PROJECT :
PJE
JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY :
DATE
:
hanz
10-Nov-16
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )
CULVERT NO. :
INPUT DATA
DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX
beban q
Internal width
Internal height
Wall thickness
Slab thickness
Effective width
Effective height
=
=
=
=
=
=
3600
1800
400
400
4000
2200
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
D
1800
C
3600
ASSUMPTIONS
Thickness of pavement =
Unit weight of soil
Unit weight of concrete
Unit weight of pavement
Soil cover
=
=
=
=
110 mm
20
24
24
100
kN/m3
kN/m3
kN/m3
mm
::
LOADING
HB wheel load =
Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure =
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure =
62.5 kN/wheel
NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL
0.6
0.2
PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY
(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)
Dead load (concrete)
Superimposed dead load
HB Highway load
Earth pressure
ULS for concrete
=
=
=
=
=
1.15
1.75
1.30
1.50
1.10
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
fcu =
fy =
20 N/mm2
320 N/mm2
::
336467119.xls
BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS
UNFACTORED LOAD
Self weight of top slab
Weight of walls
Weight of pavement
Weight of soil cover
HB Highway load
=
=
=
=
=
9.60
7.85
2.64
2.00
77.49
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only
L=
B=
(A)
2.01 m (longitudinal dispersion)
3.21 m (transverse dispersion)
ANALYSIS OF BOX
CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.
P1 ------> ! A
where
P1, P2 = earth pressure
!
!
!
P2 ------> ! B
P1 =
26.15 kN/m2
P2 =
69.71 kN/m2
Top slab pressure =
130.57 kN/m2
Base pressure =
140.51 kN/m2
::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.
-FEM(AD) =
FM(AD) =
FEM(AB) =
-FEM(BA) =
FM(AB) =
FEM(BC) =
FM(BC) =
174.10
261.15
17.57
21.09
29.00
187.34
281.02
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
Moment distribution (case 1):
distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) =
DF(AB) = DF(DC) =
Joints
DF
FEM
A
AD
0.22
-174.1
33.8
0.22
0.78
BC
0.22
187.3
-35.9
2.2
BA
0.78
-21.1
-130.4
61.4
-48.1
25.6
-20.1
9.4
-7.4
-118.9
118.9
-130.7
130.7
5.2
###
###
B
AB
0.78
17.6
122.8
-65.2
51.1
-24.1
18.9
-10.0
7.9
14.1
I(slab) =
I(wall) =
-13.2
-5.5
-2.0
::
(B)
CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom
slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.
P1 =
8.72 kN/m2
P2 =
23.24 kN/m2
FEM(AB) =
FM(AB) =
-FEM(BA) =
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints
AD
DF
0.22
FEM
-174.1
36.3
2.3
A
AB
0.78
5.9
132.0
-70.7
55.5
-25.9
20.3
-10.9
8.5
BA
0.78
-7.0
-141.4
66.0
-51.7
27.7
-21.7
10.1
-8.0
-114.6
114.6
-126.1
15.3
5.6
336467119.xls
5.86 kNm/m
9.67 kNm/m
7.03 kNm/m
B
BC
0.22
187.3
-38.9
-14.2
-6.0
-2.2
126.1
DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE
Hogging
moment at bottom corners =
130.70 kNm/m
130.70
Hogging
moment at top corners =
118.92 kNm/m
118.92
Sagging
moment at top slab =
146.51 kNm/m
146.51
Sagging
moment at bottom slab =
154.96 kNm/m
154.96
95.81 kNm/m
-95.81
Hogging
moment of wall =
SHEAR
cover to rebar =
size of rebar =
50 mm
12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d =
344 mm
Shear V =
156.25 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d =
344 mm
Shear V =
11.97 kN/m
REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging
Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K=
0.055
No comp.steel required.
Z=
321.41
As(req)=
1460.6
(ii) wall
K=
0.055
No comp.steel required.
Z=
321.41
As(req)=
1461
Hogging
(i) Slab
R1" =
P3' =
P3" =
<
0.156
<
mm2/m
326.8
<
0.156
<
mm2/m
326.8
K=
0.050 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
323.58 <
As(req)=
1320 mm2/m
0.156
K=
0.050 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
323.58 <
As(req)=
1320 mm2/m
0.156
14.91
52.13
17.38
Steel at Top Corners :
326.8
(ii) wall
::
Sagging
Sagging
326.8
Steel at Top Slab :
K=
0.062 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
318.44 <
As(req)=
1653 mm2/m
0.156
326.8
Steel at Bottom Slab :
K=
0.065 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
316.83 <
As(req)=
1757 mm2/m
Steel in Wall :
K=
0.040 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
327.76 >
As(req)=
1053 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) =
(ii) Wall
As (min) =
0.156
326.8
Hogging
0.156
326.8
516 mm2/m
516 mm2/m
REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =
16
spacing
1320 mm2/m
1340 mm2/m
150 c/c
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =
16
spacing
1461 mm2/m
1340 mm2/m
150 c/c
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =
16
spacing
1461 mm2/m
1340 mm2/m
150 c/c
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
Steel Area Not Surfficient!!
(III) WALL
336467119.xls
Steel Area Not Surfficient!!
(B) MIDSPAN STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =
16
spacing
1653 mm2/m
1675 mm2/m
120 c/c
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =
16
spacing
1757 mm2/m
1675 mm2/m
120 c/c
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =
16
spacing
1053 .
1340 mm2/m
150 c/c
::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
Steel Area Not Surfficient!!
(III) WALL
SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear
Shear stress v
ps
vc
=
=
=
=
156.25
0.45
0.39
0.45
kN
N/mm2
%
N/mm2
Shear failure.
Shear
Shear stress v
ps
vc
=
=
=
=
11.97
0.03
0.39
0.45
kN
N/mm2
%
N/mm2
Shear is OK.
(ii) Wall
::
(I) TOP SLAB
D 16 - 150 mm c/c
(I) TOP SLAB
D 16 - 120 mm c/c
D 16 - 150 mm c/c
(III) WALL
(III) WALL
D 16 - 150 mm c/c
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
D 16 - 120 mm c/c
GAMBAR PENULANGAN BOX CULVERT
336467119.xls
(II) BOTTOM SLAB
D 16 120 mm c/c
336467119.xls
mm4
mm4
336467119.xls
336467119.xls
336467119.xls
