Introduction to PQView and PQWeb

Wieslaw Jerry Olechiw

Vice President of International Sales & System
Sales
Dranetz and Electrotek Concepts

Who Uses PQView Today?

United States/Canada
American Electric Power
Alabama Power Company
Baltimore Gas and Electric
CMS Energy
CPS Energy San Antonio
Con Edison New York
Detroit Edison Company
Dominion Virginia Power
Duke Energy Corporation
EnerNex Corporation
Entergy Services
EPRI
FirstEnergy
Georgia Power Company
Hawaiian Electric Company
Hydro One Networks
Hydro Ottawa
Maui Electric Company
NIST
Nebraska Public Power District
Northeast Utilities
Public Service Electric and Gas
Company
Public Service of New Hampshire
Salt River Project
San Diego Gas and Electric

Southern California Edison

Southern Company
Tennessee Valley Authority
United Illuminating Company
Wisconsin Public Service
Wireless from AT&T
Asia-Pacific
Ausgrid Sydney
Companhia de Electricidade
de Macau (CEM)
Guangdong Power Grid
Guangxi Power Grid Company
Hebei Electric Power Company
Henan Power Company
North China Power Grid
Orion New Zealand
Provincial Electricity Authority
Shandong Provincial Electrical Power
Corporation
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power
Company
Shanghai Jiu Long Electric Power Science
& Technology Company
Shanxi Power Company
Yunnan Power Grid Corporation
Transpower New Zealand
Latin America
Central Hidroelctrica de Caldas
Operador Nacional do Sistema Elctrico
2

Europe
Agder Energi Nett AS
BKK Nett AS
CEE Energiteknikk AS
Central Networks (E.ON)
DEM Slovenia
Elektro Slovenia
Elektrobistand
Hlogaland Kraft AS
Helgelandskraft AS
Hydro Aluminium AS
Hrvatska Elektroprivreda (HEP)
Istad Nett AS
Lyse Nett AS
Nordmre Energiverk AS
Notodden Energi AS
PSE-Operator
Rdy-Lury Kraftverk AS
SFE Nett AS
Skagerak Nett AS
SINTEF
Statnett
StatoilHydro
Sunnfjord Energi AS
Sweco Grner AS
Tafjord Kraftnett AS
Tussa Nett AS
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

What data is stored in a PQView Database?

Circuit
Breaker
Operations

Data Logs

RMS Samples

Waveform
Samples

Event Causes

PQView
Database

Geospatial
Attributes

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

What are the data sources

for a PQView Database?
Digital Fault
Recorders

Energy
Meters

Microprocessor
Relays

Power Quality
Monitors

SCADA Logs

PQView
Database

System
Models

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

What analysis functions are offered by

PQView?
Event
Analysis

Compliance
Summaries

Reports

PQView
Database

Notifications

Indices

Fault
Analysis and
Location

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Components of PQView 3

Desktop
Applications

Web
Applications

PQView
Database

Developer
Tools

PQ Data
Manager
(PQDM)

PQWeb

Microsoft Access

Software
Developers Kit
(SDK)

PQ Data
Analyzer (PQDA)

WebPQView

Microsoft SQL
Server

PQDIF Library
(PQDCOM4.DLL)

PQView Express

GIS Fault
Visualizer

PQView ActiveX
Libraries

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Companies that Produce Power System Sensors or

Software Integrated by PQView Users Today
Advantech

Grounded Power

Arbiter Systems

HIOKI

Cooper Power Systems CYME

Landis+Gyr

Dranetz

Linbo

Edison Electric Institute

OSIsoft

EDMI

Power Monitors, Inc. (PMI)

Electro Industries

PSL Power Standards Labs

Electrotek Concepts

Qualitrol/LEM Instruments

E-MAX Instruments

SATEC

Fluke/Reliable Power Meters

Schneider Electric/Power Measurement

General Electric

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL)

GL Industrial Group/Stoner Software

SynerGEE Electric

Siemens

Gossen Metrawatt

Unipower

GridSense

Utility Systems Inc. (USI)

