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PLC Experiment

The document discusses programming logic controllers (PLCs), their timer and counter instructions, and two applications - a traffic light system and a tower tank pumping system. It provides objectives, introduces PLC timers, describes the traffic light ladder logic, and details the multi-step tower tank process including narrative, ladder logic, I/O table, flowchart, and discussions on PLC benefits over relay systems. The conclusion states that both objectives of learning PLC timers/counters and developing the tower tank system were achieved.

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yttan1116
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302 views

PLC Experiment

The document discusses programming logic controllers (PLCs), their timer and counter instructions, and two applications - a traffic light system and a tower tank pumping system. It provides objectives, introduces PLC timers, describes the traffic light ladder logic, and details the multi-step tower tank process including narrative, ladder logic, I/O table, flowchart, and discussions on PLC benefits over relay systems. The conclusion states that both objectives of learning PLC timers/counters and developing the tower tank system were achieved.

Uploaded by

yttan1116
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLC Application Timer and Counter Instructions

Objectives

To learn the PLC timer and counter command instructions.


To develop the tower tank pumping system.

Introduction
The FP0 C-10 PLC allows up 128 timer instructions, however, by default, timer instructions are from 0 to 99
(100 instructions).
There are 3 types of timers which is 1) TMR: sets the ON-delay timer for 0.01s units.
2) TMX: sets the ON-delay timer for 0.1s units.
3) TMY: sets the ON-delay timer for 1s units.
Each timer has a corresponding Set value area (SV), and Elapsed Value Area and a Timer Contact (T).
Equipment
1.
2.
3.
4.

NAiS FP0 C10 programmable logic controller training kit.


FPWin PLC programming software.
Connecting cables.
24V DC power supply.

Objective 1

Traffic Lights Ladder Diagram


When normally open start switch is on, relay R0 energized and the Green light, Y0 turned on for 5 seconds.
After 5 seconds, timer T0 is on. Normally closed contact, T0 connected to output Y0 opened, Green light
turned off and the Yellow light, Y1 turned on for another 5 seconds when the normally open T0 contact
closed.
The Yellow light turned off after 5 seconds when timer T1 turned on causing the normally closed T1 contact
connected to output Y1 opened. The Red light, Y2 turned on for 7 seconds when the normally open T1
contact closed.
The Red light turned off after 7 second when timer T2 turn on causing normally closed T2 contact connected
to output Y2 opened. The Green light turned on again and the sequence repeats until the normally close
switch is on to de-energize relay R0.

Traffic Light with Sequence Operation


The traffic light ladder diagram is modified so that the sequence of Green-Yellow-Red only repeats for 3
times and all the lights turned off after that. The duration that Green light stays on is changed manually and
an option is added to allow the sequence Green-Yellow-Red repeated 5 times instead of 3 times.

Objective 2
i.

The narrative statement specification of the process.


Initialization phase:
A. All valves and pumps are close.
B. Go to the running phase.
Running phase:
A.
B.
1)
2)
3)
C.
1)
2)
D.
1)
2)
3)
E.
1)
2)
F.
1)
2)
3)
G.
1)
2)
H.
1)
2)
3)
I.
1)
2)
J.

All valves and pumps are close.


Test the L0 sensor.
If triggered, turn on the first valve and start the first timer for 3 seconds.
After 3 seconds, the first pump is turn on.
If not, go to C.
Test the Hi sensor.
If triggered, both the first valve and first pump are close and the count number of first counter decrease
from 2 to 1.
If not, go to B.
When the water level inside the tank start to decrease, the L0 sensor is tested.
If triggered, turn on the first valve and start the first timer for 3 seconds.
After 3 seconds, the first pump is turn on.
If not, go to D.
Test the Hi sensor.
If triggered, both the first valve and first pump are close and the count number of first counter decrease
from 1 to 0.
If not, go to D.
When the water level inside the tank start to decrease, the L0 sensor is tested.
If triggered, the second valve is turn on and start the second timer for 3 seconds.
After 3 seconds, the second pump is turn on.
If not, go to G
Test the Hi sensor.
If triggered, both the second valve and second pump are close and the count number of second counter
decrease from 2 to 1.
If not, go to F.
When the water level inside the tank start to decrease, the L0 sensor is tested.
If triggered, the second valve is turn on and start the second timer for 3 seconds.
After 3 seconds, the second pump is turn on.
If not, go to H.
Test the Hi sensor.
If triggered, both the second valve and second pump are close and the count number of the second
counter decrease from 1 to 0.
If not, go to H.
Go to B.

ii.

