Coordinate
Computation
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Structural Department - Year 1
(Planimetric Surveying 1)
SCM 221
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Available Surfaces
Terrain
Only available tangible surface
Earth physical surface
Non uniform shape
No geometric characteristics
No calculations
All surveying measurements are taken on this surface
Geoid
Imaginary non uniform surface
No geometric characteristics
No calculations
Equipotential surface
MSL surface used as datum for heights
Direction of Gravity to the Geoid
Vertical axis of any instrument takes gravity direction
HGeoid=0
to the Geoid
Computational Surface
Imaginary Uniform Geometric surface
Used for calculations
Fitting Earth or part of the terrain as much as possible
2
Plane (L<10km & A<50km 2 ) Sphere (10km<L<20km & 50km 2<A<300km2 ) Ellipsoid (L>20km & A>300km )
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Coordinate Systems
Type of Coordinate Systems
1- Geographic or geodetic coordinate systems ( , , h) or ( X , Y , Z )
2- Plane coordinates
Polar (r,) and Cartesian (X,Y) or (E,N) True North at point p
z Meridian of point P
Geographic coordinate system
1- Geodetic Curvilinear Coordinates
Latitude , Longitude , height h
Perpendicular to Earths surface
NP
P
h
= 0 90 N or S
= 0 360 or 180E 180W
2- Geocentric Cartesian Coordinates
x, y, z
Transformation is possible
between Curvilinear and
Cartesian coordinates
z
o
Equatorial plane
=90
y
Part of sphere
=0
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Coordinate Systems
Why we use coordinate systems?
-No accumulation of errors
-Easy to use with computers
-Transformation of coordinates among different systems
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Plane Coordinate System
Polar coordinate system
r is the distance of the point from the origin
to the point P
is the angle between the polar axis and the
ray extending from the origin to point P
Cartesian coordinate system
Coordinates of point
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
Components of a line
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Whole Circle Bearing
Azimuth of a line (Whole Circle Bearing WCB)
It is the angle measured from North direction to the line clockwise direction.
270 360 B
E ve
N ve
180 270
E ve
N ve
o 90
E ve
A
N ve
90 180
A
E ve
N ve
NB. If negative, then add 360, If 360 then subtract 360
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Forward & Backward Bearing
Relation between Forward and Backward bearing
BA AB 180
if AB 180
if AB 180
Ex:
AB 227 BA 227 180 47
AB 118 BA 118 180 298
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Quadrant Bearing
Quadrant Bearing (Reduced Bearing RB)
( )
Q 0 90
Ex:
If 240
Q 240 180 60
NE
NW
S 60W
SW
SE
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Main Concept
Calculation of an angle between 2 bearings
AC AB B A C
Angle always in clockwise direction
Calculation of components of a line from length
and bearing
E AB LAB sin AB
N AB LAB cos AB
If coordinates of A are given, then:
EB EA LAB sin AB
N B N A LAB cos AB
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Calculation of Length and Bearing
Calculation of length of a line from coordinates
E AB EB E A
N AB N B N A
2
2
LAB E AB
N AB
Calculation of bearing of a line from coordinates
E ve
Q AB tan -1
N ve
E AB
AB 360 Q AB
N AB
First without signs, then take sign
into consideration
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
E ve
E ve
N ve
AB QAB
E ve
N ve
N ve
AB 180 Q AB AB 180 Q AB
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
Coordinate
Computation
Solved Example
Line AB was obstructed by a pond as shown in Figure.
The following were measured:
AC = L1 = 40.69m, CE = L2 = 30.53m,
ED = L3 = 29.38m and DB = L4 = 34.83m.
If the bearing of AB= 121 38' 56" and
CE= N 81 27' 14" E, calculate:
a) Length of AB in Yards.
b) Bearing of DE in Grad.
=121 38' 56" QCE =N 81 27' 14" E
AB
CE = 81 27' 14"
ECD = CD - CE = AB - CE = 121 38' 56" - 81 27' 14"
ECD = 40 11' 42"
ED
CE
29.38
30.53
sin ECD sin CDE
sin 4011' 42'' sin CDE
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
10
Coordinate
Computation
Solved Example
CDE= 42 07' 03"
DEC = 180 CDE ECD = 9741' 15"
CD2 = CE2 + ED2 2.CE.ED. Cos DEC
CD = 45.11m
AB = AC+CD+DB = 40.69+45.11+34.83 = 120.63m
AB = 131.92 Yards
CDE = DE - DC
DE = CDE + DC = CDE + BA
DE = 4207' 03" + 12138' 56" + 180
DE = 34345' 59"
DE = 381g 96c 27cc
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
11
Coordinate
Computation
Solved Example
For the shown electric cables configuration, the following are given:
The coordinates of A (256.78m, 388.40m), the reduced bearing of AB = N75 25'
40"E, the coordinates of C (310.25m, 505.32m) and the angle ADC = 65 20' 50",
Calculate coordinates of D.
Given LDB = 123m, calculate the coordinates of B.
Check if electric tower E(410.25m,605.32m) lie on the path of the cable AB.
EAC = 310.25 256.78 = 53.47m, NAC = 505.32 388.40 = 116.92m
LAC = 128.57m, QAC = N24 34' 32.25"E, AC = 24 34' 32.25",
angle CAD = AD AC = 75 25' 40" - 24 34' 32.25" = 50 51' 7.75",
128.57 / sin65 20' 50" = LCD / sin50 51' 7.75",
LCD = 109.71m,
65 20' 50" = DC DA,
DA = 75 25' 40" + 180 = 255 25' 40",
DC = 320 46' 30",
CD = 320 46' 30" 180 = 140 46' 30"
ED = EC + LCD sinCD = 379.63m
ND = NC + LCD cosCD = 420.33m
EB = ED + LDB sinDB
= 498.67m
NB = ND + LDB cosDB = 451.28m
Dr Ahmed Ragheb
Lecture 4
SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1
12
