DUMPER
1. Higher capacity dumper--- less manpower
2. Gradient can be made steeper through overhead lines
3. Use dumper only for horizontal transports; for other types use belt
conveyor
Presently we have 426 ton dumpers
Bulk density 1.8 fits the dumper
50 tonnes will not be able to carry out 50 tonnes of coal bcz its vol. Capacity
is less.
If d<1.8 we inverse the sides.... coal haulers are used
Productivity of hydraulic shovel is more because cycle time is less.
Bad floor condition electric shovel is more efficient and reliable.
Optimum height of hydraulic shovel is not of much importance as when the
bucket is filled, we can start its swinging action but in electric shovel, even if
the bucket is filled, we have to complete the whole semi-circular motion.
Hydraulic shovel, bucket fill factor will be slightly more. (because bucket
size is more, fill would be more).
Shovel dumper combination
Limitations:
1. Bench height
2. No segregation loading in electric shovel
3. Long haul dumper not used for more than 1 in 16 & short haul in 1 in 10.
4. Radius covered by dumper max. Is 2.5km
Question: 1) Show that the shovel productivity is function of dumper
capacity if working condition is single and independent of dumper capacity if
spotting condition is double.
2) Also prove that shovel capacity is always affecting the dumper
productivity.
In vein type deposits, benches might be slightly inward to facilitate water drainage.
Commented [A1]: This means axle bearing capacity.
DRAG LINE
Speed of travelling is 0.24 km/h around 4m/min
Pipes are filled with helium and helium detector
Applications:
1. Deep digging
2. Slope stability or other conditions dictate excavation from the surface
3. Dumping distance is small (60-70m)
4. Gradient of seam should not be more than 1 in 20.
5. Used for reclamation levelling (rough levelling)
Limitations:
1. When overburden is small (economic loss), 20-35 m is good height
2. Gradient
3. Cost (200 crores)
For selection of drag line we need to calculate the bucket capacity required
and reach is calculated from the side cast diagram.
FRONT END LOADER
It is wheel mounted pay loader for collecting garbage. Is has got similarity of
action with shovel. It has one or two diesel engines depending upon the
capacity. Bucket capacity ranges between 2 to 22 m3. Machine has a huge
joint so that w.r.t rear position, front position an turn 70. Lift arm can be
operated by a lift cylinder. Depending upon the model, there can be two or
more than two cylinder. It is basically is a utility equipment. However under
special circumstances, it can operate as a primary excavator or loader. It can
dig or load overburden. Face height is limited (max 6m). Reason: operator is
in a exposed position, he does not have a shield for larger variety.
It can load coal/ore at the face. It can dig/load soft material like fine clay.
Presently it is used to load the formation cut by surface mine. Apart from
this, it can be used for transportation from 30 to 50m.
Along with dozer used in land cleaning. Used to maintain haul roads. Can be
used for boosting trucks from the pits. Transferring the pumps, cable skids.
When dumper is not nearby:
When the bucket is lifted, it is in unstable position. It will lower the bucket
and keep it close to the machine just clearing the ground to minimise the
destabilizing forces and then lift it while dumping, while returning also it
lowers the bucket.
Scheme of pushing the dozer:
1. Back track loading
2. Chain loading
3. Shuttle loading
DOZER
SCRAPER
In tandem elevating scraper: pusher block is not there.
Problems accompanying developed coal seams
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Uncertain extraction ratio
Deterioration of coal quality
Accidental fall of HEMM in galleries.
Problem of fire
Drill hole gets exposed in the gallery.
Drill but consumption will be high in drilling through broken and
fractured ground.
7. Hot coal blasting problem (hole near corner of gallery)
8. The gases escaping by blasting pass through the fractures & thus
efficiency of blasting decreases.
