E2-E3/CFA/Switching Lab.

Rev date:01-04-2011Page: 4
For Internal Circulation OnlyBSNL, India
EWSD System Description

Digital Line Unit (DLU) :Analog or Digital subscribers, PBX lines are terminated on DLU. DLUs can be usedlocally within the
exchange or remotely as remote switch unit.

Line/ Trunk Group (LTG) :The line/trunk groups (LTG) is the sub system in EWSD exchange which forms theinterface between the
digital environment of an EWSD exchange and the switchingnetwork(SN).Here line as ISDN PRI,V5.2
and trunks are connected.

Switching Network (SN) :Switching network performs the switching function for speech as well as for messages inEWSD
exchange.

Co-ordination Processor (CP) :The coordination processors (CP) does the main call processing and other functions likerouting, Zoning,
safeguarding etc.

Message Buffer (MB):Message Buffer is the module for coordinating internal message traffic between the CP,the SN, the LTGs
and the CCNC in an exchange.

Common Channel Signaling Network Control(CCNC):The MTP function of CCS#7 are handled by the common channel signaling network control(CCNC).The
UP is incorporated in the software of relevant LTG.

System panel Display (SYPD):It is to display system internal alarms and the CP load. The SYPD also displays externalalarms such as
fire and air- conditioning system failure.

Central Clock Generator (CCG):

It is for the synchronization of the exchange & for the network.

E2-E3/CFA/Switching Lab. Rev date:01-04-2011Page: 5

For Internal Circulation OnlyBSNL, India

Layout of EWSD exchange in ALTTC is given above

E2-E3/CFA/Switching Lab. Rev date:01-04-2011Page: 6

For Internal Circulation OnlyBSNL, India
.
5ESS Lab
Trainees will be shown lab equipment such as SM, CM, AM and inter connectivitythrough NCT Links
and DSCH Cables.

5ESS hardware
Block Diagram of 5ESS switching system is shown below:
Fig:1
SM: Switching ModuleAM: Administrative ModuleCM: Communication ModuleHSM: Host Switchi
ng ModuleLSM: Local Switching ModuleRSM: Remote Switching ModuleNCT: Network Control &
TimingDSCH: Dual Series ChannelMMRSM: Multi Mode RSM
DSCHAMPSM CM LSMHSM HSMRSM RSM RSMMMRS
NCT LINK

5ESS Electronic Switching System

Introduction
Welcome to the world of the 5ESS. In this file I will be covering the switch topology,
hardware, software,and how to program the switch. I am sure this file will make a few people
pissed off <grin> over atBellCORE.Anyways, the 5ESS switch is the best (I think) all around
switch. Far better then an NT. NT has spenttoo much time with SONET and their S/DMS
TransportNode OC48. Not enough time with ISDN, likeAT$T has done. Not only that, but

DMS 100s are slow, slow, slow! Though I must hand it to NT, theirDMS-1 is far better then
AT$T's SLC-96.
What is the 5ESS
The 5ESS is a switch. The first No. 5ESS in service was cut over in Seneca, Illinois (815) in
the early1982. This test ran into a few problem, but all and all was a success. The 5ESS is a
digital switchingsystem, this advantage was realized in No. 4 ESS in 1976. The 5ESS
network is a TST (Time SpaceTime) topology, the TSIs (Time Slot Interchangers) each have
their own processor, this makes the 5ESSone of the faster switches. Though I hear some ATM
switches are getting up there.
What is C-Dot
The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) is an Indian Government owned telecommunications technology
development centre. It was established in 1984 with initial mandate of designing and developing digital exchanges. CDOT has expanded to develop intelligent computer software applications. It has offices in Delhi, Bangalore and Kolkata.
It is one of the 2 Indian Government organisations which have been appraised at Maturity Level 5 of CMMI-DEV v1.3,
other being Bharat Electronics Limited(BEL) Software Technology Centre.

PREFACE
Since time immemorial, a man has tried hard to bring the world as close to himself as
possible. His thirst for information is hard to quench so he has continuously tried to develop
new
technologies,
which
have
helped
to
reach
the
objective.
The world we see today is a result of the continuous research in the field of communication,
which started with the invention of telephone by Grahm Bell to the current avtar as we see in
the form INTERNET and mobile phones. All these technologies have come to existence
because
man
continued
its
endeavor
towards
the
objective.
This project report of mine, STUDY OF TRENDS TECHNOLOGIES IN
COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING has been a small effort in reviewing the
trends technologies prevailing. For this purpose, no organization other than BAHRAT
SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED could have been a better choice.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CDOT DSS MAX XL SYSTEM.
1. SCOPE
This engineering instruction describes the general features & facilities provided by CDOT MAX-XL system.

