COMPUTERS A CHRONOLOGICAL TIMELINE 1940s FIRST GENERATION 1939 Their fi sound 1940 Design: phone 1941 The Z3 lation f The Bor 1942 The AB( BO Project The Rel 1944 The Har used by 1946 The ENI raries, | 1948 ‘The Sel positior to the Hewlett-Packard is founded in California ist product was the popular HP 200A Audio Oscillator, used as effects generators for Walt Disney Pictures movie “Fantasia” Complex Number Calculator (CNC) ied by researcher George Stibitz and completed by Bell Tele- Laboratories, Z3.computer /Bombe was built by German engineer Konrad Zuse in complete iso- rom developments elsewhere, be was used to decrypt Nazi Military communications Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) iC was designed and built by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry at lowa State College Project Whirlwind /Relay interpolator Whirlwind was a simulator to train bomber crews. Jay Interceptor assisted in testing its M-9 Gun Director. Harvard Mark-1 / Colossus rvard Mark-1 was a room-sized, relay-based calculator. The Colossus was designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers y the Nazis during WWI “First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC” lead to the mainstream computers we know today. ENIAC /AVIDAC AC improved by 1,000 times on the speed of its contempo- IBM SSEC lective Sequence Electronic Calculator produced the moon- n tables used for plotting the course of the 1969 Apollo flight. moon. TGA an ee eee1949 | EDSAC/ Manchester Mark! The first practical stored-program computer. Fe The Manchester Mark | computer functioned as a complete system Using the Williams tube for memory. 950s 2ND GEN: TRANSISTORS 1950 | ERA 1101 /SEAC/Pilot ACE ERA 1101 was the first commercially produced computer. SEAC was the first computer to use all-diode logic. Alan Turing’s philosophy directed design of Britain’s Pilot ACE 1951 |MITWhirlwind The first computer with a reliable OS, running 35 hours a week at 90-percent utility using an electrostatic tube memory. 1951 | LEO/UNIVACI Leo, England's frst commercial computer, solved clerical problems. UNIVAC |, used by US. Census Bureau, was the first commercial com- puter to attract widespread public attention, 1952 |MANIAC Based on John von Neumann’s !AS computer at the Institute for Ad: vanced Studies in Princeton, NJ. 4 ins 1953 |IBM701 IBM shipped its first electronic computer, the 701. 1954 |IBM650 The IBM 650 magnetic drum calculator established itself as the first mass-produced computer, selling 450 in one year. 1956 | MITTXO. The first general-purpose, programmable computer built at MIT with transistors. 1958 | SAGE Semi-Automatic Ground Environment — linked hundreds of radar stations in the United States and Canada in the first large-scale com: puter communications network. 1958 | NEAC 1101 Japan’s NEC builds the country’s first electronic computer 1959 |IBMSTRETCH 1BM‘s 7000 series mainframes were the company’s first transistor- pg (228 computes960s 3RD GEN: MICROPROCESSOR 1960 | DEC PDP-1 ‘The precursor to the minicomputer. oe Re NE ae ee Ree Oe nee a oe 1961 | IBM 1401 The 1401 mainframe replaced the vacuum tube with smaller, more reliable transistors and used a magnetic core memory. 1962 | LINC (Laboratory Instrumentation Computer) The first real time laboratory data processing machine 1964 | IBM System 360 A family of six mutually compatible computers and 40 peripherals that could work together. 1964 | CDC 6600 The fastest computer of its time performed up to 3 million instruct tions per second - three times faster than the IBM Stretch, 1965 | DEC PDP-8 The first commercially successful minicomputer. 1966 | ILLIAC IV ‘The first large-scale array computer. 1966 | HP-2115 Hewlett-Packard entered the general purpose computer business with its HP-2115, 1968 |Nova ‘The Nova is introduced, with 32 kilobytes of memory, for $8,000. 1968 | Apollo Guidance Computer The Apollo Guidance Computer made its debut orbiting the Earth on Apollo 7, 4970S 4THGEN: MICROCOMPUTER1970S 4THGEN: MICROCOMPUTER [ium 1971 |Kenback1 The fist personal computer, advertised for $750 in Scientific Ameri- 1972 |HP-35 The HP-35 was a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer. 1973 |TV Typewriter / Micral The first display of alphanumeric text on an ordinary television set. ‘The Micral was the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer based on a micro-processor. 1974 | Xerox Alto / Scelbi 8H ‘The first work station with a built-in mouse for input. The first commercially advertised U.S. computer based on a micro- processor 1975 | MITS Altair /Tandem-16 The Altair was based on Intel's 8080 microprocessor, and ran on BASIC. The Tandem was the first fault-tolerant computer, for online transac- tion processing, 1976 | Apple|/Cray! Steve Wozniak designed the Apple| later seling it with Steve Jobs The Cray | was the first commercially successful vector processor. 