1. What do you know about Java?

Java is a high-level programming language originally

developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995.
Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows,
Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.
2. What are the supported platforms by Java
Programming Language?
Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows,
Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like
HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS,
etc.
3. List any five features of Java?
Some features include Object Oriented, Platform
Independent, Robust, Interpreted, Multi-threaded
4. Why is Java Architectural Neutral?
Its compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file
format, which makes the compiled code to be executable
on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime
system.
5. How Java enabled High Performance?
Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high
performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a program that
turns Java bytecode, which is a program that contains
instructions that must be interpreted into instructions
that can be sent directly to the processor.
6. Why Java is considered dynamic?
It is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java
programs can carry extensive amount of run-time
information that can be used to verify and resolve
accesses to objects on run-time.
7. What is Java Virtual Machine and how it is
considered in context of Javas platform
independent feature?
When Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform
specific machine, rather into platform independent byte
code. This byte code is distributed over the web and
interpreted by virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever
platform it is being run.
8. List two Java IDEs?
Netbeans, Eclipse, etc.
9. List some Java keywords(unlike C, C++
keywords)?
Some Java keywords are import, super, finally, etc.
10. What do you mean by Object?
Object is a runtime entity and its state is stored in fields
and behavior is shown via methods. Methods operate on
an object's internal state and serve as the primary
mechanism for object-to-object communication.
11. Define class?
A class is a blue print from which individual objects are
created. A class can contain fields and methods to
describe the behavior of an object.

12. What kind of variables a class can consist of?

A class consist of Local variable, instance variables and
class variables.
13. What is a Local Variable?
Variables defined inside methods, constructors or blocks
are called local variables. The variable will be declared
and initialized within the method and it will be
destroyed when the method has completed.
14. What is a Instance Variable?
Instance variables are variables within a class but
outside any method. These variables are instantiated
when the class is loaded.
15. What is a Class Variable?
These are variables declared with in a class, outside any
method, with the static keyword.
16. What is Singleton class?
Singleton class control object creation, limiting the
number to one but allowing the flexibility to create more
objects if the situation changes.
17. What do you mean by Constructor?
Constructor gets invoked when a new object is created.
Every class has a constructor. If we do not explicitly
write a constructor for a class the java compiler builds a
default constructor for that class.
18. List the three steps for creating an Object for a
class?
An Object is first declared, then instantiated and then it
is initialized.
19. What is the default value of byte datatype in
Java?
Default value of byte datatype is 0.
20. What is the default value of float and double
datatype in Java?
Default value of float and double datatype in different as
compared to C/C++. For float its 0.0f and for double its
0.0d
21. When a byte datatype is used?
This data type is used to save space in large arrays,
mainly in place of integers, since a byte is four times
smaller than an int.
22. What is a static variable?
Class variables also known as static variables are
declared with the static keyword in a class, but outside a
method, constructor or a block.
23. What do you mean by Access Modifier?
Java provides access modifiers to set access levels for
classes, variables, methods and constructors. A member
has package or default accessibility when no
accessibility modifier is specified.
24. What is protected access modifier?

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Variables, methods and constructors which are declared

protected in a superclass can be accessed only by the
subclasses in other package or any class within the
package of the protected members' class.
What do you mean by synchronized Non Access
Modifier?
Java provides these modifiers for providing
functionalities
other
than
Access
Modifiers,
synchronized used to indicate that a method can be
accessed by only one thread at a time.
According to Java Operator precedence, which
operator is considered to be with highest
precedence?
Postfix operators i.e () [] . is at the highest precedence.
Variables used in a switch statement can be used
with which datatypes?
Variables used in a switch statement can only be a
string, enum, byte, short, int, or char.
When parseInt() method can be used?
This method is used to get the primitive data type of a
certain String.
Why is String class considered immutable?
The String class is immutable, so that once it is created a
String object cannot be changed. Since String is
immutable it can safely be shared between many threads
,which is considered very important for multithreaded
programming.
Why is StringBuffer called mutable?
The String class is considered as immutable, so that
once it is created a String object cannot be changed. If
there is a necessity to make alot of modifications to
Strings of characters then StringBuffer should be used.
What is the difference between StringBuffer and
StringBuilder class?
Use StringBuilder whenever possible because it is faster
than StringBuffer. But, if thread safety is necessary then
use StringBuffer objects.
Which package is used for pattern matching
with regular expressions?
java.util.regex package is used for this purpose.
java.util.regex consists of which classes?
java.util.regex consists of three classes Pattern class,
Matcher class and PatternSyntaxException class.
What is finalize() method?
It is possible to define a method that will be called just
before an object's final destruction by the garbage
collector. This method is called finalize( ), and it can be
used to ensure that an object terminates cleanly.
What is an Exception?
An exception is a problem that arises during the
execution of a program. Exceptions are caught by
handlers positioned along the thread's method
invocation stack.
What do you mean by Checked Exceptions?
It is an exception that is typically a user error or a
problem that cannot be foreseen by the programmer. For
example, if a file is to be opened, but the file cannot be
found, an exception occurs. These exceptions cannot
simply be ignored at the time of compilation.
Explain Runtime Exceptions?
It is an exception that occurs that probably could have
been avoided by the programmer. As opposed to

