29/08/2016
BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
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ABOUTUS
Bluetooth What is Bluetooth?
BY DINESH THAKUR
Bluetooth is, with the infrared, one of the major
wireless technologies developed to achieve
WPAN.BluetoothisawirelessLANtechnologyused
to connect devices of different functions such as
telephones, computers (laptop or desktop),
notebooks,cameras,printersandsoon.
Bluetooth
project
was
started by
SIG
(Special
Interest
Group)
formedby
four
companies IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba for
interconnecting computing and communicating
devicesusingshortrange,lowerpower,inexpensive
wirelessradios.
TheprojectwasnamedBluetoothafterthenameof
Viking king Harald Blaatand who unified
DenmarkandNorwayin10thcentury.
Nowadays,Bluetoothtechnologyisusedforseveral
computerandnoncomputerapplication:
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What Is Transmission
Website Developement
Media ? Types Of
Computer Fundamental
Transmission Media.
Transmission Media
Transmission Modes
What Are The Different
Computer Networking
Computer Network
Comm. Networks
Transmission Modes?
Network Tech.
ALOHA What Is ALOHA?
Multiple Access
What Is Data
Switching
Transmission? Types Of
Data Transmission.
What Is Congestion
IP Address Sys
Routing
Control? Describe The
Services / App.
Congestion Control
Security
Algorithm Commonly
Used
Structured Query (SQL)
Java Script
Types Of Routers
Data Communication
HTML Language
What Is Data
Cascading Style Sheet
Communication?
C Programming
What Is Difference
(Theory)
C Programming
Between UTP And STP
(Pratical)
Visual Basic
Cable?
What Is Error Correction
C++ Programming
And Detection?
Java Programming
OSI (Open Systems
Java Servlet
Interconnection)
Java Server Pages
Reference Model
Computer Graphics
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
1. It is used for providing communication between
MAC Layer What Is MAC
peripheral devices like wireless mouse or keyboard
withthecomputer.
Layer Protocols?
2. It is used by modern healthcare devices to send
signalstomonitors.
Short Note On Coaxial
3.Itisusedbymoderncommunicatingdeviceslike
mobile phone, PDAs, palmtops etc to transfer data
rapidly.
TwistedPair : What Is
Digital Electronics
TwistedPair Cable?
C# Programming
What Is
Database System
4.Itisusedfordialupnetworking.Thusallowinga
notebookcomputertocallviaamobilephone.
Hubs/Repeaters/Bridges/Router/Switches/
5. It is used for cordless telephoning to connect a
handsetanditslocalbasestation.
Cyclic Redundancy Check
6. It also allows handsfree voice comml1nication
withheadset.
Sliding Window Protocol
How to
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring
python
7.Italsoenablesamobilecomputertoconnecttoa
fixedLAN.
Bound Transmission
8. It can also be used for file transfer operations
fromonemobilephonetoanother.
9. Bluetooth uses omnidirectional radio waves that
canthroughwallsorothernonmetalbarriers.
Bluetooth devices have a builtin short range radio
transmitter.Therateprovidedis1Mbpsanduses2.4
GHzbandwidth.
Bluetoothisthatwhenthedeviceiswithinthescope
of a other devices automatically start the
transfer information without the user noticing.
asmallnetwork between the devices is created and
theusercanaccessedasiftherewerecables.
Electronic Commerce
Management (MIS)
Coaxial Cable Write
Data Structures
Software Engineering
Cable
Struts 2 Tutorial
Transceivers/ Gateway
(CRC)
PHP (Hypertext
Preprocessor)
Troubleshooting
AngularJS Tutorial
Media What Is Bound
Transmission Media ?
Compiler Design
Type Of Bound
Transmission Media
Explain
Hamming Code
Unbound Transmission
Media What Is Unbound
Transmission Media.
Type Of Unbound
Transmission Media
Optical Fibers: What Is A
Optical Fibers?
What Is Piggybacking?
BluetoothArchitecture
Bluetooth What Is
Bluetooth architecture defines two types of
Bluetooth?
networks:
Stop & Wait Protocol
1.Piconet
What Is An Analog Signal?
2.Scattemet
1.Piconet
Characteristics Of Analog
Signal.
Data Link Layer
PiconetisaBluetoothnetworkthatconsistsofone
primary (master) node and seven active secondary
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
(slave)nodes.
Analog Vs Digital
Thus, piconet can have upto eight active nodes (1
masterand7slaves)orstationswithinthedistance
Difference And
of10meters.
How Does A Single Bit
Therecanbeonlyoneprimaryormasterstationin
eachpiconet.
Error Differs From Burst
The communication between the primary and the
secondarycanbeonetooneoronetomany.
What Is A Digital Signal?
Signal
Comparison
Error.
