st clwupkel - Trtreduction Dr How ate anee
[=] Lutrechetion
A Boundary value problems is one which 9 everncel
by one oy more olifferential
Fiche Element eters (FEM) ontort Ota rte
r [ese
The she Elemect method haa become a paww tel
boul of numedceY Shuto oF auadde vonye %
Smoyimertivey Prdolewes.
Thies used tomicabedalt << stewsiniond “tonpenie?
okichilmhiin ig sdad shucks of Comper geomelvies
Sualoj ef fe complele \oedivas
J Ty Wis Atkned of omalyts cn camohay veqion “AeBniry
A ConBnumm okiscreddted Whe Meg geemeher shape
costed fivcke elemenks.
[Tw madeval propectess and the qovenins yeladrmshe ps
art Convicler over these — elements ond 2xpreredt tn fecws
Ualkaown Values ach elamest Coraert
An assembly processes aluly Considerably the lacking
and condrarmdy , peste Tra set of eyuachons
- Sovkin of Hese epuations give us the oypproxconn le
Vrehautor of Hu Conbwow »
WO- Steps in the EM
fee |
shep-l- Dis eviminadson of fh Real shmncteer
Deponclisg ow We tate of ehvuctwee, Preve are
Varvous type of clemtuds available » Fo 4) shows
fre typical and most Cowmmowly used elements.
howarat-) OE WAT ABZ Aw-ee—~
(WD Bar elemenk Pe,
wm Tei ang La clement es
@D Quadrilateral) element ae
@) ony wmbic elemecd yp
v
©
S)
OP Hernia [ke] = ees plopeity wnaiy (st KEnes anos)
{sel [EJ = racer of primary vnlKnawn quantiles
at two nodes
(RJ, eq = vecks of elemect nroclef “Rese
| | s Patawedkrs « 3
Pade-Y- Steo-s- Derive Overall? Shrachwe Shfress Equation
eee Oe ei eee ee
This step of the analysis assembles all individual elewerl
equalioas te provicle SAE Raess spundions fer the ewkre
Shruchwe ov mathemahialy :
= he oe
haw (KeJ = overall sk Guess mater = Z|]
(Fel = assewllage eh vemltant
vecber of neclel faccing paromelee
O
Sfep-6- SAve Fer Primacy UnlKnguns
See teen ee meena
Tt 4s apparent that equalion @) represents a seh of
Siwalkonesug algebric eyuafens. “The total wombers ef
egualons iglealical to Mae boval wonrver of Prey unknown.
The general? Mettwcl which can be wed te save Sor
Hy primary unknown os Gauslan Fimwnelan Metiert
shep-7- Sve Fir Secomeary Unknows
whe the PHiwar unknown ts founol , ote Unknowns
may be cobebaled” From onrdolhe phy sical velokons +
Tn Case of chaske shes eferwmatron onalysts, the ee
unkions are AK shacewect Componevr od AY nodes. avel Kors ee
the strain componels CaVeaSled From the “olispl— strate relahns
te, Stress Campentuds Pevalealed sing khsdiccs Wau rac ee
Compuded — SKrain Com ponents
Page—s— 4. The Pavawelevs Effects on He Discriwination Process
: epee aad e a
The vaivous Contiderabrens Hack should fake in fhe Aisarimination
Process arr given below: -
a) Were of elements
offen the hype of chewments to be used wsrtt be
evidek Rom the physica? problems taself. Come olim:
Laro oktwneactonel prubleme, awd Hirer Awrenstuno?
problaw i
Prvbles. )
Th) Se of E lems
Oh) See ee
The sive of deyede~ Ink ieomers Mae Coronet of Khe
SdvGon Okicectly and hence, haato be chusen esvih Care
Pf the Bee Of hemos is gmat Ae Renal S Adon
is expected tee mere accuott, haweves tre we of
small SIZE GAN oy Mean Moe Cowgukodvone!
obtfferet Re ofa Cemerts used
elemcts of
time. Sometimes the
in the Same looky.
VU
C) Lecakorng Neder
tf the body haa no abrupt changes in ajeometyy ,
end exhemal conctiien Clike (eset),
matoroll prepe Re
Sulooltursions and hence
the hedy can olivided into &
the Spacing of necks Cam be whem: on the ober
hand 7 More ave ey ols C onkmur er WH Ave prablent
i have te be whrocduced oloviovsly ot Brese oAiscontin-
Po4-6- A) Mower of Fleonents
The Number of eleametts chosen for ioleal’ aebrunr
veladed to He accuracy olesved SBE of elements
and the wonber Aagree of freedom involveet
Phe increases Tn Ane Wunder of clemedts generally yearn
Krak cecults Goold be more accurate ave obbbainedt
her ery given provlem , Creve wd be a Corben
nuwaloec of edewerts beyond wich Ay acowracy
Cannot be Cenraved (oy omy Signi Feat rengen th:
Thse \ehaviers ave chown grag lly tn ty-@)
Exack Sdvon
\
\
\
\
1
\
\
(
1
\
w
Ps Fig6a) effect of Varying the number of claments.
e) Somplityiny Awe Prysscoe! Confequcaction of tw Boel
tf the Con fy wcalton of the boey oa orell rq He ex\ernol)
Concklions US SywmelAc, Uremay Consider only ne
anisy ware hee pect of the body ferake elements
Valea ieee ae. By @) shou ty SypmenchOe canedcboen -
AGE gkes
ae Oe tee qhost
La
Hp) lane stra ex Odawe Aran
> Ne of clement,
—— NY
yh ri
pages, Pee Figtt) confywndion of hark Cyber oe Offegler = two
In this capproach , kivect physical veasontey is used
nv
bo esfablich the clement Prrepedier . Ge.
imkerpoladion fanchamn is Vequixee betwen the Source
Capplted Ferce , heat Plow, Phew cake, ek) amd the
field vartable Cotis placement, temperadars, Phasrare ete)
The chavockris Ke eguedions aye olbtained foy ust
odicet physica? x eguil brew eguadion 0@ Su the Lellowiry
Bawa Qles
Ex ownge-\~
rer tamer “cl” ond Kength °4
Fer icaker PPE of
awd for Rainer How, fhe preswve aAvap bebween omy
two noobs (P,P) fs +
pp ed ge
pen ia rd E = C E
“When A= chy nawee Viscesiiy of the Elusch
tlt = pipe resistance
i Pike
ef
@
fog A- The fils ws emnher a
‘ A ek woes © od REL;
OSS) cepa spuodion ot = —
Fi=¢ CAA)
he c (A-f)
ov ™ ix nofadon
(Kk]-P =F
Seen
ohare T= Pslity Colaroctadstic ) welK -
(ae nootal prosorrs vecder
Fe Model Alaw Vecket
eel exomoe , this exgeeech ean ye Seen to be
se Rime elewerts och con sakisfactor Compl
else | a
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ra eth
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a Cossie al cate al cebu LI Si hy
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r= J EQos,9) da a
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tbls Wests Jo) C315 a" CU Copan
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te =o -
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