checked exceptions, runtime exceptions are ignored at

the time of compliation.
37. Which are the two subclasses under Exception
class?
The Exception class has two main subclasses :
IOException class and RuntimeException Class.
38. When throws keyword is used?
If a method does not handle a checked exception, the
method must declare it using the throwskeyword. The
throws keyword appears at the end of a method's
signature.
39. When throw keyword is used?
An exception can be thrown, either a newly instantiated
one or an exception that you just caught, by using throw
keyword.
40. How finally used under Exception Handling?
The finally keyword is used to create a block of code
that follows a try block. A finally block of code always
executes, whether or not an exception has occurred.
41. What things should be kept in mind while
creating your own exceptions in Java?
While creating your own exception
All exceptions must be a child of Throwable.
If you want to write a checked exception that is
automatically enforced by the Handle or Declare Rule,
you need to extend the Exception class.
You want to write a runtime exception, you need to
extend the RuntimeException class.
42. Define Inheritance?
It is the process where one object acquires the properties
of another. With the use of inheritance the information is
made manageable in a hierarchical order.
43. When super keyword is used?
If the method overrides one of its superclass's methods,
overridden method can be invoked through the use of
the keyword super. It can be also used to refer to a
hidden field.
44. What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many
forms. The most common use of polymorphism in OOP
occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a
child class object.
45. What is Abstraction?
It refers to the ability to make a class abstract in OOP. It
helps to reduce the complexity and also improves the
maintainability of the system.
46. What is Abstract class?
These classes cannot be instantiated and are either
partially implemented or not at all implemented. This
class contains one or more abstract methods which are
simply method declarations without a body.
47. When Abstract methods are used?
If you want a class to contain a particular method but
you want the actual implementation of that method to be
determined by child classes, you can declare the method
in the parent class as abstract.
48. What is Encapsulation?

It is the technique of making the fields in a class private

and providing access to the fields via public methods. If
a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by
anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within
the class. Therefore encapsulation is also referred to as
data hiding.
49. What is the primary benefit of Encapsulation?
The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to
modify our implemented code without breaking the code
of others who use our code. With this Encapsulation
gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our
code.
50. What is an Interface?
An interface is a collection of abstract methods. A class
implements an interface, thereby inheriting the abstract
methods of the interface.
51. Give some features of Interface?
It includes
Interface cannot be instantiated
An interface does not contain any constructors.
All of the methods in an interface are abstract.
52. Define Packages in Java?
A Package can be defined as a grouping of related
types(classes, interfaces, enumerations and annotations )
providing access protection and name space
management.
53. Why Packages are used?
Packages are used in Java in-order to prevent naming
conflicts, to control access, to make searching/locating
and usage of classes, interfaces, enumerations and
annotations, etc., easier.
54. What do you mean by Multithreaded program?
A multithreaded program contains two or more parts
that can run concurrently. Each part of such a program is
called a thread, and each thread defines a separate path
of execution.
55. What are the two ways in which Thread can be
created?
Thread can be created by: implementing Runnable
interface, extending the Thread class.
56. What is an applet?
An applet is a Java program that runs in a Web browser.
An applet can be a fully functional Java application
because it has the entire Java API at its disposal.
57. An applet extend which class?
An applet extends java.applet.Applet class.
58. Explain garbage collection in Java?
It uses garbage collection to free the memory. By
cleaning those objects that is no longer reference by any
of the program.
59. Define immutable object?
An immutable object cant be changed once it is created.
60. Explain the usage of this() with constructors?
It is used with variables or methods and used to call
constructer of same class.
61. Explain Set Interface?
It is a collection of element which cannot contain
duplicate elements. The Set interface contains only
methods inherited from Collection and adds the
restriction that duplicate elements are prohibited.
62. Explain TreeSet?

