BUILDING GREEN, SAVING GREEN: CONSTRUCTING

SUSTAINABLE AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

HEARING
BEFORE THE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON
ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
AND GLOBAL WARMING
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS
SECOND SESSION

MAY 14, 2008

Serial No. 11037

(
Printed for the use of the Select Committee on
Energy Independence and Global Warming
globalwarming.house.gov

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON

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61727

2010

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

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SELECT COMMITTEE ON ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

AND GLOBAL WARMING
EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts, Chairman
F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR.,
EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon
Wisconsin, Ranking Member
JAY INSLEE, Washington
JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut
GREG WALDEN, Oregon
HILDA L. SOLIS, California
CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan
STEPHANIE HERSETH SANDLIN,
JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma
South Dakota
MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee
EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri
JOHN J. HALL, New York
JERRY MCNERNEY, California

PROFESSIONAL STAFF

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GERARD J. WALDRON, Staff Director

ALIYA BRODSKY, Chief Clerk
THOMAS WEIMER, Minority Staff Director

(II)

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CONTENTS
Page

Hon. Edward J. Markey, a Representative in Congress from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, opening statement ....................................................
Prepared Statement .........................................................................................
Hon. F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the
State of Wisconsin, opening statement ..............................................................
Hon. Earl Blumenauer, a Representative of Congress from the State of Oregon, opening statement ......................................................................................
Prepared Statement .........................................................................................
Hon. John Sullivan, a Representative of Congress from the State of Oklahoma, opening statement ....................................................................................
Hon. Hilda Solis, a Representative of Congress from the State of California,
opening statement ................................................................................................
Hon. Jay Inslee, a Representative of Congress from the State of Washington,
opening statement ................................................................................................
Hon. Emanuel Cleaver II, a Representative of Congress from the State of
Missouri, prepared statement .............................................................................
Hon. Marsha Blackburn, a Representative of Congress from the State of
Tennessee, prepared statement ..........................................................................

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WITNESSES

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Hon. Gavin Newsom, Mayor, City of San Francisco, California ..........................

Prepared Statement .........................................................................................
Answers to submitted questions ......................................................................
Mr. Kent Peterson, President, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air Conditioning Engineers .........................................................................
Prepared Statement .........................................................................................
Answers to submitted questions ......................................................................
Mr. Edward Norton, Trustee, Enterprise Foundation ..........................................
Prepared Statement .........................................................................................
Answers to submitted questions ......................................................................
Ms. Michelle Moore, Senior Vice President for Policy and Market Development, U.S. Green Building Council ....................................................................
Prepared Statement .........................................................................................
Answers to submitted questions ......................................................................
Mr. Tony Stall, Vice President of Marketing, Dryvit Systems, Inc. ....................
Prepared Statement .........................................................................................

(III)

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BUILDING GREEN, SAVING

STRUCTING SUSTAINABLE
EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

GREEN: CONAND ENERGY-

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 2008

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
SELECT COMMITTEE ON ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
AND GLOBAL WARMING,
Washington, DC.
The committee met, pursuant to call, at 2:03 p.m., in Room
2358A, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Edward J. Markey
[chairman of the committee] presiding.
Present: Representatives Markey, Blumenauer, Inslee, Solis,
Cleaver, Sensenbrenner, and Sullivan.
Staff Present: Joel Beauvais.
The CHAIRMAN. Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, to the Select
Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming.
Todays hearing is a most important hearing because it deals
with an issue that most people arent really aware of. Because if
you ask most people what contributes up to one-half of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, they will likely say automobiles, SUVs. But
the truth is as plain as the wall that each of us faces right now:
The building sector is responsible for up to 48 percent of our Nations emissions. On a local level, buildings can account for an even
higher percentage of emissions. Seventy-eight percent of Bostons
heat-trapping gases are attributable to buildings.
Energy-efficient buildings must be part of a comprehensive fight
against global warming. Efficient design, low-emission construction
materials, and decreased energy use in buildings can combat global
warming and simultaneously reduce the rising costs of lighting,
heating and cooling structures.
Energy efficiency in buildings is only a starting point. A truly
green building should help preserve natural resources. Water use
should be minimized. Construction materials should be nontoxic
and travel shorter distances. Appliances and furnishings should
use less energy and fewer toxic chemical compounds. Most importantly, we must ensure that all buildings receive this treatment,
whether they are new or already built, commercial or residential,
public or private.
Though measures to improve building efficiency can cost an additional $1 to $5 per square foot, consumers could get a good return
on their investment. The average green building can save 25 to 30
percent more energy than a traditional one. The overall economic
and environmental benefits of more efficient buildings are clear.
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However, the competing interests of the building sector can obscure the long-term benefits. A developer may have concerns about
recovering the initial costs of green design or energy-efficient features. A commercial tenant may not want to pay for efficiency upgrades on a 5-year lease. A homeowner may not have the initial
capital needed to improve home efficiency, or may not be planning
to be in the house for another 10 years to get the full return on
investment.
In a recent survey, only 7 percent of the public identified buildings as a major source of global warming emissions. Today, we
hope to change that perception by discussing various approaches to
improving building efficiency.
The witnesses are collectively utilizing innovative local approaches, materials, mandatory codes and voluntary guidelines to
reduce this massive source of emissions. Mayor Newsom has sustained and implemented a myriad of green building initiatives,
among other notable environmental efforts in San Francisco. The
Engineering Society here today, whose mission is to advance energy-efficiency technology, they have developed building and energy
codes used by local, State and Federal governments. And the U.S.
Green Buildings Council has developed LEED, one of the most
commonly used certification programs for a green building. Enterprise Community Partners now helps low-income housing, buildings with the tightest construction budgets, become sustainable in
a cost-efficient manner. And we will also hear from Dryvit, a corporation working to improve the efficiency of buildings with what
they call Outsulation.
As a final note, I would also add that three of you are actually
seated, for a change, in environmentally friendly chairs. These
chairs were built from recyclable materials, created using alternative energy, and can be nearly fully recycled as well.
We thank each of you for being here, and we look forward to your
testimony.
Let me turn and recognize the ranking member of the committee,
the gentleman from the State of Wisconsin, Mr. Sensenbrenner.
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5
Mr. SENSENBRENNER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
Todays hearing on green buildings touches on many of the same
issues the select committee examined during last weeks hearing on
energy efficiency. For the most part, policies that promote green
buildings is simply policy to promote efficiency in building, construction, maintenance, and operations. There are several reasons
to encourage more productive uses of energy. Improved efficiency
gives us the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the near
term without enacting punishing regulations that would cripple our
economy.
According to the U.S. Green Building Council, buildings consume
40 percent of the energy used in the United States. That is more
than both the industrial and transportation sectors. Buildings are
responsible for 39 percent of CO2 emissions and 71 percent of electricity consumption. As Tony Stall from Dryvit Systems will tell us
today, 80 percent of the buildings constructed before 1960 are poorly insulated. Energy literally seeps through the walls of these
buildings.
It is clear that increasing energy efficiency in buildings should be
a high priority in our energy policy, but it shouldnt be just a Government priority. With the potential savings in cost that these energy savings would create, I think that many building owners
would want to make these improvements.
Mr. Stall says in his testimony that his companys insulation
product will help lower annual energy costs by 10 to 20 percent.
The Green Building Council says that energy-efficient buildings
could generate up to a 9 percent decrease in operating costs, a
nearly 8 percent increase in building values, and a more than 6
percent increase in return on investment. Who wouldnt want to
reap those kinds of savings?
Unfortunately for my good friends in the majority party, their
legislation to date has not been where their words are. In the energy bill passed during the previous Congress, there were certain
tax credits for energy improvements that many people around the
country have taken advantage of. I am one of those that did that.
I replaced the furnace in my Menomonie Falls, Wisconsin, condominium, and I have been able to recoup, in just a year and a half,
the cost of the additional furnace. We have not had global warming
in Wisconsin. We had one of the coldest and snowiest winters in
the last 30 years there.
However, all of these credits expired at the end of last year. And
nobody facing bad gas bills, bad electric bills or, if they heat with
fuel oil, extremely bad fuel oil bills has been able to do the type
of work that has been given the tax credit, because they dont know
whether the tax credit will be there when the time comes to file
their 2008 tax returns.
Now, I am told that the majority party is going to put an extender bill on the floor next week. I hope it is not stuck with a
whole lot of other things that dont relate to energy and R&D tax
credit. But the fact is that we have had almost 5 months slip by
with no tax credits for doing these good things on the books. And
that is the responsibility of the majority party, and they ought to
put their legislation where their hot air has been.

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6
Now, last week I said that energy efficiency can produce great
results when encouraged, but, when mandated, these policies have
the same effect as a tax. Please note that I am talking about tax
breaks rather than higher taxes directly or indirectly. And I think
the same principle applies with policies to encourage green buildings. The amount of savings generated by energy-efficient buildings
should be encouragement enough for building owners to make
these changes. I also think that the Federal Government can help
through R&D funding and tax credits. Additionally, establishing industry standards will go a long way toward ensuring that buildings, old and new, are as energy-efficient as possible.
However, the Government should not take it upon itself to be
issuing mandates for green buildings, because that will be a tax for
many. Not only that, I certainly dont have confidence that the
Government regulators will mandate the best, most effective energy solutions. It is not a stretch to think that these regulations
will be much less efficient than the buildings that they seek to
manage; witness our off-again/on-again tax credit policy.
I think that a mechanism already exists in the U.S. economy to
encourage energy efficiency in buildings. The potential savings that
green buildings create, coupled with the rising cost of energy, creates a compelling incentive for building owners to improve the efficiency of their structures.
When it comes to efficiency, free-market forces are far more efficient than regulations in turning buildings green. While the regulations may make buildings more efficient, only the free market and
a more enlightened tax policy can make buildings and their owners
wallets greener at the same time.
Thank you.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you.
Again, witnesses, welcome to the debate here. You are arriving
at a historic time.
The Chair now recognizes the gentleman from Oregon, Mr.
Blumenauer.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. Thank you.
I do want to assure my good friend from Wisconsin that we will
be voting for the fourth time on the extenders, that has passed the
House three times already, and I hope that we will have, finally,
some help on the part of the administration and the Senate.
I take modest exception with the notion that regulation from the
Government plays no role. Look how the brilliant market forces
have encouraged our friends in Detroit to keep pace with auto efficiency standards. Not. They didnt change for 30 years. We finally
re-established them this last year, which I think we would all be
better off had we continued to move forward.
We need a balance between regulatory process and free market.
We are going to hear from California, where there are some great
initiatives that have taken place in terms of the building codes.
I am hopeful that we, as a committee, spend more time on this,
because we are going to be replacing almost 200 billion square feet
of new offices, stores and other nonresidential construction, and we
are going to freeze that carbon footprint in place for 50 or 100
years or more.