Characteristics Of Digital
Wireless Communication
What Is Wireless
Communication?
Broadband Versus
Baseband
IEEE 802.11: WIRELESS
LAN
Ethernet Cables What Is
An Ethernet Cable?
Gigabit Ethernet:
1000BaseSX, 1000Base
LX, 1000BaseCX, 1000
BaseT
Allcommunicationisbetweenmasterandaslave.
Encoding Techniques
Salveslavecommunicationisnotpossible.
And Codec
Inadditiontosevenactiveslavestation,apiconet
can have upto 255 parked nodes. These parked
Asynchronous Vs.
nodes are secondary or slave stations and cannot
take part in communication until it is moved from
Transmission Modes
parkedstatetoactivestate.
232C?
2.Scatternet
Optical Fiber Optical
Scattemet is formed by combining various
Transmission Modes
piconets.
Advantages And
A slave in one piconet can act as a master or
Disadvantages Of Optical
primaryinotherpiconet.
Fiber
Suchastationornodecanreceivemessagesfrom
Synchronous
RS232C What Is RS
Fast Ethernet : 100
the master in the first piconet and deliver the
BaseTX, 100 BaseFX,
message to its slaves in other piconet where it is
100 BaseT4
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
acting as master. This node is also called bridge
Satellite Communication
slave.
What Is A Satellite
Thusastationcanbeamemberoftwopiconets.
Communication?
Astationcannotbeamasterintwopiconets.
Microwave Transmission
What Is A Microwave
Transmission?
Routers What Is Router?
Characteristics Of
Routers. Router Protocols
ARCNet What Is ARCNet
Infrared Transmission
What Is A Infrared
Transmission?
What Is NICs (Network
Adapter)
Data Communication
Bridges What Is
Bridges? Bridge Protocols
ARPANET What Is
ARPANET?
Radio Wave What Is A
Radio Wave
Transmission?
BluetoothlayersandProtocolStack
What Are Transmission
Errors?
Bluetooth standard has many protocols that are
Gateways What Is
organizedintodifferentlayers.
Gateway? Characteristics
The layer structure of Bluetooth does not follow
Of Gateways.
OS1 model, TCP/IP model or any other known
What Is Parity Check?
model.
Digital Signal
The different layers and Bluetooth protocol
Transmission
architecture.
MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL
Repeaters What Is
Repeaters? Classification
Of Repeaters
Error Control In
Communication Networks
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
What Is Virtual LAN?
Characteristics Of VLAN.
HUB What Is Hub?
Flooding What Is
Flooding?
Tunneling What Is
Tunneling?
Quality Of Service (QOS)
Switching Hubs What Is
Switching Hubs?
Characteristics Of
RadioLayer
Switching Hub.
The Bluetooth radio layer corresponds to the
physicallayerofOSImodel.
Data Communication
Itdealswithratiotransmissionandmodulation.
Theradiolayermovesdatafrommastertoslaveor
viceversa.
It is a low power system that uses 2.4 GHz ISM
bandinarangeof10meters.
This band is divided into 79 channels of 1MHz
each.BluetoothusestheFrequencyHoppingSpread
Spectrum (FHSS) method in the physical layer to
avoidinterferencefromotherdevicesornetworks.
Bluetooth hops 1600 times per second, i.e. each
devicechangesitsmodulationfrequency1600times
persecond.
In order to change bits into a signal, it uses a
version of FSK called GFSK i.e. FSK with Gaussian
bandwidthfiltering.
BasebandLayer
Baseband layer is equivalent to the MAC sublayer
inLANs.
BluetoothusesaformofTDMAcalledTDDTDMA
(timedivisionduplexTDMA).
Software
10BASE T What Is
10BASET (Twisted Pair
Ethernet) ?
Ethernet Expansion
100Base T What Is
100Base T (Fast
Ethernet)? Type Of
100Base T
Layering The
Communications Process
Implementation Of LAN
Using FiberOptic Cable
10 Base 2 What Is
10Base2 (Thin Net/Black
Ethernet)
Network Architectures
10 Base 5 What Is
10Base5 (Thick
Net/Yellow Ethernet)?
Optical Source
BNC/TConnector
Optical Connectors
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
Master and slave stations communicate with each
Implementation Of LAN
otherusingtimeslots.
Using Wireless
Themasterineachpiconetdefinesthetimeslotof
Technology
625sec.
CDDI (Cable Distributed
In TDD TDMA, communication is half duplex in
whichreceivercansendandreceivedatabutnotat
Data Interface)
thesametime.
What Is An Transmission
If the piconet has only no slave the master uses
System?
evennumberedslots(0,2,4,...)andtheslaveuses
Transceiver What Is
oddnumbered slots (1, 3, 5, .... ). Both master and
Transceiver?
slave communicate in half duplex mode. In slot 0,
master sends & secondary receives in slot 1,
What Is Ethernet?
secondarysendsandprimaryreceives.
