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Crouch

The document discusses induction bends, which are factory-made bends in pipe created using electric induction heating to plasticize the pipe material. It covers what induction bends are, the specifications that govern them, why pipeliners need them, the types available in terms of materials and pipe styles, how they are made using induction bending machines, and how the process can affect dimensions and material properties. Potential issues that can arise with induction bends are also examined, as well as considerations for pipeliners to select the proper bends and ensure quality.

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68 views32 pages

Crouch

The document discusses induction bends, which are factory-made bends in pipe created using electric induction heating to plasticize the pipe material. It covers what induction bends are, the specifications that govern them, why pipeliners need them, the types available in terms of materials and pipe styles, how they are made using induction bending machines, and how the process can affect dimensions and material properties. Potential issues that can arise with induction bends are also examined, as well as considerations for pipeliners to select the proper bends and ensure quality.

Uploaded by

Advis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

WHAT PIPELINERS

NEED TO KNOW
O
ABOUT
INDUCTION BENDS
Barry Crouch
Inductabend Pty Ltd
Melbourne Australia
Inductabend - APIA Conference

Introduction
Presentation Contents
What are induction bends & specifications?
Why are induction bends required?
What
Wh t types
t
off bends
b d are available
il bl
How are they made?
Affects
Aff
on di
dimensions.
i
Material properties & the role of chemistry
What
h can go wrong
What to think about to get it right

Inductabend - APIA Conference

What are Induction Bends?

Factory made hot


hot bends from mother
mother pipe
pipe
Bending machine
El
Electric
i iinduction
d i h
heating
i
Mother pipe changes shape during bending
at radius
to angle
g

Test certified
Piggable
Inductabend - APIA Conference

Specifications
Pipeline Induction Bends
ISO 1559015590-1
ASME B6.49
DNV OS F101
Inductabend - APIA Conference

Why Do Pipeliners Need Induction


Bends?
B d?

Obstacles
Change direction, grade & elevation
rope the
h pipeline
i li string
i 250D
cold
cold--field bend pipe joints 40D
use an iinduction
d i b
bend
d 3D
D
use a fitting

Inductabend - APIA Conference

What kinds of Induction Bends are


Available
A il bl to Pi
Pipeliners?
li
?

Diverse Industries

construction &

Wide Variety
y of Materials

mining, power generation, processing,


pipelines

all grades carbon, stainless & alloy steels, CrCr-Ni alloys, titanium &
clad pipe

Pipe Types seamless & welded

(HFW SAWL & SAWH)


(HFW,
Inductabend - APIA Conference

How are Induction Bends Made?

Bare straight mother pipe


Bending machine & induction heating
S l
Selected
d process parameters

Aff t the
Affect
th pipe
i shape
h

speed, temperature & cooling

Radius, angle - cause ovality, wall thinning

Affect Material Properties

Strength, hardness, toughness

Inductabend - APIA Conference

I d ti Bending
Induction
B di M
Machine
hi
3
4

Fb

le
g
n
a

Fb
2

Inductabend - APIA Conference

P=Push Force
Fb=Bend
b
d Roll
ll Force
R=Bend Radius
1. Pusher
1
2. Bend roll
3. Heat transformer
4. Induction coil
5. Bend clamp
6. Bend arm
7. Pipe

Induction Bending Machine

Inductabend - APIA Conference

Induction Bending Machine

Inductabend - APIA Conference

10

What Size Pipes Can Be Bent?

Internationally

over 1600mm diameter & over 150mm wall

Australia - Inductabend
currently
l
to 900 di
dia & 100mm wall
ll
Radii
100mm to 12,500mm bend arm
Longer radii using specialised techniques

Inductabend - APIA Conference

11

How Does Induction


Heating/Bending Work?
Induction heating creates a plastic hinge
Coolingg Water
Spray
a