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I am pleased with what we have done in our community. I am

hopeful we still get out to Portland to see what we have done in
terms of some of these green building initiatives.
I would like to enter into the record the Green Building Initiative
that the Portland Green BuildingGreen Globes rating tool that
I think has some merit, because we have seen that it makes a difference in our community.
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10
Mr. BLUMENAUER. But I would hope that there are two things
that we could focus on with the committee. One deals with the location. Yes, businesses are critical, but if you have to burn a gallon
of gas to go to lunch, we are in trouble. And we need to coordinate
the green building with the green location, location efficiency.
Last but not least, I am very interested in working with this
committee and our witnesses about what the Federal Government
does to lead by example. We are the largest consumer of energy in
the world; we are the largest manager of infrastructure. The Federal Government has an inventory of 300 million square feet, scattered in 60 locations across the country.
If we get serious, if we make a commitment that we are not
going to build, buy, lease or rent anything that isnt green-certified
with a twist in 2 years, it will have a transformational effect and,
I think, help bring to pass what our witnesses will be talking about
much sooner.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you.
The gentlemans time has expired.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Oklahoma, Mr. Sullivan.
Mr. SULLIVAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for holding
this important hearing today on green buildings.
I look forward to hearing from our witnesses, and I appreciate
you being here, especially Tony Stall, from Dryvit, a leader in
green building techniques. I am proud to have a Dryvit manufacturing facility in Sand Springs, which is located in Oklahomas 1st
Congressional District.
Last August, I visited this facility and was able to meet with
many of the hardworking men and women that make this green
technology possible. And it really is a fascinating technology.
Dryvit Systems began manufacturing exterior insulation and finish systems in 1969 and was the first company to do so in the
United States. Today, more than one in every 11 commercial buildings in the United States features Dryvit on its exterior.
Companies like Dryvit are innovating technology for both commercial and residential buildings so that these properties can become more environmentally friendly. In fact, homes that use the
Dryvit technology on their exterior can save over 40-percent per
year on their heating and cooling consumption.
I look forward to the intriguing discussion regarding green buildings during todays hearing. And I yield back the balance of my
time.
The CHAIRMAN. The gentlemans time has expired.
The Chair recognizes the gentlelady from California, Ms. Solis.
Ms. SOLIS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
And I would like to congratulate you for introducing us to the
new recyclable chairs that are here in our hearing room. I hope
that members will take that to heart, and hopefully we will be able
to have a demonstration of our own to see how they fit. Because,
lately, the chairs that we do sit in are very uncomfortable and take
up a lot of space.

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With that, Mr. Chairman, I would like to thank you for having
the hearing. This is a very important topic that we need to discuss
here.
And I am very concerned about what is happening in our schools,
some of our school buildings, particularly in low-income areas. We
have a lot of Title I-funded schools that are found not just in urban
and suburban areas but also in rural America. And we would like
to see more opportunity so that the greening of America can also
happen in our schoolhouses for low-income and under-represented
children.
But I would like to thank also our mayor, Gavin Newsom, for
being here from San Francisco, a leader in the green movement.
And also I want to recognize the City of Los Angeles. We are slowly
getting together the pace where we understand the importance of
what this all means. And in communities like mine, in east Los Angeles, where a heavy burden is placed on energy consumption and
air pollution, many of the contaminants that affect our communities are a direct result of greenhouse gas emissions and all those
negative things that have been going on for years that we have
been struggling to try to clean up.
But, more importantly, I think where we live and work, in particular in low-income communitieswe have most of the blighted
areas. We have many warehouses that could be retrofitted. We
could find, I think, ways of even helping to train our workforce to
get into these jobs.
And that is something that some of us have worked very hard,
and I know the chairman has, in terms of helping us also retool
those individuals that live in our community through the Green
Collar Job Act. And that is helping to invest in our workforce so
that we have enough people that are going to be out there placing
and installing the solar panels and also working in renewable energy.
So those are things that I care about and I know many members
of the caucuses that I work with are very interested in hearing
about. So I want to thank all of you for being here, and look forward to hearing your testimony.
Thank you.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you.
The gentleladys time has expired.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Washington State, Mr.
Inslee.
Mr. INSLEE. Thank you. I appreciate this hearing.
I just want to note three groups I met with this morning in my
office. It was just an accident that I met with these folks.
First, I met with some folks from utilities. We had one of the
presidential candidates out in Seattle yesterday who is urging a
massive expansion of nuclear power as part of our baseload; correctly pointed out that it was zero CO2-emitting. But this utility
person reminded me that in every single city and every single State
and in every single circumstance, efficiency in reducing load is always cheaper than nuclear power, virtually any other system of
generation we have. And it was interesting to me, talking to a person on the front lines, a person really in the utilities, whose job it
is to deliver electrons, the first thing out of this persons mouth

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was: Efficiency first, because that is where its always cheaper. And
this was right before this hearing.
The second group I met with were sheet metal contractors, and
they told me that efficiency in building is the best job-creation system we have in America, because it is not in China, it is here.
When we build efficient housing and green buildings, those jobs are
right here. They are not going to China. They are right here. This
is the one thing you can assure, if you want a stimulus plan, spend
money on retrofitting weatherization and clean and efficient utilities and heating and cooling systems.
The third group was the Environmental Entrepreneurs Association. Some people may not have heard about this group, but this
is a group with several hundred members of companies across
America whose job it is to grow jobs in clean energy. And these
people are growing like gangbusters. And a significant portion of
them are invested in this type of technology you are talking about,
including findings waysand here is a great oneto sequester carbon in building materials. There is a company out there, whose
name escapes me, that is close to finding a way to sequester carbon
dioxide in cement. And the scale of this is much larger than one
would think.
So here are three groups who wandered by a lone Congressmans
office this morning, all of whom see economic growth potential in
what you all are going to talk about. Thanks for coming.
The CHAIRMAN. Great. Thank you.
The gentlemans time has expired.
All time for opening statements from the members has been completed. And we now turn and recognize our witnesses for their testimony.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Cleaver follows:]

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[The prepared statement of Ms. Blackburn follows:]

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17
The CHAIRMAN. First, we will hear from Mayor Gavin Newsom,
who is serving his second term as the Mayor of San Francisco. He
is working to meet Kyoto Protocol targets through a variety of
ways, including green buildings. San Francisco has developed energy ordinances, initiatives to build to LEED and other green
standards.
And I am also pleased to announce that Ameresco, an energy-efficiency company in my congressional district up in Boston, was
awarded a contract to green the San Francisco Housing Authority.
And, Mayor Newsom, we are very honored to have you here with
us today. Whenever you are ready, please begin.
STATEMENTS OF HON. GAVIN NEWSOM, MAYOR, CITY OF SAN
FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA; MR. KENT PETERSON, PRESIDENT, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING
AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS; MR. EDWARD NORTON,
TRUSTEE, ENTERPRISE FOUNDATION; MS. MICHELLE
MOORE, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT FOR POLICY AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT, U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL; MR.
TONY STALL, VICE PRESIDENT OF MARKETING, DRYVIT SYSTEMS, INC.

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STATEMENT OF GAVIN NEWSOM

Mr. NEWSOM. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And thank you for this
opportunity. And I appreciate, to Ranking Member Sensenbrenner,
the debate and the passion and conviction that you have all demonstrated in your opening remarks. This is a very exciting topic,
from my perspective, and an exciting time, and I appreciate all
your leadership and your conviction and your constancy on this
issue.
Green buildingsyou said it, Congressman Markey, at the top
this is one of the areas where we are not focusing enough attention. And most people are not familiar with the costs associated,
not only with the operation of buildings, but the construction and
demolition of buildings, as it relates to the environment.
In San Francisco, we began over a decade ago and became one
of the first big cities in the United States of America to require,
to legislate all of our municipal buildings to be built to LEED certification. At the time, people thought, again, another typical San
Francisco idea, San Francisco values, the sky is going to fall in, the
world is going to come to an end, major tax increases, companies
are going to run out of San Francisco. We heard it all.
The reality is it couldnt have been further from the truth, and
we are quite prescient now, for the same reasons the ranking member said: We are paying less in energy bills, we are paying less in
insurance. And another big point I want to make here today: Firemans Fund and others are charging less for insurance for some of
our buildings that the city was wise enough to invest in as it relates to these LEED certifications.
But that wasnt good enough. We represent as a property owner
a de minimus amount of office space in our city. So we put together
a work group in 2004 which came up with the first standards in
our citys history to advance some incentives for green buildings,
with LEED Gold certification.

