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Power System Control and Operation

This document contains 8 problems related to power system operation and control. Problem 1 asks to find the economic load scheduling of a two-unit plant given their fuel cost functions and a total load of 450 MW. Problem 2 asks to calculate the penalty factor of plant 1 given incremental cost functions of two plants operating at 200 MW each. Problem 3 asks to calculate the penalty factor and additional cost given the loss coefficients and operating points of a two-plant system.

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Santosh Thapa
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442 views3 pages

Power System Control and Operation

This document contains 8 problems related to power system operation and control. Problem 1 asks to find the economic load scheduling of a two-unit plant given their fuel cost functions and a total load of 450 MW. Problem 2 asks to calculate the penalty factor of plant 1 given incremental cost functions of two plants operating at 200 MW each. Problem 3 asks to calculate the penalty factor and additional cost given the loss coefficients and operating points of a two-plant system.

Uploaded by

Santosh Thapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Power System Operation & Control

Tutorial-1
1. The fuel costs of a two-unit plant are given by
C1 =100 + 2P1+ 0.005P12 $/hr; C2 =200 +2P2+ 0.001P22 $/hr
where P1 and P2 are in MW. The plant supplies a load of 450 MW. Find economic load
scheduling of the two units and the incremental fuel cost. Neglect losses.
(Ans: 300 MW, 150 MW and $5/MWh)
2. On the system consisting of tow generating plants the incremental costs in thousand
rupees per megawatt hour with P1 and P2 in megawatts are
dC1
dC2
=
0.15
P
1 +150;
dP1
dP2 = 0.25 P1 +175
PLoss
The system is operating on economic dispatch with P1= P2= 200 MW and P = 0.2.
2
Find the penalty factor of plant 1.

(Ans: 1.5625)

3. A power system has two generating plants and the power is being dispatched
economically with P1= 150 MW and P2 = 275 MW. The loss coefficients are :
B11 = 0.0001 MW-1
B12 = -0.00001 MW-1
B22 = 0.00013 MW-1
To raise the total load on the system by 1 MW will cost at additional Rs. 200 per hour.
Find a) the penalty factor for plant 1, and b) additional cost per hour to increase the
output of plant by 1 MW.
4. Determine the economic operating point for three units when delivering a total cost of
850 MW. Fuel cost functions of the units are:
F1 =561 + 7.92P1+ 0.001562P12 $/hr,
F2 =310 +7.85P2+ 0.00194P22 $/hr and
F3 = 78 + 7.97P3 + 0.00482 P22 $/hr.
(Ans: 393.3 MW, 334.6 MW, 122.2 MW)

i.

Starting from the optimum schedule determined above, calculated the dispatch
schedule for a total load of 900 MW using Participation factor method.
(Ans: 416.7 MW, 353.6 MW, 129.7 MW)

ii.

For the generator cost function shown above, solve the economic dispatch
problem using gradient method (1st order gradient method). Assume = 1.0,
starting value of P1,P2, P3 as 300 MW, 200 MW and 300 MW respectively, and
initial value of equal to the average of the incremental costs of the generators at
their starting generation values. (Perform two iterations only)

iii.

For the generator cost function as shown above, solve economic load dispatch
problem using reduced gradient method. Hint: Eliminate P3, use same initial
assumptions for , P1, P2 and same as in problem ii. (Perform two iterations
only)

iv.

For the generator cost function as shown above, solve economic load dispatch
problem using Newtons method starting from the same initial values of P1, P2
and as in problem ii.
(Ans: 369.687 MW, 315.697 MW, 114.616 MW)

5.

Starting with the same units and fuel costs as in problem 4, solve the economic load
dispatch problem (up to 2nd iteration only), if the expression of loss is given by
Ploss= (3 P12 + 9 P22 + 12 P32) x 10-5

6. A power plant has three units with the following cost characteristics:
F1 =5000 + 215 P1+ 0.5 P12 Rs/hr,
F2 = 5000 +270 P2+ 1.0 P22 Rs/hr and
F3 = 9000 + 160 P3 + 0.7 P22 Rs/hr
where P s are the generating powers in MW. The maximum and minimum loads
allowable on each unit are 150 and 39 MW. Find the economic scheduling for a
total load of

i) 320 MW

ii) 200 MW

(Ans: i) 139.193 MW, 42.0965 MW, 138.7093 MW

ii) 71 MW, 39 MW and 90 MW)

7. A power plant has two units with the following cost characteristics:
C1 = 0.6 P1+200 P1 + 2000 Rs / hour
C2 = 1.2 P2+150 P2+ 2500 Rs / hour

where P1 and P2 are the generating powers in MW. The daily load cycle is as follows:
6:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. 150 MW
6:00 P.M. to 6:00 A.M. 50 MW
The cost of taking either unit off the line and returning to service after 12 hours is Rs
5000. Maximum generation of each unit is 100 MW. Considering 24 hour period from
6:00 A.M. one morning to 6:00 A.M. the next morning:
a. Would it be economical to keep both units in service for this 24 hour period or
remove one unit from service for 12 hour period from 6:00 P.M. one evening to
6:00 A.M. the next morning?
b. Compute the economic schedule for the peak load and off peak load conditions.
c. Calculate the optimum operating cost per day.
d. If operating one unit during off peak load is decided, up to what cost of taking
one unit off and returning to service after 12 hours, this decision is acceptable?
e. If the cost of taking one unit off and returning to service after 12 hours exceeds
the value calculated in d, what must be done during off-peak period?
8. The input output characteristics is given by a cubic function as follows:
F=A+BP+CP2+CP3 $/hr, P being in MW
A

749.55

6.95

9.68x10-4

1.27x10-7

1285.00

7.051

7.375x10-4

6.453x10-8

1531.00

6.531

1.04x10-3

9.98x10-8

Unit

Find the optimum scheduling using Lambda Iteration method starting from i) 8 $ per
MWh ii) 10 $ per MWh for the following three units. The total load is 2500 MW and
power limits are: 320 MW P1 800 MW, 300 MW P2 1200 MW and 275 MW
P3 1100 MW.

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