SoftSwitching Technologies

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

IEEE COMTRADE Files

SEL Relays

SEL 5045 acSELerator

Team Software
PQView
PQ Data Manager
GE
EnerVista

GE Relays

Qualitrol Relays

BEN32 Master
Station Software

COMTRADE
Folders
PQView Database

Other Relays

Softstuf Wavewin
Data Collection
SUBNET Solutions
SubSTATION Server
8

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Signature System/Encore Series

InfoNode Server

HTTP or Telephone
Modem Connection

PQView PQ
Data Manager

IEEE 1159.3 PQDIF Files

PQView Database
DataNodes

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Integration with ION Enterprise

or WinPM.Net Database
Requires installation of optional ION Enterprise Database Data
Handler
Telephone or
Ethernet
Connections

PQView PQ
Data Manager

ION Enterprise

ION and ACM

Meters

ION
Enterprise
Database
10

PQView
Database
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

OSIsoft PI System
Requires installation of optional OSIsoft PI SDK and Electrotek
PiSlicer Library
PI SDK

PiSlicer Library

PQView PQ Data
Manager

PiSlicer

PQView
Databases

PI Server

PI Server

PI Server

11

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Integration
with Dranetz Portable Monitors
Power Xplorer
PQView PQ Data
Manager
Power Guide

DDB Files

Power Visa

PQView
Database
Energy Platform EP-1

12

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

More Data Sources

Cooper Power Systems CYME
Dranetz PES Databases
Electro Industries/General Electric
Communicator Log EPM Files
Fluke/Reliable Power Meters
(RPM) Omega and Scenario
Databases
GL Industrial Group/Stoner
Software SynerGEE
Gossen Metrawatt Portable
Monitors

GridSense PowerView
GroundedPower Text Files
HIOKI Text Files
Landis+Gyr Text Files
PQView Text File Formats
PQView Databases
SATEC PAS Databases
Siemens SICARO PQ Manager Text
Files
SoftSwitching Technologies I-Grid
Web Site

www.pqview.com/data-sources/
13

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Custom Data Sources

Alabama Power Company SCADA Database
Con Edison AMR Databases
Ergon Energy Australia AMR Database
Progress Energy Feeder Management System Database
Provincial Electric Authority (PEA) Thailand AMR Database

14

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Dranetz PQNode 8010

Monitors

Proprietary Dialup

PQNode
Data Files
InfoNode Servers

File Share

MMS via WAN

HTTP
via LAN

Dranetz DataNode 5530

Monitors

InfoNode Servers
PQView

HTTP via RAS

Dranetz DataNode 61000
Monitors

HTTP
via LAN
HTTP via Frame Relay

InfoNode Servers

Schneider Electric
ION Meters

HTTP
via LAN
ION Server

SEL and GE Relays

LAN

File
Share
Microsoft
SQL Server

Frame Relay
EnerVista Download Server

COMTRADE
Files
LAN

GE XA/21
PI SDK
SCADA RTU Sensors

ECC PI Server

PQView
Databases

PQView Event Analysis

Waveform Samples for Voltage Sag

Duration: 0.08333s Minimum: 50.29%
Va

Vb

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

In

Voltage (%)

100
50
0
-50
-100

RMS Samples for Voltage Sag

Duration: 0.08333s Minimum: 50.29%
Va

-200

0.00

Vb

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

In

100

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10
Time (s)

0.12

Voltage (%)

Current (A)

200

Electrotek/EPRI

90
80
70
0.14
60

0.16

0.18
PQView

Current (A)

50
200
150
100
50
0
0.00

16

Electrotek/EPRI

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20
0.25
0.30
Time
(s)2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
PQView

Derivations from Waveform

and RMS Samples
Reactance-to-Fault
Radial Fault Location

Missing Voltage and Delta Current from First

Cycle or from Ideal Waveform

Spectrum Charts

Symmetrical Components

Delta Symmetrical Components

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 12 Cycle Windows

Phasors and Harmonic Phasors

Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output

High-Pass Filter and Low-Pass Filter

Line Frequency during Event

First Derivative , Second Derivative, Third

Derivative, and Squared ValueTime

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

DC Component, Fundamental Component,
and Harmonic Trends during Event

Mean Values and RMS Values

Load Resistance, Load Reactance, Load
Impedance, and Load Impedance Angle

Links to Map Viewer and Trend Viewer

Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent

Power, and Energy

IEEE P1159.2 Point-in Wave Characteristics

Delta Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent

Power, and Energy

Dranetz Event Characteristics

IEEE P1159.2 RMS Characteristics

IEEE P1159.2 Missing Voltage Characteristics
Digital Status Changes

Characteristic Voltage

Operations Summary

Waveform Transformation
17

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Examples of PQView Event Derivations