The process ladder diagram.

iii.

The process inputs and outputs table.


Output

Port

Start,
X0

Input
Stop,
X1

Lo Sensor,
X2

Port
Hi Sensor,
X3

Pump 1,
Y0

Pump 2,
Y1

Valve 1,
Y2

Valve 2,
Y3

True
True
True/False

True
True
False

True/False
True/False
True/False

False
True
True/False

On/Off
Off
Off

Off/On
Off
Off

On/Off
Off
Off

Off/On
Off
Off

iv.

The process flow chart.


Start

All valves
and pumps
are close.

Yes

Lo?

NO

Tu rn on t he
first va lve.

NO
St art t he first
ti mer f or 3
seco nds.

Hi?

Yes
Bot h the first
valve a nd
first pump
are clos e.

After 3
seco nds, turn
on t he first
pum p.

Th e count
number of
the first
counter
decrease
from 2 to 1.

Yes

NO

Lo?

Tu rn on t he
first va lve

Hi?

Start the first


ti mer f or 3
seco nds.

NO

Yes
Bot h the first
valve a nd
first pump
are clos e.

After 3
seco nds, turn
on t he first
pum p.

Th e count
number of
the first
counter
decrease
from 1 to 0.

Yes

NO

Lo?

Tu rn on t he
seco nd valve.

Hi?

St art t he
seco nd timer
for 3
seco nds.

NO

Yes
After 3
seco nds, turn
on t he
seco nd
pum p.

Bot h second
valve a nd
seco nd pump
are clos e.

Th e count
number of
seco nd
counter
decrease
from 2 to 1.

Yes
Lo?

Tu rn on the
seco nd valve.

NO

NO

St art t he
ti mer f or 3
seco nds.

Hi?

Yes
Bot h second
valve a nd
seco nd pump
are clos e.

Th e count
number of
seco nd
counter
decrease
from 1 to 0.

After 3
seco nds, turn
on t he
seco nd
pump.

v.

Discussions.

The continuous variable control system has a range that can be vary by adjusting the element. For example of
the controlling the output flow rate of the water current into the tank, the adjustment of the opening of the
output valve set by the controller can do control the output flow rate of the water flow into the tank. While,
the discrete state system is only depend on the binary sequence of control to the element which is on and off.
For the same example of controlling of the valve, instead of the valve can be open within over range, the valve
is fully turn on and off once the signal is sent.
Nowadays, the PLC is widely used in variety of industries and machines compare to the use of traditional
mechanical relay. The very crucial things that the industry will be took into consideration is the cost of the
construction of the complex system could be high if using the mechanical relay which is not cost effective.
Instead of it, the PLC is the microprocessor-based controllers have replaced relay logic controllers due to the
input and output variables of discrete-state control system are binary in nature, and therefore, the control relays
of the ladder diagram can be replaced easily using the software and result in less hardware failure.
Also, the PLC has many special function, such as time-delay action and counters can be easily to produce
using the software. The using of the PLC not only can offer much more flexibility and sophisticated to control
the system but also can be reapplied to many others control system quickly and easily. In addition, the
reliability of the PLC is very satisfy by the industry which take many of years before failure. Even when the
system is down, the maintenance time for the troubleshooting the problem is very short and efficient.
In the design of traffic light system, the normally open contact of control relay R0 was used to turn the system
On & OFF. Control relay R0 was connected to inputs X0 and X1 which are the normally open start push
button and the normally closed stop push button. When X1 turned on, R0 energized and it causes rung 5 and
rung 21 to be TRUE. The whole system will only work provided this two rung is TRUE. On the other hand,
when X1 turned on, R0 de-energized causing rung 5 and rung 21 to be FALSE. The whole system stop when
this two rung are FALSE.
A normally open stop switch is not safe to be used in a control system because once the relay malfunctioned,
pressing the normally open stop button would not disconnect the circuit and the system would not be able to
stop. A normally close stop switch will be a safer choice to be used in a control system as pressing the normally
close stop button will disconnect the circuit and stop the whole system even if the relay malfunctioned.

Conclusion
The objectives were successfully achieved. The PLC timer and counter is well studied in the simple traffic
light control system and the tower tank pumping system was successfully developed using timers and counters.

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