UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

EEL 3552 Analog and Digital Communication Fundamental

Homework3
Due at 11:30pm, Oct 5
Submit online (webcourses website assessment hk3_quiz)
Problem 1: Two signals m1(t) and m2(t) with spectrum shown in Figure 4. (a) Sketch
spectrum at points a, b and c. (b) If we use a multiplier and a low pass filter to receiver
m1(t) and m2(t), respectively, what is the carrier frequency? What is filter cut-off
bandwidth?

M1(f)
1
4000

-4000

M2(f)
1
4000

-4000

Figure 4: A modulation system and two signals

Point a

(a)

Point b

1
f

-14k -10k -6k

6k 10k 14k

-14k -10k -6k -4k

f
4k

6k 10k 14k

Point c

1
-34k -30k -26k -24k -20k -16k -14k -10k -6k

6k 10k 14k 16k 20k 24k 26k 30k 34k

(b)

Point c

Point c
LPF

m1(t)

LPF

4k, cut-off frequency

2cos40,000t

2cos60,000 t

m2(t)

4k, cut-off frequency

Carrier frequency: 2*30k

Carrier frequency: 2*20k

or
Point c

LPF

m2(t)

4k, cut-off frequency

2cos20,000
Carrier frequency: 2*10k

1. Which statement is NOT true for spectrum at points a, b, and c?

A. At point a, it is DSB-SC signal with carrier of 10KHz.
B. At point b, it consists of a baseband signal and a DSB-SC signal.
C. At point c, it consists of three DSB-SC signals
*D. Spectrum is not zero between 14.5KHz to 15.5 kHz
2. Which statement is NOT true for carrier and filter?
A. To receive m2(t), we need fcarrier=10KHz, and fcutoff=5kHz;
B. To receive m1(t), we need fcarrier=20KHz, and fcutoff=4kHz;
C. To receive m2(t), we need fcarrier=30KHz, and fcutoff=4kHz;
*D. To receive m1(t), we need fcarrier=40KHz, and fcutoff=5kHz;

2cos(60000t)

2cos(60000t)

Modulator

Demodulator

Figure 5: Modulator and Demodulator for DSB-SC signal

Problem 2: Given modulator and demodulator for DSB-SC signal in Figure 5, (a) Sketch
spectrum of signals at points a, b, and c. (b) if the carrier at the demodulator is
2cos(60010t+90o), derive math expression and sketch spectrum of signals at points b
and c.
(a)
At point a,
1

-45k -30k -15k

15k 30k 45k

At point b,
m(t)[2cos(60,000t)]2 4m(t )[cos(2 60,000t) 1]
2M(f) M(f 60,000) M(f - 60,000)

2
1

1
-75k -60k -45k

-15k

15k

f
45k 60k 75k

1
2m(t ) cos(2 60,000t) 2m(t)
2

At point c,
Spectrum

y=2m(t)

15k

(b)
2 cos(60010t 90 ) -2sin(60010t)
At point b
2 cos(60000t )m(t ) [2 cos(60010t 90 )]

4 sin(60010t ) cos(60000t )m(t )

2[2 sin(60010t ) cos(60000t )]m(t )
2[sin(60010t 60000t ) sin(60010t 60000t )]m(t )
2 sin(120010t )m(t ) 2 sin(10t )m(t )
j
j
2{ [ M ( f 60005) M ( f 60005)] [ M ( f 5) M ( f 5)]}
2
2
j[ M ( f 60005) M ( f 6005)] j[ M ( f 5) M ( f 5)]

-75005 -60005 -45005

-5 5

45005 60005 75005

f
-j

-j

-j

At point c

f
-j

3. Which statement is NOT true if the carrier at demodulator is 2cos(60000t)?

A. Spectrum at point a contains frequency components of DSB-SC with carrier of 30Khz
*B. Spectrum at point b contains high frequency components of 30Khz
C. Spectrum at point b contains frequency components of baseband signals
D. Spectrum at point c contains frequency components of baseband signals
4. Which statement is true if the carrier at demodulator is 2cos(60010t+90o)?
*A. Spectrum at point a contains frequency components of DSB-SC with carrier of
30Khz
B. Spectrum at point b contains high frequency components of 30Khz
C. Spectrum at point b contains frequency components of baseband signals
D. Spectrum at point c contains frequency components of baseband signals

x(t)

g(t)
1

2
-1

-1
Figure 2: Two signals

Problem 3 Consider signals given in Figure 2, we can input x(t) or g(t) into AM system
as message signal m(t). The AM signal is given as sAM(t)=2[b+0.5m(t)]cos(ct).
(a) If b=1, determine the modulation index and power efficiency for m(t)=x(t) or g(t)
respectively; and sketch the modulated signal in time domain.
(b) If b=0.5, repeat tasks in (a).
(a) For x(t)
S AM (t ) 2[b 0.5m(t)]cos(c t) [2b m(t)]cos( c t)
[A m(t)]cos(c t)
b 1,
A 2,
so

mp
A

1
2

Ps [m(t)cos(ct)]2

1 2
m (t )
2

Average energy power:

1
2
1
1
m 2(t ) [ 1dt 1dt ] [1 1] 1
T 0
2
1
so Ps

1
2

Pc [A cos(w ct)]2 [2cos(w ct)]2

Ps
Ps Pc

1
2

20%
1 2
5
2

For g(t)

mp
A

1
2

Ps [m(t)cos(ct)]2

1 2
m (t )
2

1
4 2
2

Average energy power:

1
0
1
1 1 1 1
m 2 (t ) [ t 2 dt (-t ) 2 dt ] [ ]
T 0
2 3 3 6
-1
1
6

so Ps

Pc [ A cos(w c t)]2 [2cos(w c t)]2

1
4 2
2

1
Ps
6 7.7%

Ps Pc 1 2
6

(b) For x(t)

S AM (t ) 2[b 0.5m(t)]cos(c t) [2b m(t)]cos( c t)
[A m(t)]cos(c t)
b 0.5,
A 1,
so

mp
A

1
1
1
1 2
m (t )
2

Ps [m(t)cos(ct)]2

Average energy power:

1
2
1
1
m 2(t ) [ 1dt 1dt ] [1 1] 1
T 0
2
1
so Ps

1
2

Pc [A cos(w ct)]2 [cos(w ct)]2

Ps
Ps Pc

2
1

1
50%
2

For g(t)

mp
A

1
1
1

Ps [m(t)cos(ct)]2
Average energy power:

1
2

1 2
m (t )
2

1
1 1 1 1
m (t ) [ t 2 dt (-t ) 2 dt ] [ ]
T 0
2 3 3 3
-1
2

so Ps

1
6

Pc [ A cos(w c t)]2 [cos(w c t)]2

1
2

1
Ps
6 1 25.%

Ps Pc 1 1
4
6
2

5. Which statement is true if b=1?

A. modulation indexes are 1, 1; and power efficiencies are 20% and 7.7%, for signals x(t)
and g(t), respectively
*B. modulation indexes are 0.5, 0.5; and power efficiencies are 20% and 7.7%, for
signals x(t) and g(t), respectively
C. modulation indexes are 1, 1; and power efficiencies are 7.7% and 20%, for signals x(t)
and g(t), respectively
D. modulation indexes are 0.5, 0.5; and power efficiencies are 7.7% and 20%, for signals
x(t) and g(t), respectively

6. Which statement is true if b=0.5?

*A. modulation indexes are 1, 1; and power efficiencies are 50% and 25%, for signals x(t)
and g(t), respectively
B. modulation indexes are 0.5, 0.5; and power efficiencies are 50% and 25%, for signals
x(t) and g(t), respectively
C. modulation indexes are 1, 1; and power efficiencies are 25% and 50%, for signals x(t)
and g(t), respectively
D. modulation indexes are 0.5, 0.5; and power efficiencies are 25% and 50%, for signals
x(t) and g(t), respectively

Problem 4 In the early days of radio, AM signals were demodulated by the detector
given in the following figure. (a) For b=1 in Problem 3, derive or sketch signals in time
domain at points a, b, c, and d; and study the behavior of distortion term in y(t),
particularly when b>>1. (b) Repeat (a) for b=0.5.

(a) At point a,
AM (t ) 2[b 0.5m(t)]cos(c t) [ A m(t )]cos(c t) , A 2b

b 1, A 2.
AM (t ) 2 cos(c t ) m(t ) cos(c t )
At point b,

A 2 m 2 (t ) 2 Am(t )
x(t ) AM (t ) [ A m(t )] cos (c t)
(cos 2c t 1)
2
4 m 2 (t ) 4m(t )
1

(cos 2c t 1) [ m 2 (t ) 2m(t ) 2](cos 2c t 1)

2
2
At point c, the low-pass filter suppresses the term of cos2 c t ,
2

A 2 m2 (t ) 2 Am(t ) 4 m2 (t ) 4m(t ) 1 2

m (t ) 2m(t ) 2
2
2
2
At point d, after DC block
u (t )

u(t )

m 2 (t ) 2 Am(t ) 1 2 2m(t ) m(t ) 2

A (
(
) )
2
2
A
A

When b>>1, A>>1,

m(t )
1,
A
So

1 2 2m(t )
A
Am(t ) 2m(t ) 2m(t )
2
A
m 2 (t )
Distortion term is
2
y (t )

(b) when b=0.5,

At point a,

 AM (t ) 2[b 0.5m(t)]cos(c t) [ A m(t )]cos(c t) , A 2b

b 0.5, A 1.
AM (t ) cos(c t ) m(t ) cos(c t )
At point b,

A 2 m 2 (t ) 2 Am(t )
x(t ) AM (t ) [ A m(t )] cos (c t)
(cos 2c t 1)
2
1 m 2 (t ) 2m(t )
1
1