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What happened in 2004 was interesting. We fast-tracked permits
through these incentives, and we ended up having a bigger line, a
bigger queue for people in the construction and building side of the
ledger trying to get in the fast-track permits for LEED-certified
buildings than in the traditional lines at our Department of Building Inspection. And it occurred to us then that we have a much bigger appetite and a bigger market for this than we had realized.
The consequence of our 2004 legislation is we decided to more
formally advance an initiative to require all residential, all commercial, and all remodels that are done in the City and County of
San Francisco to meet similar LEED certification, going to LEED
Gold within the next few years.
It is the most aggressive green building standards of any city in
the United States of America. It was done with broad consensus
and overwhelming support. In fact, perhaps after today, I will receive my first letter of opposition, but I have yet to receive a letter
of opposition from anybody.
It was an industry-led initiative, because they get it. They know
they ultimately need to get into this business. The fact is, though,
they need to be pushed into it. Some of the largest developers in
San Francisco, which happen to be the largest developers across
this country that do business in almost every major city, they get
it. They get it, because it ends up costing them less, it ends up
being more attractive from a leasing perspective, higher occupancy
rates. Businesses get it, because that is why they want to go into
these green buildings, because they have greater workplaces, which
drives lower costs associated with sick days, higher morale. These
are objective measures that have been analyzed, and I hope you
have a chance to read some of these reports, which are extraordinary.
This is inevitable, whether we like it or not. This is the direction
we need to be going. This is not difficult for anyone to do.
The idea that the private sector is just going to somehow do it,
well, maybe. But the fact that the U.S. Government hasnt done it
is suggestive. And if the U.S. Government wont do it, if you wont
do it to save energy costs, and HUD wont do it to save on $4 billion-plus a year they are spending on electricity, for the life of me,
I dont know necessarily how the private sector is going to end up
doing it on their own.
We, again, have been able to establish a framework where we
brought parties together. We did it in an environment which was
supportive of the private sector; didnt take anything away. We
have done it in a way where we have raised the standards and
raised the bar.
Now, by the way, we are doing LEED Platinum certification on
a lot of our new buildings, not even LEED Silver or LEED Gold.
In fact, We have a new one. The Academy of Sciences in San Francisco is the largest LEED Platinum building of its kind in the
United States, where someone well described it as lifting up Golden
Gate Park, our park, and placing a building underneath it and
then placing the park right back on top of the building.
And already in terms of its identity, already in terms of its purposefulness, it is creating a lot of excitement and enthusiasm. And

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it will be now the new benchmark, the new bar for all subsequent
construction.
So I am just here to say we have to get over the idea that this
is somehow extreme. We have to get over the idea this somehow
it is even controversial in this day and age.
And from the perspective that Congresswoman Solis said, this is
where the jobs are coming from. This is in the photovoltaic and the
solar and the energy retrofits. If we are going to get serious about
green-collar jobs, get serious about the loss of manufacturing, get
serious about environmental justice issues, which Ed and others
will talk about in a moment, then we have to get serious about the
opportunities as it relates to the green building industry.
And I couldnt be more enthusiastic as a mayor of a city where
the people of San Francisco get it. Republicans and Democrats get
it. This is not about politics. They understand the economic imperative, they understand the moral and ethnical obligation, and they
understand that this works.
And so that is, in essence, what I wanted to leave you with.
[The statement of Mayor Newsom follows:]

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29
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you. I appreciate it, Mr. Mayor. That was
great testimony.
Now our second witness. You know, when you are thinking about
energy efficiency, what is it that causes all these greenhouse gases?
Well, it is keeping this room cool in the summer, making sure it
is warm in the winter, making sure that the food that we eat in
this building is kept refrigerated winter, summer, spring and fall.
But if you can make it all more efficient, then we will be all the
better off, because you could reduce by 30, 40 percent the amount
of energy we consume.
We have with us today the president of the American Society of
Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers in the
United States. And his organization, for 114 years, has been advancing technologies in each one of these related fields. And at the
request of the Federal Government, his organization has developed
the first Federal energy efficiency standards 30 years ago, and they
continue to develop new building and energy codes used by local,
State and Federal governments.
Mr. Peterson, welcome. Whenever you are ready, please begin.

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STATEMENT OF KENT PETERSON

Mr. PETERSON. Thank you, Chairman Markey, Ranking Member

Sensenbrenner and members of the committee. Thank you for the
opportunity to speak to you today about energy use, buildings, and
the opportunities to reduce our impacts from buildings on our climate change.
My name is Kent Peterson, and I am the current volunteer president of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, better known as ASHRAE. We were founded in 1894, and ASHRAE is an international technical society with
over 50,000 members in 140 countries. Our members really represent the breadth of technical professionals in the building industry, from building designers to building owners to manufacturers
and building operators.
You know, ASHRAE fulfills our mission by advancing heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning and refrigeration technologies to
serve humanity and promote a more sustainable future through not
only our research, but our standards writing processes, our publications and our continuing education programs.
But turning our attention on todays topic, with increased energy
costs and climate change considerations, design guidance related to
energy efficiency is more important than ever. Nowhere is it more
important than in the building industry, given that buildings do
consume roughly 40 percent of the primary energy in the United
States.
Today, building energy efficiency still represents a vast and underutilized energy resource within the United States. Building energy efficiency is the single most important opportunity for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.
In my opinion, todays buildings mortgage our energy and environmental future. In the past, our industry really focused on the
minimum energy-efficiency requirements. But today, we are really
focusing beyond minimum energy-efficiency requirements, into
green buildings, what are the requirements for people that want to

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30
build buildings that perform much better than the minimum requirements required by code.
Given the concerns regarding climate change, our industry really
is undergoing a market transformation. It is going to change the
way that buildings are designed, built and operated.
In the past, we have been able to provide comfortable, healthy
and safe buildings. But on the flip side, it is the energy consumed
by these buildings that is helping fuel this new crisis. And it is a
crisis of global energy availability, and it certainly is impacting us
in the United States.
Unfortunately, the energy consumed by these buildings is starting to increase. In May of 2007, it was the U.S. Energy Information
Administration that released a report that projected that world energy consumption is projected to increase approximately 57 percent
from the year 2004 to 2030. And while energy consumption and
prices continue to rise, the true costs of using energy are even
higher when we consider its impacts not only on climate change
but on future generations.
The sad thing is that most Americans know how fuel-efficient
their automobiles are but very few understand how much energy
buildings consume. ASHRAE is working to change this in a variety
of ways. We are developing significant improvements in the minimum energy-efficiency requirements in ASHRAEs Standard 90.1,
which serves as the basis for model U.S. energy code for buildings
today.
We are providing for advanced energy design guidance through
special publications, working with partners like the United States
Green Building Council, in trying to get this information out to the
marketplace as free resources, so not only building owners but
building designers, architects and consumers understand what the
possibilities are to build more efficient buildings than what the
minimum code requires today.
We are also in the process of developing a building energy label
that will provide builders and occupants with a standard energy
metric that can be easily compared across different building types.
It is providing these minimum code requirements and above-code
requirements is really what is critical to provide improved energy
efficiency in buildings in the United States. We must continue on
the path of our Nations buildings to be more efficient, but it is
going to require significant commitment from all the stakeholders.
I offer the following recommendations to ensure that we meet future requirements and demands placed on our buildings. We really
do need to adequately fund the Federal agencies to advance the development and enforcement of energy standards, guidelines and
technologies.
We should support research and development necessary for the
development and deployment of technologies necessary to achieve
our Nations energy goals as we move forward. This includes technologies that are going to be envisioned under the Zero-Net-Energy
Commercial Building Initiative that was established in the Energy
Independence and Security Act of late last year.
Additionally, sufficient investments are going to be made in research and development for renewable energy technologies as we
strive for net-zero carbon buildings and net-zero energy buildings.

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We also need to enact policies and encourage individuals and

businesses to implement energy-efficient technologies and practices
that go beyond the minimum requirements that are required by the
building energy codes today. This includes the commercial building
tax deduction and setting realistic depreciation schedules for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment, which are currently set at 39 years.
We need to continue to support the utilization of voluntary consensus standards and regulation and codes, as required by the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act.
The CHAIRMAN. If you could summarize, please.
Mr. PETERSON. Yes.
We must apply our knowledge and experience to really provide
effective, practical and innovative solutions as we try to transform
the U.S.-built environment to green buildings.
It has been an honor to testify before the committee, and I welcome any questions that you may have.
[The statement of Mr. Peterson follows:]

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40
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Peterson, very much.
Our next witness is Edward Norton, who is an accomplished
actor and native son of Boston. But he is here in the role of trustee
of Enterprise Community Partners, an enterprise developing the
first national green building program focused entirely on affordable
housing.
Mr. Norton has been environmentally active for many years and
recently worked to improve the carbon footprint of the filming process in his upcoming movie, The Incredible Hulk, a green monster
indeed. [Laughter.]
So we actually have one in Boston at Fenway Park, a green monster. And now we have one in Hollywood that is working to serve
as an example for other movie-makers.
Mr. Norton, we are really honored to have you with us here
today. Whenever you are ready, please begin.

