Using the LED Terminal AppMod – 6/27/2K

LED Terminal AppMod

General Description
Many applications require the user to interact directly with a host
system. The LED Terminal AppMod provides an interface for
direct interaction between the user and the host. It offers a four
digit alphanumeric LED display, six individual LEDs, four
pushbuttons, and a real-time clock. The host communicates with
the LED Terminal AppMod via a single serial line. The user may
employ any standard baud rate between 2400 baud and 38.4K
baud inclusive for communications. The commands allow the user
to display alphanumeric messages, read keypress information, and
read the time.

Serial Protocol
Communication is always initiated by the host, the LED Terminal AppMod will not respond
otherwise. The command syntax is structured to facilitate the allowed commands and
prevent bus contention in the event that more than one AppMod is on the same serial line.

!LT0<CMD><x,y>
Discrete LED control bytes (see Programming Notes)
Command and any data that may be associated (Caps only)
Unit ID (currently, only one LED Terminal per bus supported)
AppMod Prefix (2 byte address denoting the type of AppMod addressed)
Preface Character alerts units on the bus that this message is an AppMod
command and serves to help the LED Terminal sync up with the host.

Commands
ASC Show ascii (text) data as received via serial interface. The following code snippet will display the
ASCII text “TIME” on the display and turn off all of the discrete LEDs:
serout 6,32+$8000,["!LT0ASCTime",$0,$0]
serout 6, N19K2 ,[“!LT0ASCTime”,$0,$0]

Please note that although it is specified that the word “Time” is to be displayed, the word “TIME”
will be displayed. This is because only capitalized letters are supported by the display. The range
of characters supported is: A-Z,0-9,*,/, ,\,+,-. The comma and the period are not supported.

BCD Show Binary Coded Decimal data as received via serial interface. The following code snippet will
display the BCD number “0734” on the display and turn off all of the discrete LEDs.

serout 6, N19K2,["!LT0BCD",0,7,3,4,$0,$0]

Please note that numbers (0-9) will be displayed as such, whereas the numbers 10,11,12,13,14,15
will be displayed as hexadecimal numbers, i.e. A, B,C,D,E,F

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 Using the LED Terminal AppMod – 6/27/2K

BIN Receive binary data via serial interface and display it as decimal data. The following code snippet
will display the contents of Num (a 16 bit word) on the display. Remember that the data must be
sent lowbyte, then highbyte since serial protocol demands the data is eight bits wide.

Num var word

serout 6, N19K2,["!LT0BIN",Num.lowbyte,Num.highbyte,$0,$0]

Althought the data sent is in binary form , the LED Terminal will automatically convert the binary
data to decimal so that it is easily readable by humans when it is displayed. Numbers supported
are: 0-270F (hexadecimal), 0-0010011100001111 (binary), 0-9999 (decimal).

Mini-AppNote
The following program will demonstrate how you can use the ASC, BIN, and BCD commands work
together on the LED Terminal AppMod using a BS2.

‘TSTAT.bs2 Simple Thermostat Display Program

N19K2 con 32+$8000

DP2 con $02 ‘Decimal point in second position
Temp var word

Start: pause 900 ‘Wait for LED to power up and initialize

Temp = 849 '84.9 degrees
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASC out",$0,$0]: pause 400
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASCside",$0,$0]: pause 400
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASCTemp",$0,$0]: pause 800
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0BIN",Temp.lowbyte,Temp.highbyte,$02,$0]
pause 1800

Temp = 745 '74.5 degrees

serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASC in ",$0,$0]: pause 400
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASCside",$0,$0]: pause 400
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASCTemp",$0,$0]: pause 800
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0BIN",Temp.lowbyte,Temp.highbyte,DP2,$0]
pause 1800
’74.2 degrees
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASCTemp",$0,$0]: pause 400
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASC set",$0,$0]: pause 400
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0ASC at ",$0,$0]: pause 800
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0BCD",0,7,4,2,DP2,$0]
pause 900
goto Start

This program displays three different textual messages and the three different numbers associated with each
text message. Please remember when programming that the commands ASC and BCD expect as parameters
6 bytes of data (4 for the display and 2 for the discrete LEDs) after the command. The BIN command
expects to receive 4 bytes after the command (2 bytes for display data and 2 bytes for the discrete LEDs).
Incomplete serial commands sent to the LED Terminal will be ignored.