Ifpiconethasmorethanoneslave,themasteruses
even numbered slots. The slave sends in the next
oddnumberedslotifthepacketinthepreviousslot
wasaddressedtoit.
Transmission System
100VGAny LAN
What Is Transmission
Baseband?
What Is Broadband ISDN?
What Is Parity Bit?
What Is Half Duplex?
In Baseband layer, two types of links can be
What Is AppleTalk?
createdbetweenamasterandslave.Theseare:
What Is Asynchronous?
1.AsynchronousConnectionless(ACL)
What Is Communications?
Itisusedforpacketswitcheddatathatisavailable
atirregularintervals.
What Is Bit Error?
ACL delivers traffic on a best effort basis. Frames
canbelost&mayhavetoberetransmitted.
What Is EtherTalk?
AslavecanhaveonlyoneACLlinktoitsmaster.
What Is Ethernet Frame?
Thus ACL link is used where correct delivery is
preferredoverfastdelivery.
TheACLcan achieve a maximum data rate of 721
kbpsbyusingone,threeormoreslots.
2.SynchronousConnectionOriented(SCO)
sco is used for real time data such as sound. It is
used where fast delivery is preferred over accurate
delivery.
In an sco link, a physical link is created between
the master and slave by reserving specific slots at
regularintervals.
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What Is Transfer Rate?
ISO Architecture
Functions Of The MAC
Layer
What Is Network
Transmission?
Applications Of Wifi
What Is 802.15 (WPAN) ?
How To Set Up A Wireless
Router Installation &
Configuration
Features Of The Package
Level Or Network Layer
What Is IEEE 802.11n?
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
Damaged packet are not retransmitted over sco
links.
What Is IEEE 802.11e?
A slave can have three sco links with the master
andcansenddataat64Kbps.
Between WiFi Vs. Mobile
Logical Link, Control Adaptation Protocol
Layer(L2CAP)
What Is WiMAX
Thelogicalunitlinkcontroladaptationprotocolis
Interoperability For
equivalenttologicallinkcontrolsublayerofLAN.
Microwave Access)?
The ACL link uses L2CAP for data exchange but
Cable Networks (CATV)
scochanneldoesnotuseit.
How To Networking Your
What Is The Difference
Broadband
(Worldwide
Devices
ThevariousfunctionofL2CAPis:
The Digitization Of
1.Segmentationandreassembly
Signals
L2CAP receives the packets of upto 64 KB from
upper layers and divides them into frames for
transmission.
Itaddsextrainformationtodefinethelocationof
frameintheoriginalpacket.
Infrared And Laser
Transmission
Ethernet Networks At 10
Mbit/S
Passive Optical Network
The L2CAP reassembles the frame into packets
againatthedestination.
Ethernet Passive Optical
Network (EPON)
2.Multiplexing
L2CAP performs multiplexing at sender side and
demultiplexingatreceiverside.
At the sender site, it accepts data from one of the
upperlayerprotocolsframesthemanddeliverthem
totheBasebandlayer.
At the receiver site, it accepts a frame from the
basebandlayer,extractsthedata,anddeliversthem
totheappropriateprotocol1ayer.
3.QualityofService(QOS)
L2CAP handles quality of service requirements,
both when links are established and during normal
operation.
It also enables the devices to negotiate the
maximum payload
establishment.
size
during
connection
BluetoothFrameFormat
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
Thevariousfieldsofbluetoothframeformatare:
1. Access Code: It is 72 bit field that contains
synchronizationbits.Itidentifiesthemaster.
2. Header: This is 54bit field. It contain 18 bit
patternthatisrepeatedfor3time.
Theheaderfieldcontainsfollowingsubfields:
(i) Address: This 3 bit field can define upto seven
slaves (1 to 7). If the address is zero, it is used for
broadcast communication from primary to all
secondaries.
(ii)Type:This4bitfieldidentifiesthetypeofdata
comingfromupperlayers.
(iii) F: This flow bit is used for flow control. When
setto1,itmeansthedeviceisunabletoreceivemore
frames.
(iv)A:Thisbitisusedforacknowledgement.
(v) S: This bit contains a sequence number of the
frame to detect retransmission. As stop and wait
protocolisused,onebitissufficient.
(vi)Checksum:This8bitfieldcontainschecksum
todetecterrorsinheader.
3. Data: This field can be 0 to 2744 bits long. It
contains data or control information coming from
upperlayers
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?
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Dinesh Thakur is a Technology Columinist and founder of Computer Notes and Technology Motivation. Mail Me At
(@Computer Notes)
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