8
2.85
3.7
4.56
6.75
6.12
5.46
4.81
3.96
3.06
1.43

0.0007
0.00072
9
0.00073
0.00090
3
0.00097
7
0.00107
0.00119
4
0.00142
2
0.00180
7
0

Graft 3: /P against for Pile C

Estimation of Qu Using First Cyle Result
Equation from graft:

=0.000196x + 0.000114

Slope of the plot:

=0.000196 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000196 kN-1
=5,102.04 kN

Estimation of Qu Using Minus Residual Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000117x + 0.000245

Slope of the plot:

=0.000117 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000117 kN-1
=8,547.01 kN

4. PILE D
Table 4: Calculation for Minus Residual Graft /P against for Pile D.

Total
Load,P
(Tons)
0

1st Cycle
Avg
sett.
(mm)
0

460
839

1.01
2.19

1283

3.98

1707

6.65

2189

10.52

1577

9.69

1083

8.78

527
0

7.7
5.88

/P
0
0.00219
6
0.00261
0.00310
2
0.00389
6
0.00480
6
0.00614
5
0.00810
7
0.01461
1
0

2nd Cycle
0

5.88

571

7.26

1090

8.37

1669

9.45

2114

10.72

2636

14.08

3188

19.87

3711

26.77

4257

34.77

4801

43.9

5320

55.1

5821

69.88

4206

67.96

0
0.01271
5
0.00767
9
0.00566
2
0.00507
1
0.00534
1
0.00623
3
0.00721
4
0.00816
8
0.00914
4
0.01035
7
0.01200
5
0.01615
8

Minus Residual
Sett.

/P
(mm)
0
0
0.00241
1.38
7
0.00228
2.49
4
0.00213
3.57
9
0.00228
4.84
9
0.00311
8.2
1
0.00438
13.99
8
0.00562
20.89
9
0.00678
28.89
6
0.00791
38.02
9
0.00925
49.22
2
0.01099
64
5

2702

65.25

1121
0

60.99
55.5

0.02414
9
0.05440
7
0

Graft 4: /P against for Pile D

Estimation of Qu Using First Cycle Result:

Equation from graft:

=0.000274x + 0.00199

Slope of the plot:

=0.000274 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000274 kN-1
= 3,649.64 kN

Estimation of Qu Using Minus Residual Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000156x + 0.001714

Slope of the plot:

=0.000156 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000156 kN-1
= 6,410.26 kN

PILE E
Table 5: Calculation for Minus Residual Graft /P against for Pile E.

Total
Load,P
(Tons)
0

1st Cycle
Avg
sett.
(mm)
0

724

0.43

984

0.69

1496

1.24

2014

1.92

2506

2.55

2984

3.25

3491

3.89

4013

4.6

4511

5.34

5222

6.57

3835

5.5

2957

4.28

1723
0

3.61
2.42

/P
0
0.00059
4
0.00070
1
0.00082
9
0.00095
3
0.00101
8
0.00108
9
0.00111
4
0.00114
6
0.00118
4
0.00125
8
0.00143
4
0.00144
7
0.00209
5
0

2nd Cycle

Graft
for

2.42

2.42

1366

3.37

3.37

2618

4.54

4.54

3765

5.65

5.65

5031

6.93

6.93

6286

8.54

8.54

7444

10.58

10.58

8751

13.64

13.64

9975

18.31

18.31

11056

106.46

106.46

9664

105.72

105.72

6566

103.48

103.48

3581

100.21

100.21

94.04

94.04

Minus Residual
Sett.
/P
(mm)
0
0
0.0006
0.95
95
0.0008
2.12
10
0.0008
3.23
58
0.0008
4.51
96
0.0009
6.12
74
0.0010
8.16
96
0.0012
11.22
82
0.0015
15.89
93
0.0094
104.04
10
0.0106
103.3
89
0.0153
101.06
91
0.0273
97.79
08
0.0000
91.62
00

5: /P
against
Pile E

Estimation of Ultimate Load, Qu Using First Cycle Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000100x + 0.000685

Slope of the plot:

=0.0001 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.0001 kN-1
= 10,000 kN

Estimation of Ultimate Load, Qu Using Minus Residual Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000085x + 0.000475

Slope of the plot:

=0.000085 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000085 kN-1
= 11,764.71 kN

5. PILE F
Table 6: Calculation for Minus Residual Graft /P against for Pile F.

Total
Load,P
(Tons)

1st Cycle
Avg
sett.
(mm)

288

0.59

613

1.18

832

1.58

1008

2.21

1349

2.75

1512

3.15

1649

3.42

1847

3.89

2064

5.61

2323

5.89

/P
0.00000
0
0.00204
9
0.00192
5
0.00189
9
0.00219
2
0.00203
9
0.00208
3
0.00207
4
0.00210
6
0.00271
8
0.00253
6

2613

6.34

1917

5.74

1290

4.72

641

3.58

2.16

0.00242
6
0.00299
4
0.00365
9
0.00558
5
0.00000
0

Minus Residual
Sett.
(mm)

2 nd Cycle
0

2.16

2.16

822

3.5

3.5

1.34

1090

3.78

3.78

1.62

1497

4.64

4.64

2.48

2002

5.34

5.34

3.18

2572

6.32

6.32

4.16

2737

6.81

6.81

4.65

2985

7.15

7.15

4.99

3270

7.8

7.8

5.64

3459

8.4

8.4

6.24

3708

9.14

9.14

6.98

3952

10.49

10.49

8.33

4192

11.34

11.34

9.18

4482

13.32

13.32

11.16

4737

14.99

14.99

12.83

4981

17.51

17.51

15.35

5217

21.29

21.29

19.13

5463

29.35

29.35

27.19

5696

38.68

38.68

36.52

5955
6237

51.83
75.2

51.83
75.2

49.67
73.04

/P
0.00000
0
0.00163
0
0.00148
6
0.00165
7
0.00158
8
0.00161
7
0.00169
9
0.00167
2
0.00172
5
0.00180
4
0.00188
2
0.00210
8
0.00219
0
0.00249
0
0.00270
8
0.00308
2
0.00366
7
0.00497
7
0.00641
2
0.00834
1
0.01171

1
4809
3206
1664
0

73.38
70.57
67.13
62.12

73.38
70.57
67.13
62.12

Graft 6: /P against for Pile F

Estimation of Ultimate Load, Qu Using First Cycle Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000126x + 0.001781

Slope of the plot:

=0.000126 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000126 kN-1
= 7,936.51 kN

Estimation of Ultimate Load, Qu Using Minus Residual Result

Equation from graft:

=0.000146x + 0.001009

Slope of the plot:

=0.000146 kN-1

Know that the inverse slope of the plot gives the ultimate capacity, thus
Ultimate Capacity of the pile,

Qult

= 1/0.000146kN-1
= 6,849.32 kN