1977 |Commodore PET ‘The Commodore Personal Electronic Transactor was the first of sev- eral personal computers released in 1977. 1977 |Applell/TRS-80 The Apple became an instant success when released in 1977. The TRS-80 was Tandy Radio Shack’s first desktop computer. 1978 | VAX 11/780 The VAX 11/780 had the ability to address up to 43 gigabytes of virtual memory, 100 times the capacity of most minicomputers. 1979 | Atari 400 and 800 Atari introduces the Mode! 400 and 800 Computers with gaming abilities. 1980s Rise OF MICROCOMPUTER | ai] eee 1287/18 PC/Osbome! —1981 |IBMPC/Osbomel IBM introduced its PC, igniting a fast growth of the PC market. ‘Adam Osborne releases the first portable computer, the Osborne |, which weighed 24 pounds and cost $1,795. 1982 | Cray XMP / Commodore 64 He Cray XMP almost doubled the OS of competing machines. The C64 sold for $595 came with 64KB of RAM and featured impres- sive graphics, it eventually sold for 22 million units by 1993. 1983 | Apple Lisa The first personal computer with a graphical user interface. 1983 |Compaq PC ‘Compaq introduced first PC clone that used the same software as the IBM PC }984 | Apple Macintosh per launches the first successful mouse-driven computer with a ‘graphic user interface. 1984 | IBM PC Jr. @ IBM released its PC Jr. and PC-AT. The PC Jr. falled but the PC-AT proved to be several times faster than original PC. SYSTEMI.O a ay WiNDOWs 1.0 1985 | Amiga 1000 ‘Commodore's Amiga 1000 sold for $1,295 dollars (without monitor) and had surpassed audio and video capabilities of other PCs, 1986 | Connection Machine Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corp. develops the concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine. 1987 | IBM PS/2 IBM introduced its PS/2 machines, which made the 3 1/2-inch floppy SYSTEMS.0 ‘gam disk drive and video graphics array standard for BM computers. 1988 | NeXT The first personal computer to incorporate a drive for an optical stor- ‘SYSTEM 60 age disk and object-oriented languages to simplify programming, 1990 | Macintosh Iifx /Amiga 3000 a Based on a 40 MHz version of the 68030 the lifx achieved 10 MIPS. Commodore releases the Amiga 3000, the frst 32-bit Amiga.1991 SYSTEM 7.0 1992 1993 Intel re version: 1994 Intel re 1995 ext, release @ pentium] Ye 1997 instruct oso 1998 a The Pos CDOTV ‘Commodore release the CDTY, an Amiga multimedia appliance with CD-ROM drive but no floppy drive. PowerPC 601 ‘The PowerPC 601was the first generation of PowerPC processors, P5 Pentium eases the P5-based Pentium processor, with 60 and 66 MHz S. Pentium Processor 100 MHz eases the 100 MHz version of the Pentium Processor. Sony Playstation Sony releases its first PlayStation — To date, over 100 million have been sold. [Toshiba Libretto ‘Toshiba's Libretto was the smallest PC compatible computer to be cd. Pentium2/Deep Blue The Pentium Il featured a larger on-chip cache as well as an expanded tion set. IBM's Deep Blue is the first computer to beat Garry Kasparov at chess. iMac Apple announces the iMac. }999 | PowerlViac G4 / AMD Athlon 750 MHz ywerMac G4 by Apple is powered by Motorolas G4 chip. AMD releases an Athlon clocked at 750 MHz. 2000 AMD ar 2001 Os 1 GHz Pentium and Athlon / Playstation 2 ind Intel release chips clocked at 1 GHz. Sony releases the PlayStation 2. ‘Mac OS X /Windows XP / Linux 2.4.0 New versions of the three major operating systems are released,New versions of the three major operating systems are released. 2002 | Blackberry RIM releases the first BlackBerry smartphone, 2003 | PowerPC G5 / Athlon 64 Apple releases the PowerPC GS. AMD releases the Athlon 64, 2004 | NVIDIA GeForce 6800 NVIDIA releases GeForce 6800, showing more than 100% increase in productivity compared with the fastest card on the market 2005 | Pentium D / Athlon 64 X2 / Microsoft XBOX 360 Intel and AMD release their first dual-core 64-bit desktop processors. Microsoft releases the Xbox 360. é gy |__| aazq 2006 | Macbook Pro/ Intel Core 2 / Playstation 3 /Wii The MacBook Pro, their first dual-core Intel based mobile computer. Leopard 105. Vista a Sony and Nintendo release the PS3 and Wii, respectively. 2007 | iPhone / ASUS Eee PC The first iPhone was introduced by Apple. ‘The first ASUS Eee PC introduces the netbook category of laptops. 2008 | HTC Dream / Google Android ‘The HTC Dream is released - the first commercially available phone to run the newly released Android operating system by Google. 2010 | iPad ‘Apple releases the iPad, a tablet computer that bridges the gap be- tween smartphones and laptops. Snow Leopard 7 105 Peters Dee eae ante pesca esiesearsaie ny eeeionribaiies