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It is a Set implemented when we want elements in a

sorted order.
What is Comparable Interface?
It is used to sort collections and arrays of objects using
the collections.sort() and java.utils. The objects of the
class implementing the Comparable interface can be
ordered.
Difference between throw and throws?
It includes:
Throw is used to trigger an exception where as
throws is used in declaration of exception.
Without throws, Checked exception cannot be
handled where as checked exception can be
propagated with throws.
Explain the following line used under Java
Program
public static void main (String args[ ])
The following shows the explanation
individually
public it is the access specifier.
static it allows main() to be called without
instantiating a particular instance of a class.
void it affirns the compiler that no value is
returned by main().
main() this method is called at the beginning
of a Java program.
String args[ ] args parameter is an instance
array of class String
Define JRE i.e. Java Runtime Environment?
Java Runtime Environment is an implementation of the
Java Virtual Machine which executes Java programs. It
provides the minimum requirements for executing a
Java application;
What is JAR file?
JAR files is Java Archive fles and it aggregates many
files into one. It holds Java classes in a library. JAR files
are built on ZIP file format and have .jar file extension.
What is a WAR file?
This is Web Archive File and used to store XML, java
classes, and JavaServer pages. which is used to
distribute a collection of JavaServer Pages, Java
Servlets, Java classes, XML files, static Web pages etc.
Define JIT compiler?
It improves the runtime performance of computer
programs based on bytecode.
What is the difference between object oriented
programming language and object based
programming language?
Object based programming languages follow all the
features of OOPs except Inheritance. JavaScript is an
example of object based programming languages.
What is the purpose of default constructor?
The java compiler creates a default constructor only if
there is no constructor in the class.
Can a constructor be made final?
No, this is not possible.
What is static block?
It is used to initialize the static data member, It is
excuted before main method at the time of classloading.
Define composition?
Holding the reference of the other class within some
other class is known as composition.

75. What is function overloading?

If a class has multiple functions by same name but
different parameters, it is known as Method
Overloading.
76. What is function overriding?
If a subclass provides a specific implementation of a
method that is already provided by its parent class, it is
known as Method Overriding.
77. Difference between Overloading and
Overriding?
Method overloading increases the readability of the
program. Method overriding provides the specific
implementation of the method that is already provided
by its super class parameter must be different in case of
overloading, parameter must be same in case of
overriding.
78. What is final class?
Final classes are created so the methods implemented by
that class cannot be overridden. It cant be inherited.
79. What is NullPointerException?
A NullPointerException is thrown when calling the
instance method of a null object, accessing or modifying
the field of a null object etc.
80. What are the ways in which a thread can enter
the waiting state?
A thread can enter the waiting state by invoking its
sleep() method, by blocking on IO, by unsuccessfully
attempting to acquire an object's lock, or by invoking an
object's wait() method. It can also enter the waiting state
by invoking its (deprecated) suspend() method.
81. How does multi-threading take place on a
computer with a single CPU?
The operating system's task scheduler allocates
execution time to multiple tasks. By quickly switching
between executing tasks, it creates the impression that
tasks execute sequentially.
82. What invokes a thread's run() method?
After a thread is started, via its start() method of the
Thread class, the JVM invokes the thread's run() method
when the thread is initially executed.
83. Does it matter in what order catch statements
for FileNotFoundException and IOException are
written?
Yes, it does. The FileNoFoundException is inherited
from the IOException. Exception's subclasses have to be
caught first.
84. What is the difference between yielding and
sleeping?
When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the
ready state. When a task invokes its sleep() method, it
returns to the waiting state.
85. Why Vector class is used?
The Vector class provides the capability to implement a
growable array of objects. Vector proves to be very
useful if you don't know the size of the array in advance,
or you just need one that can change sizes over the
lifetime of a program.
86. How many bits are used to represent Unicode,
ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?
Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits.
Although the ASCII character set uses only 7 bits, it is
usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents

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characters using 8, 16, and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses

16-bit and larger bit patterns.
What are Wrapper classes?
These are classes that allow primitive types to be
accessed as objects. Example: Integer, Character,
Double, Boolean etc.
What is the difference between a Window and a
Frame?
The Frame class extends Window to define a main
application window that can have a menu bar.
Which package has light weight components?
javax.Swing package. All components in Swing, except
JApplet, JDialog, JFrame and JWindow are lightweight
components.
What is the difference between the paint() and
repaint() methods?
The paint() method supports painting via a Graphics
object. The repaint() method is used to cause paint() to
be invoked by the AWT painting thread.
What is the purpose of File class?
It is used to create objects that provide access to the files
and directories of a local file system.
What is the difference between the
Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the
InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?
The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented,
and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is
byte-oriented.
Which class should you use to obtain design
information about an object?
The Class class is used to obtain information about an
object's design and java.lang.Class class instance
represent classes, interfaces in a running Java
application.
What is the difference between static and nonstatic variables?
A static variable is associated with the class as a whole
rather than with specific instances of a class. Non-static
variables take on unique values with each object
instance.
What is Serialization and deserialization?
Serialization is the process of writing the state of an
object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the process of
restoring these objects.
What are use cases?
It is part of the analysis of a program and describes a
situation that a program might encounter and what
behavior the program should exhibit in that
circumstance.
Explain the use of sublass in a Java program?
Sub class inherits all the public and protected methods
and the implementation. It also inherits all the default
modifier methods and their implementation.
How to add menushortcut to menu item?
If there is a button instance called b1, you may add
menu short cut by calling b1.setMnemonic('F'), so the
user may be able to use Alt+F to click the button.
Can you write a Java class that could be used
both as an applet as well as an application?
Yes, just add a main() method to the applet.
What is the difference between Swing and AWT
components?

AWT components are heavy-weight, whereas Swing

components are lightweight. Heavy weight components
depend on the local windowing toolkit. For example,
java.awt.Button is a heavy weight component, when it is
running on the Java platform for Unix platform, it maps
to a real Motif button.
100.
What's the difference between constructors
and other methods?
Constructors must have the same name as the class and
can not return a value. They are only called once while
regular methods could be called many times.
101.
Is there any limitation of using Inheritance?
Yes, since inheritance inherits everything from the super
class and interface, it may make the subclass too
clustering and sometimes error-prone when dynamic
overriding or dynamic overloading in some situation.
102.
When is the ArrayStoreException thrown?
When copying elements between different arrays, if the
source or destination arguments are not arrays or their
types are not compatible, an ArrayStoreException will
be thrown.
103.
Can you call one constructor from another
if a class has multiple constructors?
104.
Yes, use this() syntax.
105.
What's the difference between the methods
sleep() and wait()?
The code sleep(2000); puts thread aside for exactly two
seconds. The code wait(2000), causes a wait of up to
two second. A thread could stop waiting earlier if it
receives the notify() or notifyAll() call. The method
wait() is defined in the class Object and the method
sleep() is defined in the class Thread.
106.
When ArithmeticException is thrown?
The ArithmeticException is thrown when integer is
divided by zero or taking the remainder of a number by
zero. It is never thrown in floating-point operations.
107.
What is a transient variable?
A transient variable is a variable that may not be
serialized during Serialization and which is initialized
by its default value during de-serialization,
108.
What is synchronization?
Synchronization is the capability to control the access of
multiple threads to shared resources. synchronized
keyword in java provides locking which ensures mutual
exclusive access of shared resource and prevent data
race.
109.
What is the Collections API?
The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces
that support operations on collections of objects.
110.
Does garbage collection guarantee that a
program will not run out of memory?
Garbage collection does not guarantee that a program
will not run out of memory. It is possible for programs
to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage
collected. It is also possible for programs to create
objects that are not subject to garbage collection.
111.
The immediate superclass of the Applet
class?
Panel is the immediate superclass. A panel provides
space in which an application can attach any other
component, including other panels.
112.
Which Java operator is right associative?
The = operator is right associative.

