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Residual Chlorine Determination Methods

This document describes a lab experiment to determine residual chlorine in water. Residual chlorine is the chlorine remaining after water contacts chlorine during disinfection. It exists in free or combined forms. The experiment uses titration with sodium thiosulfate to measure chlorine, with starch indicator showing the endpoint of the reaction. Samples are acidified then titrated until the yellow iodine color fades, with starch added at the pale yellow point, until the blue color disappears. The volume of sodium thiosulfate used is then used to calculate the residual chlorine concentration in the water sample.

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Naeem Akhtar Samoon
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2K views3 pages

Residual Chlorine Determination Methods

This document describes a lab experiment to determine residual chlorine in water. Residual chlorine is the chlorine remaining after water contacts chlorine during disinfection. It exists in free or combined forms. The experiment uses titration with sodium thiosulfate to measure chlorine, with starch indicator showing the endpoint of the reaction. Samples are acidified then titrated until the yellow iodine color fades, with starch added at the pale yellow point, until the blue color disappears. The volume of sodium thiosulfate used is then used to calculate the residual chlorine concentration in the water sample.

Uploaded by

Naeem Akhtar Samoon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Chemicals Required
  • Materials Required
  • Determination of Residual Chlorine - Theory
  • Calculations
  • Observations
  • Procedure

LAB EXPERCISE # 10

DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL CHLORINE


THEORY
Residual chlorine is the free chlorine remaining in water after 15-30 minutes of contact
between the water and the chlorine dose. The presence of residual chlorine ensures an
effective check over the reduction of bacteria in water to the safe limit.
The residual chlorine may be present in the free form which has a very rapid disinfecting
action or it may be in the combined form with ammonia to form chloramines which is
less active.
Residual chlorine is determined by two methods- the Starch iodide and the orthotolidine
method. The free and combined forms of chlorine residuals are determined by the
Orthotolidine Arsenite method.
The disinfection of water for the control of micro-organisms is an important phenomenon
of water supply. Chlorine and chlorine release compounds used universally for the
control of micro-organisms in water. Ozone is another alternative, but it is quite
expensive. If chlorine is present in high concentration it adversely affects the taste and
odour.
The elemental form of chlorine such as hypochlorite is generally used which undergoes
hydrolysis to form free available chlorine which kills the micro-organisms. The chlorine
level can be expressed in terms of the free chlorine, combined chlorine or total residual
chlorine. For the majority of applications free residual chlorine is used for disinfection.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Burrete, Burrete Stand, Pippete, Pippete Bulb, Wash Bottle, 250 ml Graduated Cylinder,
500 ml volumetric flask.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Glacial Acetic Acid, Potassium iodide, Sodium thiosulphate, Starch Indicator, Distilled
Water.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & MONITORING-I (ENV 309)


Naeem Samoon

PROCEDURE
1. Rinse the burrete with Sodium thiosulphate and then fill the burrete with Sodium
thiosulphate.
2. Take 200 ml of the given sample in the conical flask.
3. Add 5 ml Acetic acid to acidify the sample to pH 3 to 4.
4. Add about 1 g Potassium iodide using the spatula and dissolve it by thoroughly
mixing it with stirring rod.
5. Perform the titration quickly, since iodine liberates faster.
6. Titrate with standard Na2S2O3 until the yellow colour of liberated iodine is almost
faded out (pale yellow colour).
7. Add 1 ml of starch solution and continue the titration until the blue colour
disappears.
8. In many cases residual chlorine is very low and starch needs to be added before
starting up the titration.
9. Note down the burrete reading (to know the volume of sodium thiosulphate
added.

OBSERVATIONS
[Link]
.

Volume of
Sample (ml)

Burrete Reading
Initial

Final

Volume of titrant
(Na2S2O3) used
(ml)

Concordant Reading

CALCULATIONS
Volume of Sodium thiosulphate (V1) =

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & MONITORING-I (ENV 309)


Naeem Samoon

Normality of Sodium thiosulphate (N1)=


Volume of Sample (V2)=
Equivalent Weight of Chlorine =
Residual Chlorine=

Volume of Sodium thiosulphate x N x 35.45 x 1000


Volume of Sample taken

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & MONITORING-I (ENV 309)


Naeem Samoon

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