Substation Bus - 1/12/2007 14:48:08.0060
Va

Vb

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

Voltage (V)

20000
10000
0
-10000

Substation Bus - 1/12/2007 14:48:08.0060

-20000

Reactance to Fault

Voltage (V)

2BC

0
Electrotek/EPRI

0.05

0.10
Time (s)

Vb

Vc

Vab

Vbc

Vca

Ib

Ic

Iab

Ibc

Ica

XTF

Ia

20000
15000
3ABC
10000

0.15
6000

Current (A)

-5000

Va
25000

4000

Reactance (O)

Current (A)

5000

20

0.20

0.25
PQView

2000
0
40

1.676

2BC

0
0

0.05

3ABC

0.10

0.15

1.686

0.20

0.25

Time (s)

18

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Examples of PQView Event Derivations

Substation ION 7700 - 2/1/2003 09:30:31.5377
Va

Vb

106

Substation ION
Qb 7700 - 2/1/2003 09:02:54.1855
Qc

Qa

105

-450

104

-500

1-Cycle FFT Va from -0.01735 to -0.0008137 s

Substation ION 7700 - 2/1/2003 09:02:54.1855

Total Harmonic Distortion

4.0
Va

-550

400

-0.10 380 -0.05

Electrotek/EPRI
-0.10

-600
-650
RMS
104.9
Fund
104.4
DC
0.04575
Max
108
Min
-113.6
CF
1.532
FF
1.110
THD Fund 9.73%
0.10
0.15
THD RMS 9.68%
HRMS Time10.16
(s)
Phase Jump 2.380

-700
-750
-800
-8500.05
-900

-950
-0.05
-1000

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

0.05

Electrotek/EPRI

-0.1

8
3.0
6

THD (%)
Voltage (%)

420

Vb

10
3.5

42.5
22.0

00.20
1.5
25

0.10 201.0 0.15

Time (s)
15
0.5
0
10
5 0

Electrotek/EPRI
Electrotek/EPRI

0.25

THD (%)

0
Current (A)

Current (A)

Ic

Reactive Power

103

-500

Ib

Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
Substation
ION 7700
- 2/1/2003
09:30:31.5377

Vb

Reactive Power (kvar)

500

Va

107

-100

Ia

RMS

50

Voltage (%)

Voltage (%)

100

-50

Vc

Substation ION 7700 - 2/1/2003 09:02:54.1855

0
-0.10

0.30

0.20

0.35
PQView
0.30
0.35

0.25

0.1

0.2

PQView
0.3

Time (s)
10
-0.05

Electrotek/EPRI

20
0

30
40
Frequency (60 Hz Harmonic)
0.05
0.10
0.15
Time (s)

PQView
50
60
0.20

0.25

0.30
0.35
PQView
PQView

19

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Examples of PQView Event Derivations

Substation DL-8000 - 2/1/2003 00:36:16.3698

Voltage (kV)

Vab

Vbc

Vca

Ia

Ib

Ic

10

Substation DL-8000 - 2/1/2003 00:36:16.3698

-10

Frequency

Avg(Frequency)

50.08
0
50.06
-1
-2
0.0

Electrotek/EPRI

0.2

0.4

0.6

Frequency (Hz)

Current (kA)

50.10
1

50.04

50.02
0.8
1.0
Time (s)

1.2

1.4

1.6
PQView

50.00
49.98
49.96
49.94
0.0

0.2

0.4

20

0.6

0.8
Time

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Data Logs

Substation - V RMS A, V RMS B, V RMS C
from 2/1/2003 to 3/1/2003

Substation
RMS
RMS
B,
Max[V RMS A] (kV)- VMin[V
RMS B] A,
(kV) V Avg[V
RMS B]
(kV) V RMS C

Min[V RMS A] (kV)

Avg[V RMS A] (kV)

Max[V RMS B] (kV)