113.
What is the difference between a break
statement and a continue statement?
A break statement results in the termination of the
statement to which it applies (switch, for, do, or while).
A continue statement is used to end the current loop
iteration and return control to the loop statement.
114.
If a variable is declared as private, where
may the variable be accessed?
A private variable may only be accessed within the class
in which it is declared.
115.
What is the purpose of the System class?
The purpose of the System class is to provide access to
system resources.
116.
List primitive Java types?
The eight primitive types are byte, char, short, int, long,
float, double, and boolean.
117.
What is the relationship between clipping
and repainting under AWT?
When a window is repainted by the AWT painting
thread, it sets the clipping regions to the area of the
window that requires repainting.
118.
Which class is the immediate superclass of
the Container class?
Component class is the immediate super class.
119.
What class of exceptions are generated by
the Java run-time system?
The Java runtime system generates RuntimeException
and Error exceptions.
120.
Under what conditions is an object's
finalize() method invoked by the garbage
collector?
The garbage collector invokes an object's finalize()
method when it detects that the object has become
unreachable.
121.
How can a dead thread be restarted?
A dead thread cannot be restarted.
122.
Which arithmetic operations can result in
the throwing of an ArithmeticException?
Integer / and % can result in the throwing of an
ArithmeticException.
123.
Variable of the boolean type is
automatically initialized as?
The default value of the boolean type is false.
124.
Can try statements be nested?
Yes
125.
What are ClassLoaders?
A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading
classes. The class ClassLoader is an abstract class.
126.
What is the difference between an Interface
and an Abstract class?
An abstract class can have instance methods that
implement a default behavior. An Interface can only
declare constants and instance methods, but cannot
implement default behavior and all methods are
implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members
and no implementation.
127.
What will happen if static modifier is
removed from the signature of the main method?
Program throws "NoSuchMethodError" error at runtime.
128.
What is the default value of an object
reference declared as an instance variable?
Null, unless it is defined explicitly.

129.
Can a top level class be private or
protected?
No, a top level class can not be private or protected. It
can have either "public" or no modifier.
130.
Why do we need wrapper classes?
We can pass them around as method parameters where a
method expects an object. It also provides utility
methods.
131.
What is the difference between error and an
exception?
An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at
runtime. Such as OutOfMemory error. Exceptions are
conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g.
FileNotFoundException will be thrown if the specified
file does not exist.
132.
Is it necessary that each try block must be
followed by a catch block?
It is not necessary that each try block must be followed
by a catch block. It should be followed by either a catch
block or a finally block.
133.
When a thread is created and started, what
is its initial state?
A thread is in the ready state as initial state after it has
been created and started.
134.
What is the Locale class?
The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the
conventions of a particular geographic, political, or
cultural region.
135.
What are synchronized methods and
synchronized statements?
Synchronized methods are methods that are used to
control access to an object. A synchronized statement
can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock
for the object or class referenced in the synchronized
statement.
136.
What is runtime polymorphism or dynamic
method dispatch?
Runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch is a
process in which a call to an overridden method is
resolved at runtime rather than at compile-time. In this
process, an overridden method is called through the
reference variable of a superclass.
137.
What is Dynamic Binding(late binding)?
Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the
code to be executed in response to the call. Dynamic
binding means that the code associated with a given
procedure call is not known until the time of the call at
run-time.
138.
Can constructor be inherited?
No, constructor cannot be inherited.
139.
What are the advantages of ArrayList over
arrays?
ArrayList can grow dynamically and provides more
powerful insertion and search mechanisms than arrays.
140.
Why deletion in LinkedList is fast than
ArrayList?
Deletion in linked list is fast because it involves only
updating the next pointer in the node before the deleted
node and updating the previous pointer in the node after
the deleted node.
141.
How do you decide when to use ArrayList
and LinkedList?

If you need to frequently add and remove elements from

the middle of the list and only access the list elements
sequentially, then LinkedList should be used. If you
need to support random access, without inserting or
removing elements from any place other than the end,
then ArrayList should be used.
142.
What is a Values Collection View ?
It is a collection returned by the values() method of the
Map Interface, It contains all the objects present as
values in the map.
143.
What is dot operator?
The dot operator(.) is used to access the instance
variables and methods of class objects.It is also used to
access classes and sub-packages from a package.
144.
Where and how can you use a private
constructor?
Private constructor is used if you do not want other
classes to instantiate the object and to prevent
subclassing.T
145.
What is type casting?
Type casting means treating a variable of one type as
though it is another type.
146.
Describe life cycle of thread?
A thread is a execution in a program. The life cycle of a
thread include
Newborn state
Runnable state
Running state
Blocked state
Dead state
147.
What is the difference between the >> and
>>> operators?
The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right.
The >>> zero-fills bits that have been shifted out.
148.
Which method of the Component class is
used to set the position and size of a component?
setBounds() method is used for this purpose.
149.
What is the range of the short type?
The range of the short type is -(2^15) to 2^15 - 1.
150.
What is the immediate superclass of Menu?
MenuItem class
151.
Does Java allow Default Arguments?
No, Java does not allow Default Arguments.
152.
Which number is denoted by leading zero in
java?
Octal Numbers are denoted by leading zero in java,
example: 06
153.
Which number is denoted by leading 0x or
0X in java?
Hexadecimal Numbers are denoted by leading 0x or 0X
in java, example 0XF
154.
Break statement can be used as labels in
Java?
Yes, an example can be break one;
155.
Where import statement is used in a Java
program?
Import statement is allowed at the beginning of the
program file after package statement.
156.
Explain suspend() method under Thread
class>
It is used to pause or temporarily stop the execution of
the thread.

