Revolver

A revolver is a multi-shot firearm, usually a handgun, in which the rounds are held in a
revolving cylinder that rotates to fire them through a single barrel. Revolvers come in
many flavors, many shapes and sizes, and many different configurations. The two main
platforms are the single action and the double action.
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Single-Action Revolver
In a single-action revolver, the hammer is manually cocked, usually with the thumb of
the firing or supporting hand. This action advances the cylinder to the next round and
locks the cylinder in place with the chamber aligned with the barrel. The trigger, when
pulled, releases the hammer, which fires the round in the chamber. To fire again, the
hammer must be manually cocked again. This is called "single-action" because the
trigger only performs a single action, of releasing the hammer. Because only a single
action is performed and trigger pull is lightened, firing a revolver in this way allows most
shooters to achieve greater accuracy. Additionally, the need to cock the hammer
manually acts as a safety. The Colt Paterson Revolver, the Walker Colt, the Colt's
Dragoon and the Colt Single Action Army pistol of the American Frontier era are all good
examples of this system.

Double-Action Revolver
In double-action (DA), the stroke of the trigger pull generates three actions:
1. The hammer is pulled back to the cocked position.
2. At the same time, the cylinder is indexed to the next round.
3. The hammer is released to strike the firing pin.
Thus, DA means that a cocking action separate from the trigger pull is unnecessary;
every trigger pull will result in a complete cycle. This allows uncocked carry, while also
allowing draw-and-fire using only the trigger. A longer and harder trigger stroke is the
trade-off. However, this drawback can also be viewed as a safety feature, as the gun is
safer against accidental discharges from being dropped.

Most double-action revolvers may be fired in two ways.

1. The first way is single-action; that is, exactly the same as a single-action
revolver; the hammer is cocked with the thumb, which indexes the cylinder, and
when the trigger is pulled, the hammer is tripped.

2. The second way is double-action, or from a hammer-down position. In this case,

the trigger first cocks the hammer and revolves the cylinder, then trips the
hammer at the rear of the trigger stroke, firing the round in the chamber.
Certain revolvers, called double-action-only (DAO) or, more correctly but less
commonly, self-cocking, lack the latch that enables the hammer to be locked to the rear,
and thus can only be fired in the double-action mode. With no way to lock the hammer
back, DAO designs tend to have bobbed or spurless hammers, and may even have the
hammer completely covered by the revolver's frame (i.e., shrouded or hooded). These
are generally intended for concealed carrying, where a hammer spur could snag when
the revolver is drawn. The potential reduction in accuracy in aimed fire is offset by the
increased capability for concealment.
DA and DAO revolvers were the standard-issue sidearm of countless police
departments for many decades. Only in the 1990s did the semiautomatic pistol begin to
make serious inroads after the advent of safe actions. The reasons for these choices
are the modes of carry and use. Double action is good for high-stress situations
because it allows a mode of carry in which "draw and pull the trigger" is the only
requirementno safety catch release or separate cocking stroke is required.

Explosive Trains

A triggering sequence, also called an explosive train, is a sequence of events that

culminates in the detonation of explosives. For safety reasons, most widely used high
explosives are difficult to detonate. A primary explosive of higher sensitivity is used to
trigger a uniform and predictable detonation of the main body of the explosive. Although
the primary explosive itself is generally a more sensitive and expensive compound, it is
only used in small quantities and in relatively safely packaged forms. By design there
are low explosives and high explosives made such that the low explosives are highly
sensitive (i.e. their 'Figure of Insensitivity' is low) and high explosives are comparatively
insensitive. This not only affords inherent safety to the usage of explosives during
handling and transport, but also necessitates an explosive triggering sequence or
explosive train. The explosive triggering sequence or the explosive train essentially
consists of an 'initiator', an 'intermediary' and the 'high explosive'.
For example, a match will not cause plastic explosive to explode, but it will light a fuse
which will detonate a primary explosive that will shock a secondary high explosive and
cause it to detonate. In this way, even very insensitive explosives may be used; the
primary detonates a "booster" charge that then detonates the main charge. Triggering
sequences are used in the mining industry for the detonation of ANFO and other cheap,
bulk, and insensitive explosives that can not be fired by only a blasting cap or similar
item.

Low Explosive Train

An example of a low-explosive train is a rifle cartridge, which consists of
1. a primer consisting of a small amount of primary high explosive which initiates
the explosive train
2. an igniter which is initiated by the primer and creates a flame that ignites the
propellant
3. a propellant consisting of a secondary low explosive that emits a large amount of
gas as it deflagrates.

High Explosive Train

High-explosives trains can be either two-step (e.g., detonator and dynamite) or threestep (e.g., detonator, booster of primary explosive, and main charge of secondary
explosive).

Primary components
A high explosive train includes three primary high explosive components which are used
to initiate explosives:
1. Fuse or fuze
2. Primer
3. Detonator
Detonators are often made from tetryl and fulminates.
Secondary components
In an explosive train there are two secondary high explosive components:
1. Boosters
2. Bursting charges, also known as main charges
Examples of bursting charges are

TNT

Composition B

RDX

PETN

Tertiary components
In some cases, the main charge is so insensitive that using typical primary materials
becomes impractical due to large amount required. Thus, an explosive booster is used
to deliver sufficient shockwave to the main charge.
The most significant tertiary material in widespread use is (ANFO) ammonium nitrate,
fuel oil.

FORENSIC
BALLISTICS

GROUP 6:
TOLENTO ALVIN F.
DUGAST CHRISTIAN JUDE A.