(cos 2c t 1) [ m 2 (t ) m(t ) ](cos 2c t 1)

2
2
2
2

At point c, the low-pass filter suppresses the term of cos2 c t ,

A 2 m 2(t ) 2Am(t ) 1 m 2(t ) 2m(t )
1
1

m 2(t ) m(t )
2
2
2
2
At point d,

u(t )

u(t )

m 2 (t ) 2 Am(t ) 1 2 2m(t ) m(t ) 2

A (
(
) )
2
2
A
A

When b>>1, A>>1,

m(t )
1,
A
So
1 2 2m(t )
A
Am(t ) m(t )
2
A
m 2 (t )
Distortion term is
2
7. Which statement is true if b=1?
A. Signal at point d does not contain term (2m(t))
B. Signal at point d contains DC term
*C. Signal at point d does not affect by nonlinear distortion term (m^2(t)/2) significantly
for a very low modulation index
D. Signal at point d does not affect by nonlinear distortion term (m^2(t)/2) significantly
for a very high SNR
y (t )

8. Which statement is true if b=0.5?

A. Signal at point d contains DC term.
*B. Signal at point d contains the same amount of nonlinear distortion term (m^2(t)/2) as
b=1.
C. Signal at point d contains the same amount of baseband term (m(t)) as b=1.
D. Signal at point d is a linear distortion of baseband signal (m(t)).

Problem 5: For a message signal m(t)=2cos(60t)+cos(200t), sketch (a) the spectrum of

m(t), (b) the spectrum of mh(t) (Hilbert transform of m(t)), (c) the spectrum of DSB-SC
signal generated by m(t)cos(1000t), (d) the spectrum of LSB signal generated by
filtering out the upper sideband of m(t)cos(1000t) signal, (e) the spectrum of
(t ) m(t ) cos(1000t ) mh (t ) sin(1000t ) . Further write up math expression for signals
from (a) to (e).
(a)
m(t ) 2cos(60 t) + cos(200 t)

1
1
M(f) (f 30) (f 30) (f 100) (f 100)
2
2
(a)

M(f)

1/2

-100

1/2

-30

30

100

(b)

cos(t ) sin(t )
mh (t ) 2sin(60 t) + sin(200 t)
j
j
M h (f) j (f 30) j (f 30) (f 100) (f 100)
2
2
Mh(f)

j/2

j
100

-100

-30

30
-j/2
-j

(c)

 DSB| SC (t ) m(t ) cos(1000t ) [2cos(60 t) + cos(200 t)] cos(1000t )

2cos(60 t) cos(1000t ) cos(200 t) cos(1000t )
1
1
cos(1000t 60t ) cos(1000t 60t ) cos(1000t 200t ) cos(1000t 200t )
2
2
1
1
cos(940t ) cos(1060t ) cos(800t ) cos(1200t )
2
2
1
1
cos(940t ) cos(800t ) cos(1060t ) cos(1200t )
2
2

LSB

USB

1
1
1
1
1
1
M DSB-SC (f) (f 470) (f 470) (f 400) (f 400) (f 530) (f 530)
2
2
4
4
2
2
1
1
(f 600) (f 600)
4
4

MDSB-SC(f)
1/2
1/4

1/2

1/2
1/4

1/2
1/4

1/4

f
-600 -530 -470 -400

400 470 530 600

1
1
1
1
(d) M LSB-SC (f) (f 470) (f 470) (f 400) (f 400)
2
2
4
4
MLSB-SC(f)
1/2

1/2
1/4

1/4
f

-470 -400

400 470

(e)
(t ) m(t ) cos(ct ) mh (t ) sin(ct )
[2cos(60 t) + cos(200 t)]cos(1000t) - [2sin(60 t) + sin(200 t)]sin(1000t)
2cos(60t)cos(1000t) cos(200t)cos(1000t) - 2sin(60t)sin(1000t) - sin(200t)sin(1000t)
2cos(60t)cos(1000t) - 2sin(60t)sin(1000t) cos(200t)cos(1000t) - sin(200t)sin(1000t)
2cos(1000t 60t) cos(1000t 200t)
2cos(1060t) cos(1200t)
1
2

1
2

(f) (f 530) (f 530) (f 600) (f 600)

(f)

1/2

1
1/2
f

-600 -530

530 600

9. Which statement is true for spectrum?

A. The spectrum of m(t) consists of three delta impulses,
B. The spectrum of m(t)cos(1000t) contains only LSB signal.
*C. The spectrum of mh(t) (Hilbert transform) consists of four impulses at sine-domain.
D. The spectrum of LSB signal contains two impulses between 500Hz to 700 Hz.
10. Which statement is true in time domain expression?
A. mh(t)=-2sin(60t)-sin(200t),
B. m(t)cos(wct)-mh(t)sin(wct) is a LSB signal
*C. Signal at (e) is 2cos(1060t)+cos(1200t),
D. Signal at (d) is 2cos(400t)+cos(470t)