Min[V RMS C] (kV)

Avg[V RMS C] (kV)

from
Max[V2/1/2003
RMS C] (kV)to 3/1/2003

Relative Frequency
30%

7.0

5.5

24183
6.785
7.105
7.299
0.5141
0.08452
6.826
6.931
7.068
7.121
7.162
7.215
7.244
0.04703

25%
Relative Frequency

6.0

Count
Min
Avg
Max
Range
St Dev
CP01
CP05
CP25
CP50
CP75
CP95
CP99
SI Range

80%

20%

60%

15%
40%
10%
20%

5%
1 Sat
Feb 2003
EPRI/Electrotek

8 Sat

100%

15 Sat
0%Time

22 Sat

Cumulative Frequency

6.5

Cumulative Frequency

1 Sat

0%
PQView 7.2
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
Avg[V RMS A] (kV), Avg[V RMS B] (kV), Avg[V RMS C] (kV)

EPRI/Electrotek

PQView
21

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Data Logs

Voltage THD versus Real Power
From 1/1/2008 to 2/1/2008
V THD A (%)

P A (MW)

3.5

3.0
2.5

Voltage THD versus Real Power

2.0

From 1/1/2008 to 2/1/2008

12.0

1.5
12

11.5
11.0

10

10.5

10.0

8
7
8 Tue

15 Tue
Time

P A (MW)

MW

11

1 Tue
Jan 2008
Electrotek/EPRI

R=0.4343

9.5
9.0
22 Tue
8.5

1 Fri
PQView

8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
1.5

2.0

Electrotek/EPRI

2.5
V THD A (%)

3.0

3.5
PQView

22

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Phasor and Harmonic Analysis

Sample Site 2
05/01/1995 04:03:57
0

-120

Vc

Ia

+120

120

Va

Vb

Ib
CP Ic95 Values
90
Service Entrance 5530, From 2/1/2003 to 3/1/2003
60

Waveform Measured at Arc Furnace

Va

Vb

150

12-Cycle DFT for Va from0 toVc

0.1998 s

30

4.0
0.025

3.5
3.0

0.5
RMS:
Fund:
Max:
Min:
CF:
FF:
THD Fund:
THD RMS:
TID Fund:
270
TID RMS:
HRMS:
Phase Jump:

2.5
2.0210
1.5
240

1.0
EPRI/Electrotek

0.5

1.0

1.429
1.429
1.404
-1.403
330
1.389
1.113
2.18%
300
2.18%
1.12%
1.12%
0.03117
0

0.0
THD

Voltage (%)

Voltage (%)

180

Electrotek/EPRI

0.020

0.015

0.010

PQView
0.005

11

13

23

17
PQView

0.000
Electrotek/EPRI

15

100

200

300
Frequency(Hz)

400

500

600

PQView
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights
reserved.

RMS Voltage Variation Analysis

RMS Variation Magnitude-Duration Scatter Plot

Single Site, From 1/1/1996 To 1/1/2003

SARFI-90

SARFI-85

SARFI-70

50

1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4

40
30
20
10

0.2

0.0
10-3

10-2

10 -1
100
101
Duration (s)

10 2

1997

103

1998

1999

2000
Month

2001

SARFI Rates by Year

Selected Sites, From 2/1/2003 To 3/1/2003

Selected Sites, From 1/1/1996 To 1/1/2003

0.4
0.2

0.0
yc
< 11cccyyccc
23 cyyc
4 c cyc c
5 cy c
10 cy
6 toto 2 0 0 cycyc
10 0 to 3 60 c sec
2 0 to 2
c
3 1 to 5 se ec
o
2 t 10 s se c
o
5 t o 30 sec
t
0
c
Du
10 to 6
se
ra
0
c
30
tio
12
se
0
to
n
12
60
>

85
7850 toto 90
6750t toto78805
0 too 705
56
5
5 t 6
4 0t o6 5
)
4 5 t o 55 0
3 0 to o 5 0
(%
30 5 to 4 45
e
d
25 to 3 0
tu
5
2 0 to
ni
1 5 to 3 0
ag
M
10 to 2 25
0
to
5
ge
1
to
lta
0
10 5
to
Vo
5