2. GENERAL

2.1 C-DOT DSS MAX XL is a universal digital switch, which can be configured for
different application as local, transit or integrated local cum transit switch. The hardware
architecture of C-DOT DSS MAX XL utilizes state of the art microcircuitry & modular
packaging. It utilizes advanced concept in hardware design such as duplicated & distributed
microprocessor based control, hybrid integrated circuit & single chip digital signal processors
for MF& DTMF receivers. The software has been written in high level language(C) & the
man machine interface language is a simple English like language. Now CDOT DSS
Exchange can upgrade to provide ISDN service by adding minimum additional hardware
units.
2.2 The system employs a T-S-T switching configuration and is based on a 32 channel PCM
structure. It uses a basic rate of 64 Kbps & 2 mbps primary multiplexing rate. Basic memory
unit has been implemented as a 16MB dynamic RAM board with 256 KB as basic dynamic
RAM chip. Single chip digital signal processors are used for implementing DTMF & MF
receivers.
3.0 Basic Modules.
CDOT DSS MAX-XL exchanges can be configuired from four basic modules.(Figure- 1)
(i) Base Modules.
(ii) Central Modules.
(iii) Administrative Modules.

(iv) Input-Output Modules.

(v) Line Modules.
4. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE IN C-DOT DSS MAX-XL.
4.1 BASE MODULE- BM-XL is the basic growth unit of CDOT DSS. It interfaces the
external world to the switch. The interface may be subscriber lines, analog & digital trunks,
CCM & PBX lines & digital links from remote modules & line concentrators. Each Base
Module can interface up to 2024 terminations. The numbers of BM directly correspond to the
exchange size. COT MAX-L & CDOT MAX-XL can contain maximum 16 & 32 BM
respectively. One BM contains four TUs, one BPU & one TSU. Base Module can be
remotely located as a RSU, parented to the main exchange using PCM links.
4.1.1 Function of BM.
Basic function of BM areI. Analog to Digital conversion of all signals on analog subscriber, trunks lines and
interfacing digital trunks.
II. Switching calls between terminals connected to the same BM

III. Communication with the AM via CM for administrative & mtce. functions and also for
call processing functions.
IV. Provision of special circuits for calls processing support e.g. digital tones,
announcements, terminal tester, and MF/DTMF controller etc
V. Provision for local switching & metering in case of RSU application in standalone mode.
In stand-alone application (i.e. SBM) the BM acts as an independent switching system
& can provide switching of up to 1500 lines & 100 trunks. In such application, it directly
interfaces with the IOM for bulk data storage and operation & maintenance function. The BM
itself carries out the function of the AM. Clock & synchronization is provided by source
within the base module.
BM can be act as a remote switching module & communicate with host exchange via
digital links. Speed of digital link is 2 Mbps. Even when digital links fail between RSU and
main exchange, local call processing function will not be affected within the RSU.
The BM hardware is spread over following type of units.
1. Analogue Terminal Unit Analogue TU is used for interfacing analogue lines & trunks
& providing special circuits.
2. Digital Terminal Unit - Digital TU is used for interfacing digital trunks.
3. #7 Signaling Unit Module to support SS7 protocol handlers and some call processing
function for CCS7 calls.
4. ISDN Terminal Unit- To support termination of BRI/PRI interfaces and implementation
of lower layers of DSS1 signaling protocol.
5. Time Switch Unit - TSU used for voice and message switching and provision of service
circuits.
6. Base Processor Unit BPU used for control message communication and call processing
functions.
Terminal Unit (TU 1)
Terminal Unit (TU 2)
Terminal Unit (TU 3)
Terminal Unit (TU 4)

Base Processor Unit (BPU)

