100% Solar in South Asia
Implications for Technological and
Social Transformation
Iven Mareels, Dean
Melbourne School of Engineering
Indias electrification is expanding enormously x3 to x4 by 2040;
Key features
 Ambitious renewable energy targets (100% solar is technically feasible)
 A geographically very large grid, with weak connectivity
 Huge diversity, in demand patterns, and generating patterns
= High complexity (over time and space, over sinks and sources)
= smarter grid operations from the last mile to the large generators
= demand management is essential (demand is king is on the way out)
= India can lead the world in energy management technology
Demand management components
Last-mile
- end use storage capacity as energy storage
(reduce requirement for battery storage) (typically >50% of domestic/light
commercial end use energy is related to heating, pumping, cooling)
- Micro-grids can be run in DC mode = 30% less copper, much higher
transfer efficiency, easier demand management control
Transmission network
- Enable diversity with precision PMUs
- Develop novel protection methodology (reverse currents, tie-line control)
- Dynamically predictive management of grid (wind and solar friendly)
Education
is key
Little
energy
but
great
impact
 Smarter grid technology can enable Indias unusual diversity in electricity
 No technological-fix to socio-economic problems and gender inequalities
 Distributed and decentralised small-scale systems will be key (flexibility,
reduced cost to install as compared to other options)
 Renewable energy technologies inherently gender-friendly?
A question the University of Melbourne, in partnership with the ADB is
analysing in Bhutan, Nepal, India and Sri Lanka