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STATEMENT OF EDWARD NORTON

Mr. NORTON. Thanks, Chairman Markey and all the members of

the committee. It is a great opportunity to testify on this subject.
As you said, I am testifying on behalf of Enterprise Community
Partners. Enterprise, for those of you who dont know, is a national
nonprofit organization whose mission is to ensure that all low-income people in the United States have the opportunity for fit and
affordable housing. Enterprise provides financing and expertise to
community-based organizations for affordable housing development
and other community revitalization activities.
We have invested more than $8 billion and created 240,000 affordable homes, strengthened communities through hundreds of cities across the country. And Enterprise also works very closely on
a bipartisan basis with policymakers at all levels of government to
develop solutions to low-income housing needs.
Now, I feel like I need to give a little context here. You gave
some. If you happen to occasionally go to the movies during the
summer recess, then you are probably wondering why I am here.
But Enterprise was founded by my grandfather, James Rouse, and
his wife Patty in 1982. My grandfather was a very well-known
urban philosopher, developer, planner, and a champion of American cities. He was fond of saying that, To build a better city is
to work at the heart of a civilization. And I have always tried to
keep thinking of that.
After retiring from his career in commercial development, he
spent the remainder of his life committed to expanding opportunities for low-income people, and he was awarded the Presidential
Medal of Freedom for this work in 1995 by President Clinton. He
was a great inspiration to me, he is the main reason that I am
here, and to all who knew him as well. Enterprise reflects his convictions today and his entrepreneurialism and his innovation.
I worked for Enterprise for a few years right after college while
I was moonlighting in a theater. And when the moonlighting started to become a paying occupation, I went on the board. [Laughter.]
So I have been on the board since 2000. And my principal interest and contribution has been to push Enterprise to lead on the
issue of greening the affordable-housing development model.

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41
So hopefully now nobody will write this off as Chairman Markey
pulling cameras into his committee room and you will indulge me
in the actual testimony.
Obviously, all of you are well aware, as everyone here at the
table has been saying, of the impact that residential and commercial buildings have on the greenhouse gas production. We are very
pleased that the committee is focused on buildings as part of its
leadership on climate change and energy issues generally. And we
feel, at Enterprise, that what we can speak to specifically are the
unique aspects of affordable housing in this context, which is often
left out of these conversations.
I think a lot of people assume that green practices are the provenance of commercial real estate, and that is absolutely not true,
and we are determined to include affordable housing in this conversation.
Enterprise recently published a white paper laying out a comprehensive case for connecting affordable housing to climate change
and energy needs and solutions through a Federal policy platform
called, Bringing Home the Benefits of Energy Efficiency to LowIncome Households. The paper is enclosed in our written testimony, so all of you have it, and I will address it only briefly.
Enterprise primarily works to bring benefits of sustainable development to low-income people on a fairly unprecedented scale
through something that we started called the Green Communities
Initiative. Through Green Communities, Enterprise is providing
funds and expertise to build and rehabilitate for-sale houses and
rental apartments that are healthier for low-income residents and
more energy-efficient and better for the environment.
Green Communities homes are built according to our Green Communities criteria, which, before LEED even, was the first national
framework of standards and practices for green affordable housing.
We have invested over $570 million in this initiative and have built
11,800 affordable green homes in 28 States, as of now.
We feel we have gained a couple of key insights through the
work.
The first is that green and affordable are not just intertwined
but that they are, in fact, inextricably linked agendas, insofar as
low-income people and communities suffer disproportionately from
housing challenges, energy costs and effects of climate change.
The good news is that we can now demonstrate very conclusively
that those agendas to create and build green and meet affordablehousing demand can be one and the same. We can show that the
costs are only about 2 to 4 percent higher, and that this premium
tends to come down for developers as they gain experience.
We can show that most of the marginally higher costs attributable to these measures generate financial savings for low-income
families, to whom those savings definitely matter the most. In
other words, those techniques do pay for themselves in an affordable context, and usually very quickly.
We can show that greening affordable development at scale does
result in measurable improvements in health and reduced healthcare costs, especially asthma; that green and affordable housing at
scale reduces carbon emission very measurably. And the evidence

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42
to back these assertions is included also in the written statement
that we have given you.
The other key insight that we have derived pursuing these goals
is that Federal leadership is essential and that a national commitment to this agenda in affordable housing is sorely lacking. We
need national, bipartisan commitment to this effort.
Our 10-point plan lays out key elements of what we think that
commitment should entail, and it is included in our statement. But
in the broad strokes, a Federal commitment of $5 billion a year
over 10 years could deliver huge benefits across the board: 25 to
40 percent energy savings in up to 25 million residential units; up
to 50 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions avoided; and hundreds of thousands of green jobs created annually.
This Federal commitment is relatively modest if one considers
that HUD, as Mayor Newsom mentioned, currently spends more
than $4 billion annually just to pay utilities in very inefficient,
Government-assisted properties. $5 billion is a very small share of
the projected revenues that would be generated under proposals to
curb greenhouse gas emissions currently under consideration in
Congress and supported by all three major presidential candidates.
The solutions are definitely available, but there is no more time,
we feel, for small-scale, incremental progress. We think that policymakers need to act with urgency and seriousness of purpose, for
starters. Congress just simply should not allow taxpayer funds to
support building of any kind that does not meet a more demanding
minimum standard for energy efficiency and indoor air quality and
lower carbon emissions.
To wrap it up, I mean, to make it a more personal statement, I
am sure that many of you saw, as I did, the recent paper that was
submitted by NASAs chief climatologist, James Hansen. I met him
with Congressman Markey, the other day.
The abstract attached to it argued that, and I will quote him, If
humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and on which life on Earth is adapted,
paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggests that
CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 parts per million
to, at most, 350 parts per million.
And that is a tough diagnosis, and it is a monumental challenge.
So the significance of these issues that you are debating really
cant be overstated.
We talked about this at the Earth Day rally, the other day. I
think that every generation is called on in different ways to serve
a higher purpose. I think I am the youngest person at the table,
and I wanted to comment that my grandparents generation rose
up, faced a great war against fascism and totalitarianism. My parents generation carried the torch of civil rights and social equality.
I have very little doubt, personallyI am 38 years oldI have very
little doubt that the legacy of my generation is going to hinge on
how we respond to these revelations that we are not living
sustainably and that we are altering the environment.
And I feel very confident in saying that my generation and even
those younger than us have truly embraced this as our cause and
that we are ready to rise to this challenge. But bluntly, we are not
yet running things; you are. And this is a problem, because the

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scale of this challenge is going to require bold action on a national

level. And our generation does not want to be told to go shopping
right now. We are ready to sacrifice, as our parents and grandparents did. We want to do nation-building, but we want to start
at home by playing our part in creating the next prosperous American century.
But somebody has got to call on us to do this by defining this
as a test of our American character, much as Lincoln and Franklin
Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy and other great leaders did in their
time. And we need it clearly articulated as a national priority, and
we need the bar set very high, much higher than it has been, because timidity is going to squander our generations resolve and resourcefulness.
So all of us at Enterprise commend you for convening this hearing, and we are available to answer any questions. Thank you for
the opportunity.
[The statement of Mr. Norton follows:]

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53
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Norton, very much.
In fact, your grandfather, James Rouse, came to Boston in the
middle of the 1960s and looked at our oldest buildingsFanueil
Hall, Quincy Marketand said, We can take those old buildings
and redesign them for the 20th and the 21st century.
Mr. NORTON. He would have done them more efficiently if he had
known what we know now.
The CHAIRMAN. But even with his vision, though, he did that in
Baltimore. He went city after city and took the oldest structures
and redesigned them for the new era. And you are here following
in his footsteps, asking for us to do it once again for the 21st century, and we thank you.
Mr. NORTON. Thanks for the opportunity.
The CHAIRMAN. Our next witness, Michelle Moore, is senior vice
president of policy and market development of the U.S. Green
Building Council. This council develops the LEED standard, one of
the most popular green building certification programs in the country.
We welcome you, Ms. Moore. Whenever you are ready, please
begin.

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STATEMENT OF MICHELLE MOORE

Ms. MOORE. Thank you very much. And thank you so much not
only for giving us the opportunity to address you here today with
so many colleagues and leaders from around the world on this
topic, but also for your explicitly stated intent to raise the level of
awareness of green buildings as a source of solutions for climate
change, for energy and a myriad of other issues.
As Americans, we spend 90 percent of our time indoors. Our
buildings have an extraordinary, if little understood, impact on our
health and well-being. And there are so many issues that they are
able to help us address.
So, to begin with, just a little bit about the U.S. Green Building
Council. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. We have been
in existence for about 15 years. And USGBCs mission is the market transformation of the built environment to sustainability. And
that concept of market transformation is extraordinarily important
in understanding the intent and, really, the uses of the LEED
green building rating system, which many of the other speakers
here today have referenced.
Our membership is composed of, to date, about 16,000 organizational members. So those are companies, educational institutions
and governmental agencies who are a part not only of USGBC as
an organization but who also participate in the consensus process
that develops and advances the LEED rating system.
Our vision in creating LEED and our intent in its use is that it
would set a high bar, challenge the leaders and innovators in the
marketplace to achieve it, and, in doing so, gradually raise the floor
of the industry.
Now, in the climate in which we currently exist, obviously the
U.S. Green Building Council feels a tremendous sense of urgency
associated with energy and climate, again, like so many of the colleagues on the panel here today. And that sense of urgency is expressed in our work.