Time Switch Unit (TSU)
4.1.1 Terminal Unit - TU provides interface to ordinary subscribers, CCB subscribers,
PABX subscribers, interexchange analog& digital trunks & Digital links from remote
concentrator or remote BM. One TU can support a maximum of 128 terminals & employs
two TIC (one active & other standby) for managing the processing functions. Each TU
consists of 26 slots. TU frame is equipped with Line circuit cards, TWT cards, power supply
units, E & M four wire trunk cards, Announcement cards lines & trunk cards & duplicated
control cards namely Terminal unit interface cards, TIC cards & signaling processor cards.
Each line card contains eight-termination circuit. The lines & trunk are offered BORSCHT
functions on the Terminal card.
BORSCHT stands for B battery feed, O over voltage protection, R ringing, S
supervision, C coding& decoding, H hybrid & T - testing.
BM also defined the TEN number of subscriber. 2 nd, 3rd, 4th & 5th digit of Terminal
Equipment Number shows Rack No., Frame No., Slot No. & Terminal Circuit No. Of
particular BM respectively. While 1st digit of TEN shows particular BM No. Of exchange.
BM No. Rack No. Frame No
(1-32) (1-3) (1-6)
Slot No. Termination circuit No.
(1-26) (1-8)
4.1.2 SS7 Signaling Unit Module (SUM)- Any one of the ATU or DTU in a BM can be
replaced by SUM frame to support CCS7 signaling.
4.1.3 ISDN Terminal Unit (ISTU)
One of the four ATUs/DTUs in a BM can be replaced by ISTU to provide BRI/PRI interface
in CDOT DSS. The only constraint is that ISTU has to be principal TU i.e. directly connected
to TSU on 8 Mbps PCM link . The ATU/DTU cannot be used in concentration with ISTU.
4.1.4 BASE PROCESSOR UNIT BPU is the master controller in the BM. It is used for
I. Call processing function (call processing subsystem software)
II. Administration function. (Admn subsystem software).
III. Maintenance (mtce subsystem software).
a). Fault detection (Detect faulty unit).

b). Fault localization (locate particular faulty card).

IV. Database All data available in memory card of BPU.
V. Operating System Manage all schedules of program.
It is implemented as a duplicated controller with memory unit.
BM-XL is modified at Base Processor shelf to cater for increased BHCA capacity. The conventional BIC & BID cards
are eliminated & only Base Processor Controller (BPC) card and Base Memory Extender (BME) card having 16 MB memory
are provided in MAX-XL exchange. The power supply card in BPU is KO5. BUT of BM-XL is implemented as a duplicated 16-bit
controller with memory units. These duplicated sub units are realized in the form of the Base Processor Controller (BPC) &
Base Memory Extender (BME) cards. BPC controls time switching within the BM via the Base Master Switch and the Time
Switch Controller. It communicates with the Administrative Processor via BMS for operations & maintenance functions. BMS is
said to consist of MSC & MSD card whereas in XL Hardware, BMS consist of HMS card. In SBM configuration, BPC directly
interfaces with the ADP & IOM. Figure 2 summarizes the various units and sub units of the BM. Nowadays 32MB High
Performance Processor Cards (HPC) used instead of BPC to support 8,00,000 BHCA.

4.1.5 TIME SWITCH UNIT (Figure 3) Basic function of TSU are I. Time Switching within BM
II. Routing of control messages within the Base Module & across Base Modules.
III. Service unit for providing call processing supports services like MF/ DTMF circuits, answering circuits & tones etc.
4.1.5.1 Service Unit - Service Unit is integrated around three different cards as Tone Generator with answering circuit (TGA),
Service circuit Interface Controller (SCIC) &MF/DTMF Controller (MFC) card. MF/DTMF Circuit is implemented by using single
chip, 4- channel digital signal processors. Two MFC cards are grouped to form a terminal group. Up to four MFC Cards can be
equipped. The TGA & two groups of MFCs form three terminal groups towards service circuit interface.
4.1.5.2 Base Message Switch - BMS routes the control messages within the BM, across different BMs & also AM via the CM.
It is implemented as a duplicated MSC (16-bit microprocessor) with six direct HDLC links and the message Switch Device
(MSD) card implementing 16-switched HDLC links. As a unit 22 HDLC channels are implemented for communication with the
Base Processor. Time Switch Controller, SCIC, TIC within the BM and the four CMS complexes in CM. It acts as a message
transfer points between the Base Processor and these controllers. It receives messages from the Base Processor and
transmits them towards the appropriate controllers.
4.1.5.3 Time Switch The Time Switch receives the following PCM links & performs time switching on them for switching
within the BM.
- Four, 128 channel multiplexes from four different Terminal Units.
- One 128-channel multiplex from the service Circuits Interface Controllers.
- Three 128-channel links to support on board three party conference circuits.
It multiplexes these 128 channel links to from 512 channel, 4Mbps multiplexed bus towards the CM. The individual
buses are called Bus 0& Bus1. Besides this it also provides network switched path for message communication between BMs
between BM & CM.