SARFI-ITIC - Events per 365 Days

0.6

2003
PQView

Sag and Interruption Rate Magnitude-Duration Column Chart

Events per Site per 30 Days

2002

PQView Electrotek/EPRI

Electrotek/EPRI

10

0
1996

Electrotek/EPRI

SARFI-50

60

Events per 30 Days

Voltage Magnitude (pu)

Site Name
Service Entrance 3100
Service Entrance 5530
Service Entrance 5540
Service Entrance 5571
Service Entrance 7100
Service Entrance 7700
Substation 3720
Substation 5530
Substation 7700
Substation 8010
Substation DFR

SARFI Rates by Month

Selected Sites, From 2/1/2003 To 3/1/2003

2.0
Total Events: 47
1.8
Events Violating ITIC Lower Curve: 14
Events Violating ITIC Upper Curve: 0
1.6

PQView Electrotek/EPRI

24

1997

1998

1999
Year

2000

2001

2002

PQView
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transformed waveforms
6 6k V M ea su re d - 5 /0 9/2 010 04 :3 1:2 9.5006
Vab

V bc

Vca

70 0 00

65 0 00

Voltage (V)

60 0 00

55 0 00

50 0 00

45 0 00

40 0 00
0

0 .5

1 .0

1. 5

2. 0

2. 5

Tim e ( s)
P o we r Q u a lity S o lu tio n s

P Q Vie w

25

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transformed waveforms
6 6k V M ea su re d - 5 /0 9/2 010 04 :3 1:2 9.5006
Vab

V bc

Vca

70 0 00

65 0 00

Voltage (V)

60 0 00

55 0 00

50 0 00

45 0 00

40 0 00
0

0 .5

1 .0

1. 5

2. 0

2. 5

Tim e ( s)

22kV Transformed L-L Load - 5/09/2010 04:31:29.5006

P o we r Q u a lity S o lu tio n s

Vab

Vbc

Vca

21000

1 delta-star
1 delta-star
L-L
L-L

20000

Voltage (V)

P Q Vie w

19000
18000
17000
16000
15000
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Time (s)
Event Description:
Power Quality Solutions

PQView

26

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transformed waveforms
6 6k V M ea su re d - 5 /0 9/2 010 04 :3 1:2 9.5006
Vab

V bc

Vca

70 0 00

65 0 00

Voltage (V)

60 0 00

55 0 00

50 0 00

45 0 00

40 0 00
0

0 .5

1 .0

1. 5

2. 0

2. 5

Tim e ( s)

3.3kV Transformed 2Tx L-L Load - 5/09/2010 04:31:29.5006 P Q Vie w

P o we r Q u a lity S o lu tio n s

Vab

Vbc

Vca

3200
3100

2 delta-star

3000

Voltage (V)

2900
2800

L-L

2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
0.0

0.2

0.4
Time (s)
Event Description:

Power Quality Solutions

0.6

0.8

1.0

27
PQView

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transformed waveforms
6 6k V M ea su re d - 5 /0 9/2 010 04 :3 1:2 9.5006
Vab

V bc

Vca

70 0 00

65 0 00

Voltage (V)

60 0 00

55 0 00

50 0 00

45 0 00

40 0 00
0

0 .5

1 .0

1. 5

2. 0

2. 5

Tim e ( s)
P o we r Q u a lity S o lu tio n s

P Q Vie w

415V Transformed 2Tx L-N Load - 5/09/2010 04:31:29.5006

Va

Vb

Vc

230

22 delta-star
delta-star

220

L-N
L-N

Voltage (V)

210
200
190
180
170
-0.1

0.0

0.1

Power Quality Solutions

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
0.6
Time (s)
Event Description:

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

28

PQView

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transformed waveforms
2 delta-star

3.3kV Transformed 2Tx L-L Load - 5/09/2010 04:31:29.5006

6 6k V M ea su re d - 5 /0 9/2 010 04 :3 1:2 9.5006

Vab

V bc

Vca

Vab

Vbc

Vca

L-L

3200

70 0 00

3100
3000

65 0 00

2900
Voltage (V)

Voltage (V)