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And if you had an opportunity to read the written testimony that
I shared, there has been extraordinary growth in the green building marketplace, certainly over the course of the past 8 years since
the introduction of the LEED green building rating system.
USGBCs growth is a reasonable proxy for understanding how
the market has been pacing forward, by every measure, by registered and certified buildings, membership in USGBC, or LEEDaccredited professionals in the community. So these are professionals from the engineering community, from the architectural
community who have committed themselves to greener buildings. It
has been doubling at the rate of about 50well, every 2 years, doubling every 2 years, growing at a rate of 50 percent a year, which
is good, but it is not enough in terms of what we need to achieve
in a very short period of time.
Other statistics in terms of market growth that I think are important to understand are that McGraw-Hill projects that by the
year 2010 there will be about a $60 billion marketplace for green
building products and services. So all of the projections that we
have heard about the potential for green job creation, for driving
tremendous innovation and entrepreneurialism in our economy
around the building sector, which is 14.7 of U.S. GDP and generates 9 million American jobs, are coming true today.
But the single greatest obstacle to that is the perception that, to
do something good, to do something better, to do something that is
better for the environment, it is going to cost you a pound of flesh.
And if you look at some of the research that has come out, even
over the course of the past year, about perceptions of green building, while there is an increasing understanding that, indeed, it
does save money, and if there is a first-cost premium associated
with building greenand the research out there right now says
that that first-cost premium typically stands at 1.5 percent of total
costit is paid back within the first year just based on utility savings. But the challenge is that the vast majority of the population,
even in professional communities, overestimate that first-cost premium by more than 300 percent. So it is a mindset that needs to
be transformed through demonstration, through research, through
case histories, that could make a tremendous impact in accelerating change.
Most of what we have talked about here today so far have been
new buildings, you know, how to really change the impact of new
structures that are being built today in Americahomes, schools,
commercial buildings, governmental buildingscan make. We
would put forth that the single greatest opportunity that we have
is with our existing building stock. It is 90 percent of the opportunity, quite literally.
And a recent McKinsey study that was published put forth that
it was a negative cost, which I guess means a profitable opportunity for CO2 emissions reductionsnegative cost is kind of a
funny way to say that. We can actually make money and generate
jobs and generate economic opportunity by investing in the buildings that we already have. That is true in the commercial space,
and that is true in the residential space as well.
It is not as sexy as solar panels. And it takes a lot of additional
training, you know, people whose skills we dont have today, but

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it is an enormous opportunity. We have done some initial calculations, and it suggests that 1.2 million jobs could be generated by
a complete commitment.
I would like to close just by offering one additional important
focus, and it is a focus that Congresswoman Solis brought up early
on, and that is our schools. In the commercial marketplace, our
schools are the single largest market sector. It is a $37 billion marketplace this year alone. And 20 percent of America goes to school
every day.
Congress has taken a leadership position on this with the Green
Schools Caucus, which many members of this committee have
joined as well. But it is an extraordinary opportunity not only to
dramatically reduce CO2 emissions, dramatically reduce energy
consumption, but, to Edward Nortons point, demonstrate in very
concrete terms to the next generation that we have a real commitment to a more sustainable future.
Thank you.
[The statement of Ms. Moore follows:]

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71
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Ms. Moore, very much.
And our final witness is Tony Stall, who is the vice president of
marketing for Dryvit Systems, Incorporated. Dryvit is a Rhode Island-based company that has been building exterior insulation and
finishing systems for over 30 years. This Outsulation offers improved insulation and energy efficiency benefits.
We welcome you, Mr. Stall. Whenever you are ready, please
begin.

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STATEMENT OF TONY STALL

Mr. STALL. Thank you, sir.

Before I begin, I would like to thank Mr. Norton for, as he wondered aloud if he was the youngest member at the table, you did
glance in my direction. [Laughter.]
And I know you were looking at Ms. Moore, but I am flattered
by that, as well as flattered to be in your presence and included
among you. So thank you.
And thank you, Mr. Chairman and Ranking Member Sensenbrenner, for the opportunity to address this committee on the issue
of energy efficiency in construction and strategies to reduce carbon
dioxide emissions, both of which are inherent benefits of the exterior cladding system manufactured by my company.
I would also like to offer special thanks to Congressman Sullivan,
who last year visited our Oklahoma office and greatly impressed
me with his sincere interest in both our company as well as the
contributions our products can make toward improving the environment and, importantly, our national energy security. Thank you.
Headquartered in West Warwick, Rhode Island, Dryvit also owns
manufacturing facilities in Georgia, Oklahoma and California, as
well as in Poland, China and Canada. Our parent company, RPM,
is a publicly traded American company which owns major construction-related brands, such as DAP, Rustoleum, Zinsser and Tremco.
Seventy-five percent of Dryvits business is in the United States, on
new construction as well as in the renovation of older structures.
Ours is not a new or unproven technology. In 1969, we brought
the concept of a highly energy-efficient exterior cladding system to
the United States. This system, as its name, Outsulation, suggests,
is uniquely defined by the placement of the insulating component
of the system on the exterior of the wall. That is where building
science has proven it to be most effective.
Dryvit Outsulation Systems have been used on over 400,000
structures in North America. A vast majority of the Nations architects and general contractors have specified and used Dryvit
claddings over the past 40 years, in both private- and public-sector
construction, residential and commercial, in all 50 States as well
as around the world.
Dryvit Outsulation Systems have been a popular choice for building owners because they are design-flexible, durable, cost-efficient,
and, most effective, more energy efficient than any other common
exterior cladding system available today.
This energy efficiency is validated by the Oak Ridge National
Laboratories, which evaluated seven common cladding systems:
brick, stucco, glass, concrete, wood, masonry, and the Dryvit
Outsulation System. Their findings are extremely compelling: Our

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system tested 84 percent more energy-efficient than next-best, 84
percent. What does that translate into for the building owner? An
average energy savings of between 20 and 30 percent. That is a significant benefit and one that can contribute enormously to meeting
our national energy policy objectives.
Approximately 80 percent of buildings and virtually all those
built prior to 1970 are more poorly insulated than required by current building codes. That is a significant problem when you consider that the USGBC asserts that more than 40 percent of all energy used in the United States is used to heat, cool and operate
buildings.
Developing cost-effective energy-efficient strategies for both new
and existing buildings are of the highest national priority. We can
immediately and meaningfully reduce our dependence on foreign,
nonrenewable energy sources by raising standards for the energy
efficiency of all types of buildings.
Importantly, such policies need not be more expensive to building
owners, residential or commercial. While precise costs are variable
to geography and project conditions, Dryvit Outsulation Systems
are a cost-effective method of achieving greater energy efficiency.
In a case study developed by a Nashville architect, 10 percent of
the shell construction costs on a typical three-story office building
were saved by substituting our Outsulation Systems for masonry.
This amounted to $570,000 in savings on a $5 million shell, a savings in concrete, steel, cladding, and HVAC systems.
Energy savings, however, are only half the story. The other half
involves our carbon footprint. We have always known that
Outsulation Systems reduce energy use.
What we did not know and needed to find out was whether the
energy needed to create, transport, and recycle our products was
greater or less than the energy saved by using them. To determine
this, we turned to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a division of the U.S. Commerce Department. NIST conducted a full 50-year lifecycle analysis, cradle to grave, of all
Outsulation system components, including the expanded polystyrene insulation. In nearly every category considered by NIST,
the Outsulation systems were superior to all other tested claddings.
Put it in terms we can all understand, Outsulation systems produced an overall lifecycle carbon footprint more than seven times
smaller than brick and five sometimes smaller than stucco.
The CHAIRMAN. If you could conclude, please.
Mr. STALL. I would like to conclude, Mr. Chairman, by thanking
you and your colleagues again for your time and the opportunity
to share this vitally important information with you. Cladding systems that place insulation on the outside of the wall have been
proven by independent U.S. Government agencies to be significantly more energy efficient, and leave a significantly smaller carbon footprint than those that do not.
With that in mind, I encourage you to strongly consider both
simplifying existing guidelines as well as recommending additional
legislation which will provide incentives to building owners that
choose to invest in building technologies that have already been
proven to significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon
emissions. Current technology can accomplish these goals. Building

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green with the right mix of products does not have to cost more.
It is responsible economic and environmental policy to encourage
the use of these technologies to every possible extent. Thank you.
[The statement of Mr. Stall follows:]

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80
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Stall, very much.
The Chair will now recognize himself for a round of questions.
And again, my mother always used to say, Eddie, you have got to
learn how to work smarter, not harder. And she would always say
that immediately before she said that she was going to donate my
brain to Harvard Medical School as a completely unused human
organ. But, essentially, her message was, lets just be more efficient. Think smarter here. Why waste energy, money, time when
you can be smarter?
So, Mayor Newsom, you heard the debate here. Lets just leave
the private sector go and do it. You dont need any regulations. You
dont need any government intrusion. Now, if you had not acted,
Mr. Mayor, what had been the case before you had put all of these
new codes and regulations on the books?
Mr. NEWSOM. I appreciate the spirit of the debate, and I appreciate the question. And the reality is they just simply werent doing
it. They were constructing to old standards. The designers and architects werent working together, werent coordinating, werent collaborating. Engineers were in a silo. And folks just werent focused
on it. In fact, a lot of developers, they are not operating or managing the buildings. They are just happy to get a product up and
gone, and then some new independent manager comes in, and they
just pass through the energy costs to the businesses. So the fact is
there was really no incentive.
So when you get everybody in the same room and you start creating some rationale on these things and explaining those costs,
and the fact they are going to be borne down the line, and be borne
in ways that are actually not economic stimulus, meaning they are
going to actually hurt our economic output and the economy, then
folks start saying, well, wait a second. You are telling me 1 percent, 2 percent. I have stats. We have a new study came out zero
to 2 percent, meaning de minimis. Some as high as 2 to 4 percent.
The reality is there is not much of a cost differential. It is the quality of imagination. That is all thats missing here. Common sense.
As you say, work smarter, not harder. So the fact is, as we push
people together, as we force them to think differently, they are acting differently, and they are happy to do it.
Private sector is a hundred percent on board. And we have some
of the exact same developers in every one of your towns that say
you know what, we get it. And we get it because we have a better
product that we can insure for less money, operate for less money,
get better workforce by getting better businesses here. It is a winwin.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Mayor.
Mr. Norton, when people think about low-income housing, they
say, well, lets kind of spend less money on it, and it wont be some
big luxury home. But how can you make something efficient with
green technologies if you cant spend money on it? What is the rationale? Can you explain it to the committee so people can understand why it makes sense to make these low-income units green?
Mr. NORTON. Well, there are lots of easy ways to make low income green. And in a strange way, low-income development, good
low-income development, has always been more efficient in the
sense that most good nonprofit community development of housing