4.2 CENTRAL MODULE

The basic function of CM is

I. Bus Termination.
II. Space Switching.
III. Space switching control
IV. Administration
CM is responsible for space switching have inter modules calls & communication
between BMs & AM. For this function, CM has a space switch, space switch controller and a
central message switch. CM-XL provides connectivity to up to 32 BM-XL. Each BM-XL
interface with CM-XL via two 512 channel parallel buses each operating at 4Mbps. It
provides control message communication between any BMs for operation & mtce. Function.
It also provides clock & synchronization on a centralized basis.
4.2.1 Space Switch And Space Switch Controller
MUX cards extract time slots 0& 1 from Bus 0& Bus 1 from the BMs. These Time
Slots carrying control information are simultaneously extracted by the two MUX Cards for
higher reliability. Since each MUX cards receives both Bus 0& Bus 1, it extracts total 4 time
slots. These time slots from each BM are sent to the CMS. The CMS sends these time slots to
the Space Switch Controller on a 128-channel link. The SSC controls the space switching
based upon this information. Space Switch is implemented on three cards two MUX Cards
& a space Switch card.
4.2.2 Central Message switch
CMS is the central message transfer point of switch. It is implemented as four
different message switches, working in load sharing mode. All CMSs are used for routing of
messages across the Base Modules. On the other hand only CMS1 & CMS2 interface with
the Administrative Processor for routing control message between Base Processors &
Administrative Processor. This communication is used to access office data for routing intermodule calls and administration and maintenance function.
Bus Termination Unit (BTU)
Space Switching Unit (SSU)
Space Switching Unit (SSU
Bus Termination Unit (BTU
Space Switching Controller Unit (SSCU)

Administration Processor Unit (APU)

4.3 ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE
AM performs system level resources allocation and processing function on a
centralized basis. It performs all the memory and time intensive call processing support
functions and also administration & maintenance function. AM-XL consists of a duplicated
16/32-bit controller called the Administrative Processor Controller. It communicates with
Base Processors via the Central Message Switch for control messages and with the duplicated
Input Output Processors in the Input Output Module for interfacing peripheral devices.
4.4 INPUT OUTPOUT MODULE
IOM-XL consists of a duplicated Input Output Processor. Input Output Processor VH consist of single VHC card as
against HOC, IAS, PER & SAC cards of IOP-XL. Input Output Processor is, to a great extent, a 32-bit general-purpose
computer system that interfaces peripheral devices like disk drives, cartridge tape drive and floppy drive. It support printer and
up to 24 serial ports for video display units that are used for man machine communication interface. IOP-VH is controlled by
the Administrative Processor for data communication and code and data loading during module or system initialization.

4.5 ALARM DISPLAY PANEL

Alarm Display Panel (ADP) is a microprocessor based hardware unit, which is
attached to the BP (in SBM configuration) or AP (in MBM configuration) via HDLC links for
providing audio-visual indication of system faults. It is a three-card implementation. A matrix
of LEDs is provided to indicate the maintenance status of the switch units and their level of
initialization. A seven-segment display shows the count of links and trunks currently faulty.
Keys are provides for manual acknowledgment, initiating self-test and selective audio
disable.
5. SYSTEM CAPACITY The capacity of CDOT MAX-XL is defined in terms of the
following parameters.
I. The termination capacity as lines & trunks The CDOT MAX-XL can support up to
40,000 lines & 5500 trunks or up to 14,500 trunks depending upon its
configuration as local exchange or TAX exchange.
II. The amount of traffic that can be switched The traffic capacity of CDOT MAX-XL is up to 8000 erlangs. This figure is based
on the ideal traffic of one erlang / switched circuit. Normally a figure of 0.8E traffic per circuit is considered to be
practical & the above capacities may be reduced accordingly. Capacities are reduced to not less than 7,500 Erlangs.
III. The number of Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) that can be processed Base processor has the capability of
handling 12,500 BHCA, which can be increased to 30,000 using upgraded processor card. The CDOT MAX
XL exchange with 32 BM handle up to 3,00,000 BHCA. By upgrading the processor card, it is increased to
8,00,000 BHCA.

Various exchange configuration & their traffic capacities are given in below table.

