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S Ltbi Servlet Basics: For Live Java Ee Training, Please See Training Courses

Servlets, JSP, JSF 2.0, Struts, Ajax, GWT 2.0, Spring, Hibernate, SOAP and RESTful Web Services, java 6. Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. Available at public venues or onsite at your location.

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113 views

S Ltbi Servlet Basics: For Live Java Ee Training, Please See Training Courses

Servlets, JSP, JSF 2.0, Struts, Ajax, GWT 2.0, Spring, Hibernate, SOAP and RESTful Web Services, java 6. Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. Available at public venues or onsite at your location.

Uploaded by

899193
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

© 2010 Marty Hall

S
Servlet
l t Basics
B i
Originals of Slides and Source Code for Examples:
http://courses.coreservlets.com/Course-Materials/csajsp2.html

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/


Servlets, JSP, JSF 2.0, Struts, Ajax, GWT 2.0, Spring, Hibernate, SOAP & RESTful Web Services, Java 6.
2 Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

© 2010 Marty Hall

For live Java EE training, please see training courses


at http://courses.coreservlets.com/.
Servlets, JSP, Struts, JSF 1.x, JSF 2.0, Ajax (with jQuery, Dojo,
Prototype, Ext-JS, Google Closure, etc.), GWT 2.0 (with GXT),
Java 5, Java 6, SOAP-based and RESTful Web Services, Spring, g
Hibernate/JPA, and customized combinations of topics.
Taught by the author of Core Servlets and JSP, More
Servlets and JSP, JSP and this tutorial.tutorial Available at public
venues,Customized
or customized versions
Java EE Training: can be held on-site at your
http://courses.coreservlets.com/
organization. Contact [email protected] for details.
Servlets, JSP, JSF 2.0, Struts, Ajax, GWT 2.0, Spring, Hibernate, SOAP & RESTful Web Services, Java 6.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
Agenda
• The basic structure of servlets
• A simple servlet that generates plain text
• A servlet that generates HTML
• Servlets and packages
• Some utilities that help build HTML
• The servlet life cycle
• Servlet debugging strategies

A Servlet’s Job
• Read explicit data sent by client (form data)
• Read implicit data sent by client
(request headers)
• Generate
G t the
th resultslt
• Send the explicit data back to client (HTML)
• Send
S d the
th implicit
i li it data
d t to
t client
li t
(status codes and response headers)

5
A Servlet That Generates Plain
Text (HelloWorld
(HelloWorld.java)
java)
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.
javax servlet *;
;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("Hello World");
}
}

URL assumes you have deployed from


an Eclipse project named “intro”. Code
was in src/HelloWorld.java

A Servlet That Generates HTML


• Tell the browser that you’re sending it HTML
– response.setContentType("text/html");
• Modify the println statements to build a
legal Web page
– Print statements should output HTML tags
• Check your HTML with a formal syntax
validator
– http://validator.w3.org/
p g
– http://www.htmlhelp.com/tools/validator/

7
A Servlet That Generates HTML
(Code)
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request
request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response setContentType("text/html");
response.setContentType( text/html );
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType =
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \
"<!DOCTYPE \"-//W3C//DTD
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 "+
+
"Transitional//EN\">\n";
out.println(docType +
\
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>Hello</TITLE></HEAD>\n"+
"<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
/ \
"<H1>Hello</H1>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
8 }

A Servlet That Generates HTML


(Result)

Assumes project named intro. Code in src/HelloServlet.java.

9
Using Packages
• Create a package
–RR-click
li k on src folder
f ld
– New  Package
• Dropping servlet in package
– Copy/paste from filesystem or existing project
– Eclipse will automatically change the package statement
at the top of the .java
java file
• Development strategy
– Start with existingg servlets and use them as the startingg
points for later servlets
• Start with HelloServlet2 at beginning
– Always
y use ppackages
g
– Do not do New  Servlet
• Results in ugly code with unnecessary parts
10

Using Packages (Continued)


• Manual packaging (no IDE)
– Move
M the
h fil
files to a subdirectory
bdi that
h matches
h the
h package
k name
• For example, I’ll use the coreservlets package for most of the rest of the
servlets in this course. So, the class files need to go in a subdirectory
called coreservlets.
– Insert a package statement in the class file
• E.g., top of HelloServlet2.java:
package coreservlets; Dot. Not slash!