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has involved efficiency training anyway for the economic reason
that the people in the lowest income brackets need the most relief
from the high nut of home energy use and things like that. That
is increasingly true as energy costs rise. Obviously, people in the
lowest income levels are suffering disproportionately from increasing energy costs.
But to your point, efficiency, there are lots of ways to make a
home more efficient that are not high cost premium items, from the
materials that are used to the efficient appliances, the Energy Star
appliances that are coming on line, and frankly just training people. Someone mentioned it, many people just arent aware how they
are using energy in their home. They are aware what their car
mileage is but not how they are using energy in their home.
But, as Mayor Newsom was saying, we are finding, in the affordable housing context, it is the same. There are a lot of the same
misperceptions that the various things that go into making the
footprint more efficient have a high-cost premium on them. And we
are finding also that it is in the 1 to 3 percent range and, as I mentioned, tends to drop with the learning curve. I think it is one of
the most salient points; I heard three different people say it, the
bottom line, the impact on the bottom line argument is based on
a lot of outdated information I think. The assumption that these
techniques carry a high-cost premium is sort of a canard at this
point that shouldnt be indulged too much longer.
The CHAIRMAN. Let me ask one final question on my round. And
that would be to Mr. Peterson, Ms. Moore, and Mr. Stall.
You heard Mayor Newsom talk about his regulations and how it
telescoped the timeframe to get the real benefits. And then once everyone was in, they realized they were benefitting from it. Do you
think that it is good to have regulations on the books that then everyone understands? Does that help to accomplish these goals, or
should we just leave it wide open to every single citizen of our
country and private sector individual to move forward on their own
pace?
Are regulations necessary, Mr. Peterson?
Mr. PETERSON. I believe that regulations offer the ability to set
goals for people in our industry. And as we talked about with green
buildings, we are changing the way that we design and construct
buildings.
The CHAIRMAN. So the answer is yes.
Mr. PETERSON. The answer is, it will accelerate the marketplace
by setting regulations.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you.
And ultimately help, not hurt those who are affected by the regulations.
Mr. PETERSON. That is correct.
The CHAIRMAN. Ms. Moore.
Ms. MOORE. The consensus process that Mayor Newsom described I think is extraordinarily important.
The CHAIRMAN. But then the consensus has to be made the regulation. You agree with that?
Ms. MOORE. Consensus has to drive local decisions.
The CHAIRMAN. Okay. Great.

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Mr. Stall, would your company be better off if we had a national
standard that everyone had to meet? How wealthy would you become and how fast?
Mr. STALL. First of all, there are many standards that apply to
exterior cladding systems such as we make. I mean, the code testing that is required to become compliant
The CHAIRMAN. Is that good?
Mr. STALL. I believe that is very good, because it acts on public
safety.
The CHAIRMAN. Good. That is all I need to hear.
My time has expired. Let me turn and recognize the gentleman
from Oklahoma, Mr. Sullivan.
Mr. SULLIVAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mayor, I was going to ask, you said a lot of good things, what
about like low income people that their houses arent very efficient,
do you have any innovative programs to address how they can afford to maybe update their homes?
Mr. NEWSOM. Yeah, we are very proud, we have a Power Savers
Program. We have other programs with our utility, PG&E, Pacific
Gas and Electric, and our California Public Utilities Commission,
which have been remarkable partners that go in doing energy audits in low-income communities primarily as well as small businesses. And we have all kinds of grants that are provided by the
private sector that basically make it de minimis again. The cost is
pretty negligible to retrofit. So we, as a consequence, have been fortunate enough that we have done so much on CFLs that we are
now restricting certain types of CFLs. So we are moving beyond the
incandescent-compressed fluorescent debate to what kinds of CFLs
we are using by eliminating T12s and requiring now T8s and
moving toward LEDs.
But the point I really want to underscore is Eds point, the issue
of environmental justice and the fact that the environmental movement in this country looks a lot like us, and the fact that four out
of five toxic waste dumps in this country are in African-American
communities. And here we are subsidizing $4 billion a year in HUD
for utilities. I mean, the idea that Republicans, not just least of
which Democrats, would sport with these increased utility costs;
that kind of subsidy is beyond me. It puts pressure on municipal
government, puts pressure on Federal and State government to increase taxes. And that is why I think the issue of particularly linking these requirements that focus on your question of how we can
address low-income communities and how we can insulate, literally
and figuratively, the costs that would otherwise be borne by people
on fixed income by investing up front in quality construction I
think is self-evident. I think it is an easy question to answer.
Mr. SULLIVAN. Are people taking advantage of it now?
Mr. NEWSOM. Unbelievably so. And it is something we market
consistently. And we are very proud of the programs. Yes.
Mr. SULLIVAN. And Mr. Peterson, and I guess Ms. Moore, does
your organization support any mandates, I guess national, State or
local, for the LEED rating system or certification program?
Mr. PETERSON. I will speak, obviously first, for my organization.
My organization actually writes most of the standards. They are
consensus-based standards by which the LEED rating system is

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modeled after. And so we write the energy efficiency standards for
buildings. We are working with the United States Green Building
Council with a new high-performance green building standard that
could be a standard adopted by local jurisdictions for minimum requirements for green buildings also.
Ms. MOORE. From our perspective, as I mentioned earlier, LEED
was developed as a voluntary rating system for green buildings.
And in many leadership-oriented communities, like San Francisco,
they have made a decision to move from incentives-based programs
like permitting, which is low or no cost for the city and puts a lot
of money back in the developers pockets to create that reason to
go green, to a community consensus-based decision to adopt LEED
across the board. Now a couple of years ago when USGBC decided
to partner with ASHRAE to create Standard 189, we did so explicitly because we thought the market was at a place at which there
needed to be that minimum standard that could set the level floor
for the level of green building achievement that any commercial
construction should be able to hit. And I believe that that standard
will be completed and available in the marketplace sometime early
next year.
Mr. SULLIVAN. And, Mr. Stall, did you bring a piece of Dryvit
with you?
Mr. STALL. I did not, sir. I am sorry.
Mr. SULLIVAN. I was just going to ask if you could, lets say I
have an old house and I want to save on my electric bill, heating,
cooling my home, it is a typical wood, I guess, house, how would
your product be applied to it? What would you do? And just how
much would it cost for I guess just a small house to have that
done?
Mr. STALL. Well, costs are of course variable according to the job.
Mr. SULLIVAN. Sure.
Mr. STALL. You are looking at an average of probably between
$5 and $10 a square foot, depending upon the design you ultimately wanted. You may be doing other things to your home, such
as changing windows, improving the sealants that may be old and
may need remodeling. You may be changing your roof. You are
probably going to involve an architect. If all you wanted to do was
add Outsulation to the exterior of the home, you would need only
contact Dryvit to start the process. And we would have a trained
applicator out there looking at what needed to be done and coming
up with a quote and
Mr. SULLIVAN. Just putting that on, though, that would be significant, just applying that to the outside of the home, wouldnt it?
Mr. STALL. It would probably be, for a couple of thousand square
feet on the exterior of a home, it would probably take a couple of
weeks to do. Not a complicated process.
Mr. SULLIVAN. And how is it applied to lets say a house? You
have the wood. Does the wood have to be taken off or
Mr. STALL. Typically, the cladding, the exterior cladding, would
be removed down to the substrate, which would likely be plywood
or OSB. And then the expanded polystyrene insulation board would
be attached directly to the plywood.
Mr. SULLIVAN. It is a neat product. I think it is a wonderful innovation. I appreciate you being here.

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Mr. STALL. Chairman, if I might, you asked a question about
The CHAIRMAN. The gentlemans time has expired. The gentlemans time has expired.
But you should be proud, Mr. Stall, because on C-SPAN you just
had the first commercial infomercial in C-SPAN history. So you
should be happy right where you are right now.
Let me turn here and recognize the gentleman from Oregon, Mr.
Blumenauer.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. Political infomercials dont count.
I appreciate the testimony here talking about the impacts. I
think the reference several of you made to $4 billion that the Federal Government is currently spending on utilities, I am very interested in the thoughts that you have about how we would redirect
this, how we get the people to have government leading by example
to actually bring this to pass. Any thoughts and observations?
Mr. NORTON. Well, there is a forthcoming piece of legislation
from Representative Perlmutter, I believe
Mr. BLUMENAUER. Right.
Mr. NORTON [continuing]. That is entitled the Green Resources
for Energy Efficient Neighborhoods Act, which is an attempt to just
basically legislate that HUD can incorporate environmental priorities into its various programs. For starters, just to have HUD actually
Mr. BLUMENAUER. You would rather have us change that to
should or will.
Mr. NORTON. Yeah, I would.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. Is there any reason that we dont mandate
that?
Mr. NEWSOM. I am at a complete loss. I mean, if the idea is to
reduce the costs of government, and here you have one of the easiest ways to reduce the cost of government, and everyone says, my
gosh, this is very challenging and difficult. I mean, this is simple.
You know, with all due respect, I am dumbfounded and at a complete loss when we are down at the local level where we can do it
in dysfunctional cities like San Francisco.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. Your words, not mine.
I appreciate, Mr. Norton, your referencing that bill. I think we
are ready to introduce it this next week. And I think Mr.
Perlmutter and Mr. Hodes have done a great job. I am planning
on being an original cosponsor of it.
This notion, though, of having a mandate, none of you would object to mandating the Federal Government have the highest standards?
Ms. MOORE. Congressman Blumenauer, if I might add, there are
about a dozen Federal agencies that have taken very far forward
leadership positions today in green building practices. It hasnt
been adopted across all Federal buildings obviously, but the Department of Energy, for instance, was one of the earliest investors
in the development of the LEED rating system, and helped to advance it. And GSA is doing extraordinary work as well that is exemplary.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. I guess what drives me crazy, I am as incredulous as some of our witnesses, I have been in Congress 13 years;
we have been having these conversations. We still dont have a uni-