Induction Coil

s
o
d

Mo ement
Movement

Int
r

Ex
tr

s
o
d
a

Zone of
Induction
Heating

Inductabend - APIA Conference

12

How Does Induction


Heating/Bending Work?
Induction Coil
Cooling Water
S
Spray

Pyrometer
Aim

Wall
Thinning

Temperature
Contours
Bend
Tensile
Strain

O
M
I

Plastic Zone

INDUCTION COIL & EXTRADOS WALL


Inductabend - APIA Conference

13

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M hi C
Machine
Capacity
it
100

WA
ALL THICK
KNESS

90

Unsuitable - too stiff

80

R = 3D
R = 5D

70

60
50

40

A =Carbon steel @ 875 C


B =Carbon steel @ 950 C
C =Carbon steel @ 1050 C

Suitable

30
20

10
200

300

Unsuitable - wrinkles
400 500
600
700 800
900
PIPE DIAMETER

TYPICAL INDUCTION PIPE BENDING CAPACITY DIAGRAM


Inductabend - APIA Conference

18

How Does Induction Bending Affect


Dimensions?
8
7
OVA
ALITY %

UNSUITABLE
FOR BENDING

5
4

UNSTABLE

110
90
70
50
30
10

2
1

SUITABLE

5 6
R/D

D/T

10

TYPICAL SUITABILITY & OVALITY


Inductabend - APIA Conference

19

% THINNIN
NG ( T / T X 100)

How Does Induction Bending Affect


Wall Thickness?
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
1

10

R/D

TYPICAL WALL THINNING


Inductabend - APIA Conference

20

How Does Induction Bending


Aff
Affect
High
Hi h Strength
S
h Line
Li pipe?
i ?

High strength carbon steel line pipe


Chemistry
wall thickness
seamless
welded ((HFW,, SAWL,, SAWH))

Sensitive to temperature
p
& coolingg rate
hotter temperature stronger & harder
faster cooling
g stronger
g & harder

Inductabend - APIA Conference

21

Temperature - Hardness
Hardneess HV10

300

EXAMPLE HFW PIPE


DN500 Wall 12.7 API 5LX70
CEQ0.36
SPEED: 50MM/MIN
COOLING:WATER
OUTSIDE SURFACE

250

O
M
I

INSIDE SURFACE

O
M
I

200

150
900

950

1000

Temperature C
Inductabend - APIA Conference

1050
22

Temperature - Strength
STRENGTH VS INDUCTION BENDING TEMPERATURE

YIELD STR
RENGTH & TEN
NSILE STRENGT
TH
Mpa

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

TEMPERATURE C

Inductabend - APIA Conference

23

Chemistry CEQ - Strength


STRENGTH VS CEQ

YIE
ELD& TENSIL
LE STRENGTH
H MPa

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
0.2

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.3

0.32

0.34

0.36

0.38

CEQ %

Inductabend - APIA Conference

24

What Can Go Wrong With Hot


B d
Bends

Mother pipe condition & defects


Cracks, slivers, inclusions, gouges & dents
Lack of fusion
Lack of chemistry
Diameter
Di
t SAWL & SAWH
Surface contamination

Inductabend - APIA Conference

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What Can Go Wrong With Hot


Bends?
B d?

Process Parameters
Speed
Temperature
p
Cooling
Start/Stop
p procedure
p
Dimensions radius, angles, thinning, ovality
Wrinkles & bumps
p
Process interruptions
Air draught

Inductabend - APIA Conference

28

What Do Pipeliners Need To Do To


Get It Right The First Time On
On-time?

Plan
Consider bends in the FEED
Read the standards
Talk to the bender
Consider
C id pipe
i chemistry
h i t iin li
light
ht off pipe
i ttype
and wall thickness
Ch
Choose
suitable
it bl maximum
i
h
hardness
d
Understand mother pipe actual wall
thi k
thickness
Inductabend - APIA Conference

29

Cont/.

select single
g heat bare pipe
p p for bendingg
Allow for a contingency of mother pipe
Allow for suitable straight
g tangent
g
ends
Show bend angles as angle of deflection
Allow time to qualify, production bend & coat
Consider transport & storage logistics
Consider coating systems
Utilise compact compound hot bends
Plan, plan and more planning
Inductabend - APIA Conference

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