• Include package name in URL


– http://localhost/intro/servlet/coreservlets.HelloServlet2
• This assumes yyou have enabled the “invoker servlet” that lets
you run servlets without explicitly giving them addresses (good
for testing and learning). Assumes project is “intro”.
• You can also give explicit addresses as briefly mentioned in the
l t llecture
last t andd as will
ill b
be di
discussed
d iin more d
detail
t il llater
t ((always
l
used for real-life apps).
11
Using Packages:
HelloServlet2 (Code)
package coreservlets;

public class HelloServlet2 extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 "+
"Transitional//EN\">\n";
out.println(docType
p yp +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>Hello (2)</TITLE></HEAD>\n"+
"<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
"<H1>Hello (
(2)</H1>\n"
) +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
12

Using Packages:
HelloServlet2 (Result)

Assumes project named intro. Code in src/coreservlets/HelloServlet2.java.

If you made
d the
th web.xml
b l entries
t i ffrom th
the previous
i llecture,
t you could
ld also
l use
the URL http://localhost/intro/hi2

13
Some Simple HTML-Building
Utilities
public class ServletUtilities {
public static final String
p g DOCTYPE =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 " +
"Transitional//EN\">";

public static String headWithTitle(String title) {


return(DOCTYPE + "\n" +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>" + title +
"</TITLE></HEAD>\n");
}
...
}
• Don’t go overboard
– Complete
p HTML generation
g packages
p g
usually work poorly
14
– The JSP framework is a better solution

HelloServlet3: HelloServlet with


Packages and Utilities
package coreservlets;

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloServlet3 extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String title = "Hello
Hello (3)";
(3) ;
out.println(ServletUtilities.headWithTitle(title)+
"<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
"<H1>" + title + "</H1>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
/ /
}
}
15
HelloServlet3: Result

Assumes project named intro. Code in src/coreservlets/HelloServlet3.java


and src/coreservlets/ServletUtilities.java.

16

The Servlet Life Cycle


• init
– Executed once when the servlet is first loaded.
Not called for each request.
• service
– Called in a new thread by server for each request.
Dispatches
p to doGet, doPost, etc.
Do not override this method!
• doGet, doPost, doBlah
–HHandles
dl GET,
GET POST,
POST etc. requests.
– Override these to provide desired behavior.
• destroy
– Called when server deletes servlet instance.
17 Not called after each request.
Why You Should
Not Override service
• The service method does other things
g
besides just calling doGet
– You can add support for other services later by adding
d P t doTrace,
doPut, d T etc.
t
– You can add support for modification dates by adding a
ggetLastModified method
– The service method gives you automatic support for:
• HEAD requests
• OPTIONS requests
• TRACE requests
• Alternative: have doPost call doGet

18

Debugging Servlets
• Use print statements; run server on desktop
• Use Apache Log4J
• Integrated debugger in IDE
– Right-click in left margin in source to set breakpoint (Eclipse)
– R
R-click
click Tomcat and use “Debug”
Debug instead of “Start”
Start
• Look at the HTML source
• Return error pages to the client
– Plan ahead for missingg or malformed data
• Use the log file
– log("message") or log("message", Throwable)
• Separate
p the request
q and response
p data.
– Request: see EchoServer at www.coreservlets.com
– Response: see WebClient at www.coreservlets.com
• Make sure browser is not caching
– Internet Explorer: use Shift-RELOAD
– Firefox: use Control-RELOAD
19
• Stop and restart the server
Summary

• Main servlet code goes in doGet or doPost:


– The HttpServletRequest contains the incoming
information
– The
Th HttpServletResponse
Htt S l tR l t you sett outgoing
lets t i
information
• Call setContentType to specify MIME type
• Call getWriter to obtain a Writer pointing to client (browser)
• One-time setup code goes in init
– Ser
Servlet
let gets initialized
initiali ed and loaded once
– Servlet gets invoked multiple times
– Initialization parameters set in web.xml
• Covered in later lecture
20

© 2010 Marty Hall

Questions?

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/


Servlets, JSP, JSF 2.0, Struts, Ajax, GWT 2.0, Spring, Hibernate, SOAP & RESTful Web Services, Java 6.
21 Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

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