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form policy. The Federal Government is the largest consumer of energy in the world. We are not setting the bar very high. And it
frustrates me. One other area, you mentioned issues that deal with
low-income consumers. And I appreciate you referenced Mr. Rose,
who was part of a panel we had last week here.
Mr. NORTON. You are talking about Jonathan Rose, who is also
on our board. Yeah.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. Jonathan Rose does a great job on your board.
We have got people back home that are committed to actually having buildings that generate more energy than they use, that use
more waste than they produce. So we know kind of what to do with
it. Is there an opportunity to go to the private sector in terms of
the private utilities that are trying to figure out how to use, how
to meet the needs that are coming down the line, and give them
a higher rate of return on projects, insulation, swapping out hot
water heaters? And nobody in America should have an electric hot
water heater bubbling away while they are not home, for instance.
Is there a role for the regulatory process with utilities themselves
to accelerate, to jump-start this?
Mr. PETERSON. Utilities play a very important part in actually
implementing these strategies. Especially in my home State of
California, as the mayor would tell you and he did actually indicate, utility companies need to understand that energy efficiency is
the first measure in providing return to their investors. And in
many States, as I travel across the United States, many States
have not understood that business model yet.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. I guess my question is, shouldnt we be pushing to make that a part of the State regulatory framework and
maybe have some FERC incentives?
Mr. PETERSON. I believe that we need to mimic some of the lessons that have been learned in the State of California and some of
the other States with respect to the public utilities on what energy
efficiency offers for the return on investment of those investors in
those utilities.
Mr. NEWSOM. And California is a great example, where we are
incentivizing our publicthrough the California Public Utilities
Commission, is incentivizing utilities like Pacific Gas and Electric
to do the right thing. They make money by doing the right thing.
And it is an extraordinary successful model.
Mr. BLUMENAUER. I see my time is wrapping up. Could I leave
a question for you to ponder and perhaps share with us at a later
date? I mentioned the location efficiency. We are having a problem
where some of the most desirable, from a transit perspective, is the
most expensive. Some of the cheapest housing is the most expensive for transportation. And it drives the greenhouse gas footprint.
Any thoughts or reflections that you or your organizations have
about ways that we might incent location efficiency to supplement
what you are doing would be welcome.
The CHAIRMAN. And if you could provide that in writing to the
committee from your organizations, we would very much appreciate
that.
The gentlemans time has expired.
The Chair recognizes the gentlelady from California, Ms. Solis.

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Ms. SOLIS. Thank you. And I apologize for having to step out earlier. I didnt hear all the testimony. But I am suremy staff tells
me it was very much on target.
I am concerned about the issue regarding environmental justice
communities, and the fact when we talk about the environment
and the greening, it very much looks like this room. It doesnt reflect many of the communities that some of the Members of Congress represent. And how do we incentivize our partners who want
to get involved in the greening of the environment and our buildings? What kinds of things or action can the Federal Government
take to help build that ability to have a workforce?
And Mrs. Moore, if you could answer, and also the mayor.
Ms. MOORE. The focus on investing in green job skills training
is extraordinarily important. The statistic I mentioned earlier, that
100 percent commitment to energy efficiency in building could
drive more than a million green jobs. The skills that are needed to
retrofit our buildings, the skills that are needed to retrofit our
homes for energy efficiency arent necessarily present in the workforce today. You know, any of us who live in Washington D.C., if
we wanted to do a deep energy retrofit on our houses, market price,
affordable or otherwise, good luck finding someone you could call
to help you do that. There are some wonderful programs out there
that begin to provide benchmarks, like Energy Star performance
for homes that even work for existing structures.
But in making an investment in the workforce, and for those of
us who represent the nonprofit community, cultivating stronger
partnerships with trade unions and with other organizations that
represent the workforce that stands to benefit from this is very,
very high on our agenda, as well as partnerships with Enterprise
Community Partners and others who help bring affordability to the
agenda. Because I think that we would all agree that we cant afford as a society to allow living in a green home or working in a
green office to be eco-bling.
Mr. NEWSOM. Well, this is the great opportunity, is to lock people
into the green sustainable economy that have been locked out of
the old industrial age economy and really focus on the issue of environmental justice in the context of looking at its racial implications, and taking advantage of the opportunity to look at your Federal workforce dollars and your workforce training dollars in a way
that advances that and focuses on underserved communities and
focuses on the creation of these jobs that are jobs that were wisely
stated earlier that cant be outsourced. These are the jobs that need
real bodies to do real work within the community.
I will just give you a brief example in San Francisco. We have
a solar incentive program. We actually have a solar incentive program that will provide up to $6,000, just a cash rebate. That assumes, though, that the individual that wants to put solar on their
roof getsrather uses resources from the city and invests it back
in through an organization that does workforce training targeted
within ZIP codes in our city that are in underserved communities.
You get only $3,000 if you dont. Meaning we are actually putting
real money up. We will double the incentive if you go through
workforce training programs within the city and county of San
Francisco in underserved communities.

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So there are all kinds of ways to create incentives that create
market decisions that are in line with I think the broad ideology
here represented in Congress.
Ms. SOLIS. Are any other cities doing that of, say, your size?
Mr. NEWSOM. None. In fact, we very notably are proud that we
are taking the lead on this. But there are hybrids of it all across
the country, Portland of course being one of the most progressive
and extraordinary examples, but in smaller ways. San Francisco
will be the first to do that.
Another thing I also think is important, we are about to replace
our payroll tax with a carbon tax. We will be the first city in the
United States to do that. Which gets into that whole issue of all
those buildings we are not talking about. And we are looking to address some of the issues of inequality, looking at more
grandfathering. We dont want to burden people on fixed income
with an increase in their utility users tax or businesses in turn.
And so we are looking at very progressive grant funds as well and
other incentives that would lock into some of the points in question
that you were mentioning earlier.
Ms. SOLIS. Just one comment if anyone wants to comment on the
notion of trying to create some kind of a carbon tax fund, investment fund that could then be made available to low-income communities or areas that are blighted or could be identified as green
zones. Is there any talk about that out there in the private sector
world?
Mr. NEWSOM. That is literally what we have done. When I say
ZIP codes, we have created zones on the basis of ZIP Codes and on
the basis of asthma rates and all other kinds of indices that we
have determined. One of the exciting things
Ms. SOLIS. Do you think the Federal Government should consider
that?
Mr. NEWSOM. Absolutely. Yes. I will leave it at that.
Ms. SOLIS. Quickly, quickly, because my time is running out.
Mr. NORTON. Certainly. We feel very strongly that Enterprise did
some of theyou know, we are exploring extensively the way that
these investments, these initial investments in greening affordable
housing will actually pay dividends, real dividends in the sense
that, as the carbon economy becomes more defined, there might be
quite a bit of revenue available to the nonprofits, the community
development corporations, things like that available, you know, to
come back to them out of the carbon economy in terms of carbon
credits and things like that. So, literally, not just in terms of, is
there a cost premium on it, but that there actually might be a return on investment over time because, you know, the carbon trading is here. And we are already figuring out ways for the low-income development community to tap that as a source of revenue.
The CHAIRMAN. The gentleladys time has expired.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Washington State, Mr.
Inslee.
Mr. INSLEE. Thank you. I was struck by Mr. Nortons request for
a challenge, you know, from Washington D.C., and his regretting
the fact that a bunch of old guys are still running this joint. You
know, and I just want to assure him we got guys, you know, Eddie
Markey pushing 90, he has got some good ideas. Earl Blumenauer,

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the leader of transportation and planning pushing, you know, 80,
and he has still got good ideas. So you are seeing some challenges
here.
Mr. NORTON. You need to get a microphone.
Mr. INSLEE. Yeah.
I just wondered what is the best way to frame that challenge?
You know, I was struck by your language saying we need a challenge that will challenge people to the better angels of their nature
to rise to this new enterprise. What is best way to talk about that?
And the reason I ask you is, I have talked about it, and some people have criticized me the way I talk about it. I talk about we got
to recreate the Apollo project. Americans still have the right stuff.
This is for America to fulfill its destiny.
And some people say, no, no, you should talk in some terms
about sacrifice, that somehow we have to sacrifice. That should be
part of the language. I just wondered, you are a master of the popular culture, what do you think is the right way to talk about this
revolution?
Mr. NORTON. I am glad you brought that up. It does strike me,
listening to the appropriate debate about the cost-benefit analysis
and what is the best instrument of these changes, is it the free
market, that part of what in my mind, without being an alarmist,
what breaks the validity of that debate down is to some degree the
environment of crisis that we are facing. I mean, this country has
done what it needed to do historically when it faced crisis. And the
question thatyou know, the question that was put to the forefront
was not in those scenarios, you know, well, should the market handle this or not. You know, we didnt ask if the market would handlethe market created the Depression. We didnt look to the market, the free market to fix, you know, the country in the crisis of
the Depression. We didnt look to the free market to figure out how
to take on the challenge ofa global challenge like World War II.
This country has many times in its history acknowledged that it
needed to meet a challenge that the free market was not the best
instrument of for that.
And I think, you know, you reference Lincoln and the better angels of our nature. I think that, in those moments, I think that people, you know, young peoplemy father still talks about being a
sophomore in college and hearing Kennedy say the phrase, ask not
what your country can do for you but what you can do for your
country. Nobody is saying things like that to us. They are just not,
not in a meaningful way. I think they are not callingyou know,
people my age and younger I think look at government these days
as an argument between parties as opposed to a conversation about
the country. And I think that a framing, a framing context, framing this as an epochal challenge, saying this is what your grandchildren and their grandchildren are going to remember this era
for, how you stood up and faced this problem, is inspiring. We want
to be inspired. We want to be inspired by language thatand when
you reference the Apollo project or something like that, I think
that, at core, I do think that is a part of it. I think it is about leadership creating a narrative really for people, a narrative that gives
them something to engage in, a role that they can play in a collective agenda.