SN Exchang
e

Configuration Termination capacity

BHCA

1.

SBM-L

1BM+2LMs

1500 Lines + 128 8500

Trunks or 450 Trunks
only

Medium size rural

switch.

2.

MAX-L

16 BMs-L

20,000 Lines + 3,000 1,30,000

Trunks
or
7200
Trunks only

Large
size
urban/Metropolitan
switch

3.

SBM-XL

1BM+2LMs

1500 Lines + 128

Medium size rural

switch.

4.

MAXXL

32BMs-L

40000 Lines + 6000 3,00,000

Trunks or 14500
Trunks only

Very
Large
capacity switch for
Metropolitan area

5.

RSU

1BMXL+2LMs

2000 Lines

Remotely
switch.

12,500

12,500

Application

located

6.0 CCS-7 Signaling Feature

Apart from handling CAS schemes, CDOT MAX-XL also supports CCITT (ITU-T) Signaling System No. (CCS 7).
The implementation of Message Transfer Part (MTP) is such that the C-DOT MAX-XL can function both as a Signaling Point &
a Signal Transfer Point. The STP function does not affect the call handling performance of the switch. Presently, among the
level 4 user parts, the Telephone User Part (TUP) & plain telephony services of ISDN User Part (ISUP) have been
implemented. Later software releases will also incorporate the other features of ISDN user Part (ISUP), signaling connection
Control Part (SCCP), Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) etc. as per CCITT (ITU-T) recommendations.
7.0 ISDN FEATURES
The ISDN traffic is of two distinct types
I Circuit switched voice & data.
II Packet switched data.
In case of circuit switched voice & data, the traffic is routed through ISDN/PSTN network. In case of packet switched
data, the packet traffic is routed /circuit switched to PSPDN where packet processing takes place.
In CDOT MAX-XL architecture the ISDN interfaces are terminated on a new add on terminal unit as ISTU. A max. of
256 bearer channels are provided by integrating one ISTU, which can be configured to support any combination of BRI or PRI
interfaces. If the requirement of BRI / PRI interfaces are more than 256 bearer channels one or more ISTUs can be integrated
in CDOT MAX XL with the option of equipping them in the same BM or distributed across different BMs in the exchange. One

of the ATUs/DTUs in a BM can be replaced by ISTU. The only constraint is that ISTU has to be principal TU i.e. directly
connected to TSU on 8 Mbps PCM link. The ATU/DTU cannot be used in concentration with ISTU.
In CDOT MAX-XL, the entire PSTN feature available for analog subscriber is also available to ISDN subscribers.
8.0 RSU Status
Remote Switch Unit is an integral part of CDOT MAX-XL. For connectivity of RSU, the normal switch can be modified
for remote location & communication with the host exchange via 2 mbps digital links.
If ESL card is provided in CM-L one local BM & one RSU can be connected. ESM card is required for in CM-XL
Exchange for connecting remote switch unit. Total 16 numbers of PSM/ESM cards are provided in copy-1 Base Termination
Unit. Hence the number of RSUs is limited to 16 nos. only in case of remotely located BM. For RSU working a minimum of 4
PCM s and a max. Of 16 PCMs (2 MB streams) are required. As per the traffic condition and the number of terminations at RSU
the PCM links between the MAX-XL and RSU can be added by software commands.
9.0
SUBSCRIBER
9.1 Basic Services

FEATURES

OF

CDOT

MAX-XL

EXCHANGES.

- Subscriber can dial local, national, international calls.

- Push button dialing services provided to subscribers to use push button telephone sets employing DTMF signals.
- Ordinary & STD Coin collecting Box lines are provided.
- Number Identification service (Calling line identification presentation, Calling line identification restriction & Calling line
identification restriction override)
- Call forwarding facilities.
- Multi- Party (conference) services
- ISDN Supplementary services.
9.2 OTHER SERVICES.
- Hot line Timed & without timed out services.
- Morning alarm facility.
- Call restriction services.
- Call forwarding facility.
- Conference facility.
- Malicious call identification facility.
- Dialing by TEN.
- Trunk offering Facility.
- Priority Subscriber.
- Subscriber controlled call restriction services.

BM-XL - BASE MODULE

CM-XL- CENTRAL MODULE
AM-XL ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE
IOM-XL INPUT OUTPUT MODULE
ADP - ALARM DISPLAY PANEL
MDF - MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME
RSU REMOTE SWITCH UNIT