60 0 00

55 0 00

2800
2700
2600
2500
2400

50 0 00

2300
2200

45 0 00

2100
40 0 00

0.0
0

0 .5

1 .0

1. 5

2. 0

0.2

0.4

2. 5

22kV Transformed L-L Load - 5/09/2010 04:31:29.5006

P o we r Q u a lity S o lu tio n s

Vab

Vbc

1.0

415V Transformed 2Tx L-N Load - 5/09/2010 04:31:29.5006

Vb

PQView

Vc

230

2 delta-star

220

L-N

210
Voltage (V)

19000

0.8

Power Quality Solutions

Va

1 delta-star
1 delta-star
L-L
L-L

20000

Voltage (V)

P Q Vie w

Vca

21000

0.6

Time (s)
Event Description:

Tim e ( s)

18000

200
190

17000

180
16000

170
15000
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

-0.1

Time (s)
Event Description:
Power Quality Solutions

PQView

0.0

0.1

29Power Quality Solutions

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Time (s)
Event Description:
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
PQView

PQWeb Analysis via Internet

30

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQWeb Analysis via Internet

31

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQWeb Analysis via Internet

32

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Application Study

Guangdong Power, Guangzhou, China
Provides transmission service for
38GW of load to Guangdong
Province in Southeast China
Monitors network with DranetzBMI DataNodes and Power
Measurement ION meters
Measurements available on
intranet with Chinese user
interface
Measurements record DC
transmission line performance
during monopole ground return
mode

33

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Application Examples

Fault Location
System Performance
Integration of Power System Measurements with GIS
Standards Compliance

34

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fault Location Systems with PQView

Hydro-Qubec
Detroit Edison

San Diego
Gas & Electric

Wisconsin
Public Service

United
Illuminating

American Electric Power

Con Edison

Georgia Power
Company

35

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fault Locating Process at Con Edison

PQ Meter
Captures
Waveforms

Feeder Trips
due to Fault

PQView
Calculates
Reactance

Match Reactance
To Feeder Model

Single-Phase Fault Evolves

Single-Phase
into Two-Phase
Fault Evolves into Two-Phase
Vb
Voltage (kV)

20
0

Va Ia

Vb

Ib

Vc

Ic Ia

Ib

Ic

15.0

Visual
Fault
Locator

12.5

-5
0.00

0.05

Current (kA)

-20

XTF

17.5

10.0

5
Current (kA)

Vc

Reactance (ohms)

Voltage (kV)

Va

10.0

2
1

7.5

Dispatch
Crews

5.0
2.5

1B

0.10
Time (s)

2.195

2AB

2.216

0.15
0.05

EPRI/Electrotek

36

0.10
Time
PQView
(s)

0.15

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

RTF Performance
On average, use of the Reactance-to-Fault for fault location
saves one hour per feeder restoration job because it saves use
of capacitive discharge thumpers and DC hi-pot
Recent Results for Manhattan:
Year

0-1 MH

1-3 MH

3-5 MH

5-10 MH

> 10 MH

2009

64%

24%

5%

2%

6%

2010

67%

14%

5%

3%

11%

2011

64%

20%

8%

3%

5%

Summer 2012

76%

14%

4%

4%

1%

37

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example Correlation of Feeder Fault Event

with PI Event from SCADA Operation
50THST - 2/25/2010 08:56:10.0650
Va

Vb

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

Voltage (kV)

20

0
-10

50BX13E.DX
2/25/2010 08:56:12.0233
W50ST BKR 13E 39M54
CLOSE-TRIP

5000
Current (A)

Operation
Point Name
Time Stamp
Value
Description

10

-5000

1C

0
Electrotek/EPRI

Reference Cycle = 131

38

6
Time (c)

10
PQView
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example Correlation of Feeder Reclose

Event with PI Event from SCADA Operation
50THST - 12/24/2010 22:25:48.3130
Va

Vb

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

Voltage (kV)

10

50BX41W.DX
12/24/2010 22:25:52.0059
W50ST BKR 41W5M90
TRIP-CLOSE

0
-5
-10
2000

Current (A)

Operation
Point Name
Time Stamp
Value
Description

-2000

0
Electrotek/EPRI

Reference Cycle = 4669

39

6
Time (c)

10
PQView
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example Correlations of Capacitor Energizing

Event with PI Event from SCADA Operation
50THST - 12/22/2010 06:20:11.3130
Va

15

Vb

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

Voltage (kV)