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And I think you talk about the popular culture, the downside of
it is the fragmentation of our popular culture, our national culture.
It is a function of our diversity. But what we are missing, I think
what we have been missing for a long time is that narrative that
unites us in a sense of common purpose.
Mr. INSLEE. There are a couple books that I think fulfill that. I
will give one of them after this hearing is over.
But one other quick question, as far as greening the as-built environment, one of the great challenge is financing this. You know,
everybody can save energy if they will put a few grand down to
green their house, their as-built house. But getting that financing
is a real issue. And it seems to me that we need some structure
of an industry who will essentially assume your energy ownership
of your home that will in fact put up the capital, do the improvements, and have the homeowner pay what they would have paid
otherwise, less some money for their savings over time to a company that has assumed the risks for the energy costs. That doesnt
really exist right now. Can it? Should it? What do we do to get that
type of structure just in 30 seconds?
Ms. MOORE. Two quick things. One, there is some wonderful
models that are working. In California, of course, for on bill financing for home energy efficiency improvements. And in the commercial sector, ESCOs, Energy Service Companies, that effectively finance investment today based upon recapturing the energy savings
tomorrow are both models that are replicable. They are just not implemented in a very large scale today.
Mr. INSLEE. I will work on that.
Thank you.
The CHAIRMAN. The gentlemans time has expired.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Missouri, Mr. Cleaver.
Mr. CLEAVER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
My concern is whether or not the poorest people are going to also
be the last people to benefit by the higher level of consciousness
surroundingaround the environment. I grew up 300 yards maybe
from the landfill and from the waste treatment plant. I was in
I did my annual examination 2 months ago, and I was scared to
death that, when the doctor called me in afterwards to tell me I
had little scratches on my lungs, that he was going to say that I
did in fact have some form of cancer, which I think has devastated
my high school class.
But we have a difficult job to do. And I am interested in your
response to this, because I think we are going to need your help.
Dan Quayle, former Vice President, had a grandfather who was a
United Methodist minister. He was a master of elocution. He was
a fabulous person. Mr. Quayle got things mixed up sometimes. And
on one occasion, as he was trying to quote the theme of the United
Negro College Fund, he said, a mind is a terrible thing to lose.
And I agree with him. He was trying to say, a mind is a terrible
thing to waste. But I think a crisis is a terrible thing to waste.
And I think we are in the middle of a crisis. And I really dont
want to waste it.
I think it is a time that we can create consciousness about what
is happening in the urban core, with people still today living close
to landfills, living close to waste treatment plants.

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And the other part of it is there are 20,000 foreclosures a week
in the United States, 20,000. And one of the things that I have
been hoping for and talking about is that if we passwell, actually,
the Senate has a bill it is struggling with now with FHA, but if
we are going to have legislation that would make it more possible
for FHA to come in and save homes that are in foreclosure and reduce interest rates and so forth, that maybe we ought to have another opportunity or requirement that we do some kind of weatherization. Because even if they save their home, even if we are helpful in saving their homes, Mr. Mayor, the other problem is they live
in the oldest part of the city; they are going to still end up paying
more money out even if you save your home. You are still going to
be paying out more money because you are poorer than people who
are living in an affluent area.
And I guess this is more of a plea. We need some preachers, you
know, people who are going out, talking and getting across the reality of what we are facing in this country.
Mr. NEWSOM. It is faith and works. You need preachers and people to take that passion, twin it with some action and demonstrate
it.
Look, I think what Ed is doing with Enterprise is extraordinary.
And this legislation is incredibly principled in terms of linking Federal dollars to public housing, HOPE VI in particular, to these
green building standards. If no place else, we should establish some
framework of some minimum standards with some local autonomy
and some flexibility perhaps.
Mr. CLEAVER. We did do that on the Hope VI Program in New
Orleans and Mississippi.
Mr. NEWSOM. Perfect model then.
Mr. CLEAVER. We are requiring that all of those one-for-one replacements are in fact green construction.
Mr. NEWSOM. And then twin it with workforce training dollars
to get those residents working on rebuilding their own homes in
their home communities. And I think that is then how you begin
to reconcile some of these issues, address some of the institutional
issues and generational issues in a meaningful way. But I appreciate your passion. And I know that Ed and others, I think everyone on this dais shares those same passions.
Mr. NORTON. I think you are getting into something that is definitely a strong point in our position paper that we have submitted
to you, is that apart from bold, bold ideas, you know, paradigmshifting ideas, there is so much in the public sector that you could
do to easily just align existing incentives with these goals. And if
you were to do nothing else, you could have your staff go back,
pour through what already exists, what the government is already
doing and bring the standards a little bit more in line with these
things. It would be an incredibly effective way just to begin.
The CHAIRMAN. Okay. The gentlemans time has expired.
Mr. CLEAVER. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
The CHAIRMAN. And all time has expired because there are a
number of roll calls on the House floor. So we will have to end the
hearing.
Here is how I would like to end the hearing. I would like each
one of our witnesses to give us their 1-minute concluding state-

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ment, what you want us to remember. We are going to go in reverse order that we started with. And while you are thinking about
that, I also want to thank Ann Blackwell and Design Within Reach
for their three green chairs here. It is a start. Okay.
We will begin here and try to do it fordo you want to come out
here so we can recognize you, Ann, for your work? Thank you so
much. We appreciate this precedent-setting set of chairs that we
are using here today.
So lets begin with you, Mr. Stall. You have 1 minute.
Mr. STALL. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
I didnt get to comment on public policy, so now is my chance.
When shopping for a car last week, I was offered a $2,400 tax credit for buying a Nissan Altima hybrid. I would save approximately
$400 worth of gas a year by driving that car. You offer currently
a homeowner $300 on the old energy tax credit for making energy
conservation improvements to his home. By using exterior insulation, he can reduce his energy bills by 20 to 30 percent per year,
which in my State of Rhode Island, my heating oil costs of $8,000
per year would be roughly $2,000. I get a $300 tax credit to save
$2,000 a year. If I buy a car that saves $400 a year, I get a $2,400
tax credit.
Change it.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Stall.
Ms. Moore.
Ms. MOORE. Given all the conversation around the room today,
particularly about issues related to social justice, social equity, I
would urge all of you and everyone in the room to remember green
schools is a critical priority. There is no reason that today in America that every school being built shouldnt be green. And that every
school that exists shouldnt be greened as well. Because, as Congressman Cleaver mentioned, his high school class has been decimated by lung cancer and other kinds of environmental issues. And
this is a solution that we can bring today. The technology exists
today, and it does not cost more for a healthier future.
The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Norton.
Mr. NORTON. I think that it is terrific that you are focusing,
within the context of the overall energy and global warming crisis,
on the built environment. That is, I think, underappreciated as one
of the core sources of these problems. I think, from Enterprises
perspective, we would like to add emphasis to not forgetting about
the affordable housing development community within that built
environment. Many, many people dont think that the affordable
housing equation can support the same standards and practices
that are going on in the commercial building environment, and
they absolutely can. And so, as you look at it, dont forget about
affordable.
And in a much broader sense, as Congressman Cleaver said,
please dont squander the opportunity of the crisis. I think, dont
be afraid to frame these challenges in the kinds of, not panicky, but
epochal term terms that they deserve. There is not a lot of time all
the best minds are telling us. And I think for people of my generation, we want to hear it framed as a national challenge. We want
to hear it invoked as something that needs to become a national
priority.

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The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Norton.
Mr. Peterson.
Mr. PETERSON. Energy availability and climate change are a crisis, a crisis that is starting to grow year by year as we start to
move forward. I would ask the panel to consider, as we move forward, what type of leadership we can provide in the United States,
leadership that provides and frames what that cause would be for
Americans, leadership that also shows what the challenges will be,
leadership that includes vision, vision that goes out at least 20
years. Where will we be as a Nation and what type of immediate
action can we start to take in order to lead this country towards
energy independence and reduction in carbon emissions?
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you.
Mr. NEWSOM. Chairman Markey, entire committee, thank you.
You give me optimism and hope. And I mean that with sincerity.
It is not a throw-away line. And all I can say is please LEED by
example. And what I mean by lead is not l-e-a-d. In this case LE-E-D. At least create some framework for Federal taxpayers dollars to do the right thing and begin to substantively address by example these issues and address the issue of environmental justice.
There is nobility in that cause. And that is exactly the kind of leadership that you can do in the short run that will make a huge difference in the long run.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mayor Newsom, very much.
We thank each of you.
And as we were at this hearing today, Secretary of Interior
Kempthorne just announced that he is listing the polar bear as a
threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, which
sounds great.
But then, he also announced that he is using a loophole so that
he has to do exactly nothing to help the polar bear in its now newly
established endangered species position. Not exactly a conversion
on the road to Damascus, but consistent with this administrations
policies of preaching temperance from a barstool. You cannot have
a beer in your hand as you tell the kids it is really bad for them.
You cant have a cigar in your mouth as you say smoking is bad
for you. And you cant be out there preaching while at the same
time saying there is no role for the government. Okay.
And so what we learned here today is that if the government sets
the standards, then the private sector will show up.
Mr. Stall will get even exponentially richer than he is already.
And that is a good thing, because the private sector will then compete to solve the problem. And that is really what today is all
about. It is this sense of community that the United States has to
have to solve the problem.
This has been one of the most important hearings we will have
during this first 2 years of the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming. We thank you all so much. This
hearing is adjourned.
[Whereupon, at 3:46 p.m., the committee was adjourned.]

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