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 Using the LED Terminal AppMod – 6/27/2K

NKY Show an ascii (text) prompt as received via serial

interface and allow the user to enter a numeric value
using the local pushbuttons. The following code snippet
will flash the text, “TIME” on the display until the user
hits any pushbutton. After the keypress, the LED
Terminal will switch to data entry mode. In this mode,
the display is redrawn with four underscore “_”
characters, with the left most digit flashing. The user
may then change the value of the digit that is flashing
using the pushbuttons (red to increment and green to
decrement) until the desired value is entered. Pressing
the black pushbutton advances the flashing digit one
place to the right so that all digits may be entered.
Pressing the black pushbutton while the right most digit
is flashing will result in a ‘wrap-around effect’ leaving
the left most digit flashing. The blue pushbutton is used to complete the data enty mode. At any
time the host may request the data entered with the NKR command detailed later in this document.

serout 6, N19K2,["!LT0NKY","Time",$0,$0]

NKR Request the value entered by the user (via the NKY command). The following code snippet will
retrieve the value entered by the user (via the NKY command) and place the data in an array called
“datain”. Note: if no value has been entered by the user, datain will be loaded with the value 0000.

Mini-AppNote
The following program will demonstrate how you can use the NKY and NKR commands to work together
on the LED Terminal AppMod using a BS2.

N19K2 con 32+$8000

datain var byte(5)
TimeH var byte
TimeM var byte
Init: serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0NKYTime",$0,$0]
Start: pause 15000
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0NKR"]
serin 6,N19K2,5000,Start,[STR datain\4]
pause 1000
TimeH = datain(0)*10+datain(1)
TimeM = datain(2)*10+datain(3)
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0RTI",$0,TimeH,TimeM,$0,$0,$0]
Done: goto Done

PBR Read the pushbuttons. The following code snippet will read a register on the LED Terminal
AppMod that contains the last key(s) pressed since the last PBR command. Each time a PBR
command is executed, the register containing the last key(s) pushed is cleared to zero. If no keys
have been pressed and a PBR command is sent, the LED Terminal will respond with a zero.

N19K2 con 32+$8000

datain var byte X X X X
Start: serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0PBR"] unused bits PB1 (Blue)
serin 6,N19K2,[datain] PB2 (Black)
debug bin4 datain,cr PB3 (Green)
pause 5000 PB4 (Red)
goto Start

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 Using the LED Terminal AppMod

RTI Set the real-time clock to the time values sent by the host via the serial interface. The following
code snippet will set the real-time clock to: day = 0, hour = 8, minute = 30, and second = 0.

N19K2 con 32+$8000

TimeD con 0
TimeH con 8
TimeM con 30
TimeS con 0

serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0RTI",TimeD,TimeH,TimeM,TimeS,$0,$0]

RTH Hide the time value from the LED display (hrs:mins). The LED Terminal AppMod will display the
time every second unless you ‘hide’ the time. The following snippet of code will hide the current
time value (so that you may display something else).

N19K2 con 32+$8000

serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0RTH"]

RTS Show the current real-time clock value on the LED display (hrs:mins). This is the default mode
when the LED Terminal is powered up. The display will be updated with the local time every
second.

N19K2 con 32+$8000

serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0RTS"]

RTR Read the current value of the real-time clock. The following code snippet will retrieve the real-time
clock value and store it in as array called, “datain” and format and echo the data to the debug
screen.