10

0
-5
-10

50BXC2.DX
12/22/201006:20:14.0116
W50ST BKR C2 CAP_2
TRIP-CLOSE

50THST - 12/22/2010 06:35:17.1250

2000
Va

1000

-1000
-2000
-3000
2

Reference Cycle = 36880

6
Time (c)

Operation
10
Point Name
Time Stamp
Value
Description

50BXC1.DX
12/22/201006:35:20.0112
PQView
W50ST BKRC1 CAP_1
TRIP-CLOSE

Vc

Ia

Ib

Ic

5
0
-5
-10
2000

Current (A)

0
Electrotek/EPRI

Vb

10

0
Voltage (kV)

Current (A)

Operation
Point Name
Time Stamp
Value
Description

1000
0
-1000
-2000
0

Electrotek/EPRI

40

6
Time (c)

Reference Cycle = 25663

10
PQView

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

One-Line Diagram of Estimated and Actual

Location in PQView and WebPQView
5/16/2007 17:15:33.0843
Line 3542
41.276
41.275
41.274
41.273

Sout h/North

41.272
41.271
41.270
41.269
Actual Fault Location
UG_PRI_14975

41.268

Trap Falls

41.267
41.266
41.265
-73.135

-73.130

-73.125

-73.120

West/East
Electrotek/EPRI

PQView

41

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

One-Line Diagram with Aerial Map

of Estimated and Actual Location

Distance between estimated and actual location:200 meters

42

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Application Examples

Fault Location
System Performance
Integration of Power System Measurements with GIS
Standards Compliance

43

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Application Study

SARFI Performance for UI Company
UI Substations Average SARFI performance trends for 12 month periods

UI Average Number of Occurences when

Voltage at Substation's Bus fell below
specified % of Nom inal in previous 365 days

SARFI90

SARFI85

SARFI70

SARFI50

SARFI10

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1/1/96 to
1/1/97

1/1/97 to
1/1/98

1/1/98 to
1/1/99

01/1/99 to
01/01/00

44

1/1/00 to
1/1/01

1/1/01 to
1/1/02

1/1/02 to
1/1/03

7/1/02 to
6/30/03

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

How are some electric utilities using these

system-wide monitoring databases?
Distribution Fault Location
System Performance
Integration of Power System Measurements with GIS
Standards Compliance

45

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web-Based Power Quality Monitoring

System Management Software
Map Navigation
Executive-Level Reports
Transient Event Alarms
Transient Event Analysis
Steady-State Trends Analysis
Statistics Reports
Power Quality Event Categorization
Load Analysis
Steady-State Power Quality
Assessment
Background Harmonic Analysis
Data Integrity Reports
Power Quality Report Generation
46

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web

47

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

48

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web-Based Power Quality Monitoring

System Management Software

Software
Interface
49

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

PQView Application Examples

Distribution Fault Location
System Performance
Integration of Power System Measurements with GIS
Standards Compliance

50

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

EN 50160 Compliance
Typical Weekly Report by PQView in Croatia, Slovenia, &Poland
EN50160 Compliance
Week 46 - From 11/12/2006 to 11/19/2006

110 kV Substation 1

110 kV Substation 2

110 kV Substation 3

110 kV Substation 4

110 kV Substation 5
Compliance (%)
40
50
60

110 kV Substation 6

10

20

30

70

80

90

100

Freq 95%

Parameter

Freq 100%

Vrms

Vthd

Plt
Electrotek/EPRI

PQView

51

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

EN 50160 Compliance
Typical Annual Report by PQView in Croatia, Slovenia, & Poland
Report on Compliance with EN 50160 - EN50160
1/1/2006 - 1/7/2007
Compliant

Noncompliant

Missing

50

Count of Weeks

40
30
20
10
0
110 kV Substation 1
110 kV Substation 3
110 kV Substation 5
110 kV Substation 2
110 kV Substation 4
110 kV Substation 6
Site Name
Compliant
49
2
1
49
43
38
Noncompliant
2
46
50
2
8
2
Missing
2
5
2
2
2
13
Electrotek/EPRI

PQView
52

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Area Substation Voltage Control