N19K2 con 32+$8000

datain var byte(4)

serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0RTR"]
serin 6,N19K2,[STR datain\5]
debug "Day: ",dec2 datain(0),cr
debug "Time: ", dec2 datain(1),":", dec2 datain(2)," "
debug dec2 datain(3), ".", dec1 datain(4), cr

The output format for the date is: dd

where dd is the day: 0-99
The output format for the time is: hh:mm ss.tt
where hh is the hour: 0-23
where mm is the minute: 0-59
where ss is the second: 0-59
where tt is the 0.1 second: 0-9
This code will cause the following to appear on the debug screen (your time may vary):

Day: 00
Time: 00:05 58.6

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 Using the LED Terminal AppMod

Mini-AppNote
Here’s an example of how NKY and the RTI functions can work together to initialize the LED Terminal’s
real-time clock.

N19K2 con 32+$8000

datain var byte(5)
TimeH var byte
TimeM var byte

Init: serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0NKYTime",$0,$0]

Start: pause 10000
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0NKR"]
serin 6,N19K2,5000,Start,[STR datain\4]
debug hex datain(0)," ", hex datain(1)," "
debug hex datain(2)," ", hex datain(3),cr
TimeH = datain(0)*10+datain(1)
TimeM = datain(2)*10+datain(3)
serout 6,N19K2,["!LT0RTI",$0,TimeH,TimeM,$0,$0,$0]
Done: goto Done

Electrical Specifications
The LED Terminal AppMod requires 6 – 9 Volts DC and will draw 40-150 mA depending on how many
LED segments are energized. Please use caution when touching or handling the LED Terminal Display
while it is energized (or even if it was recently energized) as the on-board voltage regulator can get warm
during normal operation.

As with all AppMods, the LED Terminal AppMod has a special stack-through 2x10 header. This header
allows you to connect the LED Terminal to either the GrowBot, the BOE-Bot, the Stamp Activity Board,
the Super Carrier Board, and of course, other AppMods. We’ve provided the pinout of the AppMod header
below, as viewed from the top.

Vss P1 P3 P5 P7 P9 P11 P13 P15 Vin

Vss P0 P2 P4 P6 P8 P10 P12 P14 Vdd

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 Using the LED Terminal AppMod

Programming Notes

1) Throughout the examples mentioned herein, I/O Pin 6 has been referenced as the serial pin for all
serial communications. This is because, with respect to the AppMod header included on various
products such as the GrowBot, the Board of Education, the BOE-Bot, and the SuperCarrier Board,
I/O Pin 6 has been hardwired to serve this function.

2) Throughout the examples mentioned herein, the baudmode parameter has been, “N19K2”. It is
depicted this way since the value of N19K2 will be different depending on which stamp you use.
Also note that all code snippets herein are for the BS2. Please refer to the AppMod diskette for
examples of code for the BS2-SX and the BS1.

3) When sending numeric data (BCD or BIN) to the display, the LED Terminal AppMod will
automatically blank leading zeroes based on where the decimal point is located.

4) You may have noticed that many of the code snippets here have a couple of “,$0”s trailing. This is
to allow the user access to the decimal points and the discrete LEDs on-board. The following table
correlates the values for the LED bytes with their physical positions.

LEDs.highbyte LEDs.lowbyte
XXXXXX00 00000000
Decimal Point #1 (Least significant digit)
Decimal Point #2
Decimal Point #3
Decimal Point #4 (Most significant digit)
LED #1 (Right most)
LED #2
LED #3
LED #4 (Left most)
Colon mini-LED (top)
Colon mini-LED (bottom)

The following code snippet will display a zero while cycling slowing through all of the LEDs,
decimal points, and the LEDs that make up the colon:

LEDs var word

Init
LEDs = $1
Start
pause 1000
serout 6,32+$8000,["!LT0BIN",$0,$0,LEDs.lowbyte,LEDs.highbyte]
debug bin2 LEDs.highbyte," ",bin8 LEDs.lowbyte,cr
LEDs = LEDs << 1
if LEDs.bit10 = 1 then Init
goto Start

5) If the host sends an NKY command to prompt the user to input a value, the LED Terminal
AppMod will wait until the user does so. The host may poll the LED Terminal AppMod anytime,
before, during, or after the user inputs the data. If the host system decides to not wait any longer
for the user to input data, the host may send a command, (i.e. RTS) to end the NKY mode.

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