The amount of MW load determines what the voltage should be
at the area substation following a set of rules called the voltage
schedule.
Whether the voltage can be above or below the scheduled
voltage depends upong the time of day and the day of week
Methods of Controlling Area Substation Voltage
Voltage Var Control (VVC Mode)
Local Tap Changer Control System (CMVM Mode)
Manual Adjustment of Transformer Taps

53

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Area Substation Voltage Control

Voltage Control and Optimization
Process Control Tool Development
Control Variables
Voltage Deviation from Schedule
Range of Tap positions on Parallel Transformers
Range of Mvar Load on Parallel Transformers
Apply control chart methods to develop upper and lower
control limits

54

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Voltage Deviation Control Chart

Substation A
St ation PI.LE1VOLT

Scheduled Voltage

Max Volt age

M in Voltage

SCADA Voltage Deviation

Volt age Deviation LCL

Voltage Deviation UCL

L E1LODWX

14.0

kV

13.8
13.6
13.4

200

- 200

Process Control
Violation

5.01% UCL-LCL

5 Sun
Jun 2011
Con Edison

6 Mon

7 Tue

8 Wed

9 Thu

MAN- CMVM
CMVM-VVC
VVC-MAN

100

VVC-MAN
MAN-VVC
VVC-MAN
MAN-VVC
VVC-MAN
MAN- CMVM
CMVM-MAN
MAN-VVC
VVC-CMVM
CMVM-MAN

150

VVC

MW

200

10 Fri

11 Sat

12 Sun

Time

55

PQView
2012 Electrotek Concepts,
Inc. All rights reserved.

Voltage Regulation Control Weekly Report

Each cell is interactive. When you double-click on a cell, you see the
five-minute samples for that week in an interactive window.
56

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Automatic Capacitor Analysis Procedure

Record voltage and current waveforms at substation
transformers using a power quality monitor
Correlate each transient event with the SCADA operation events
stored in OSIsoft PI System
Calculate change in voltage total harmonic distortion (THD),
power factor, and reactive power (kvar) by phase for each
transient
Calculate peak voltage and parallel resonant frequency for each
transient
Analyze each transient for synchronous closing performance
Analyze each transient for restrike characteristics
Determine if the transient is upline or downline using an
algorithm based on wavelet analysis
57

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Trend Charts Possible

Maximum Peak Voltage
Delta Voltage THD
Max Delta Voltage THD
Delta Reactive Power
Delta Power Factor
Delta Reactive Power Range
Delta Power Factor Range
Parallel Resonant Frequency

58

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Synchronous Closing Methods

Grounded-wye connected capacitor banks are controlled by
closing the three phases at three successive phase-to-ground
voltage zeros, giving 60 separation between transients.
Ungrounded-wye capacitor banks are controlled by closing the
first two phases at a phase-to-phase voltage zero and then
delaying the third phase 90 degrees, which is at the phase-toground voltage zero.
PQViews new module is able to analyze how closely the closing
was to these ideal closing times.
Closing Time
Closing Angle
Synchronous Status: Early, Synchronous, Delayed,
59

2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.

Synchronous Closing Assessment Methods

Millwood West TR1 - 8/24/2011 06:01:06.6980
Va

Vb

Vc

Vres

Ia

Ib

Ic

Ires

100
Voltage (%)

New module in testing to analyze how

measured closing time was to the ideal closing
time

50
0
-50
-100

Early, Synchronous, Delayed

2000

Current (A)

A special version of the module was

developed using Con Edison measurements to
analyze switching method employed by Joslyn

1000
0
-1000

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04
0.05
Time (s)

0.06

0.07

0.08

Electrotek/EPRI

Manhattan
Station

Joslyn
Banks

Avenue A

C3

Parkview

Staten Island
Station
Woodrow

Joslyn
Banks
C1

PQView

Bronx/Westchester
Station

Joslyn
Banks

Cedar Street

C1

C1

East 179th Street

C1

Astor

C1A, C2, C3

Millwood

C1

Murray Hill

C3

Ossining

C1

Seaport No. 1

C1, C2, C3

Pleasantville

C1

Trade Center No. 1

C1, C2, C3

White Plains
60

C1, C2, C3
2012 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.