157.
Explain isAlive() method under Thread
class?
It is used to find out whether a thread is still running or
not.
158.
What is currentThread()?
It is a public static method used to obtain a reference to
the current thread.
159.
Explain main thread under Thread class
execution?
The main thread is created automatically and it begins to
execute immediately when a program starts. It ia thread
from which all other child threads originate.
160.
Life cycle of an applet includes which steps?
Life cycle involves the following steps
Initialization
Starting
Stopping
Destroying
Painting
161.
Why is the role of init() method under
applets?
It initializes the applet and is the first method to be
called.
162.
Which method is called by Applet class to
load an image?
getImage(URL object, filename) is used for this
purpose.
163.
Define code as an attribute of Applet?
It is used to specify the name of the applet class.
164.
Define canvas?
It is a simple drawing surface which are used for
painting images or to perform other graphical
operations.
165.
Define Network Programming?
It refers to writing programs that execute across multiple
devices (computers), in which the devices are all
connected to each other using a network.
166.
What is a Socket?
Sockets provide the communication mechanism between
two computers using TCP. A client program creates a
socket on its end of the communication and attempts to
connect that socket to a server.
167.
Advantages of Java Sockets?
Sockets are flexible and sufficient. Efficient socket
based programming can be easily implemented for
general communications. It cause low network traffic.
168.
Disadvantages of Java Sockets?
Socket based communications allows only to send
packets of raw data between applications. Both the
client-side and server-side have to provide mechanisms
to make the data useful in any way.
169.
Which class is used by server applications to
obtain a port and listen for client requests?
java.net.ServerSocket class is used by server
applications to obtain a port and listen for client requests
170.
Which class represents the socket that both
the client and server use to communicate with
each other?
java.net.Socket class represents the socket that both the
client and server use to communicate with each other.
171.
Why Generics are used in Java?

Generics provide compile-time type safety that allows

programmers to catch invalid types at compile time.
Java Generic methods and generic classes enable
programmers to specify, with a single method
declaration, a set of related methods or, with a single
class declaration, a set of related types.
172.
What environment variables do I need to set
on my machine in order to be able to run Java
programs?
CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.
173.
Is there any need to import java.lang
package?
No, there is no need to import this package. It is by
default loaded internally by the JVM.
174.
What is Nested top-level class?
If a class is declared within a class and specify the static
modifier, the compiler treats the class just like any other
top-level class. Nested top-level class is an Inner class.
175.
What is Externalizable interface?
Externalizable is an interface which contains two
methods readExternal and writeExternal. These methods
give you a control over the serialization mechanism.
176.
If System.exit (0); is written at the end of
the try block, will the finally block still execute?
No in this case the finally block will not execute
because when you say System.exit (0); the control
immediately goes out of the program, and thus finally
never executes.
177.
What is daemon thread?
Daemon thread is a low priority thread, which runs
intermittently in the back ground doing the garbage
collection operation for the java runtime system.
178.
Which method is used to create the daemon
thread?
setDaemon method is used to create a daemon thread.
179.
Which method must be implemented by all
threads?
All tasks must implement the run() method
180.
What is the GregorianCalendar class?
The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional
Western calendars
181.
What is the SimpleTimeZone class?
The SimpleTimeZone class provides support for a
Gregorian calendar .
182.
What is the difference between the size and
capacity of a Vector?
The size is the number of elements actually stored in the
vector, while capacity is the maximum number of
elements it can store at a given instance of time.
183.
Can a vector contain heterogenous objects?
Yes a Vector can contain heterogenous objects. Because
a Vector stores everything in terms of Object.
184.
What is an enumeration?
An enumeration is an interface containing methods for
accessing the underlying data structure from which the
enumeration is obtained. It allows sequential access to
all the elements stored in the collection.
185.
What is difference between Path and
Classpath?
Path and Classpath are operating system level
environment variales. Path is defines where the system
can find the executables(.exe) files and classpath is used
to specify the location of .class files.

186.
Can a class declared as private be accessed
outside it's package?
No, it's not possible to accessed outside it's package.
187.
What are the restriction imposed on a static
method or a static block of code?
A static method should not refer to instance variables
without creating an instance and cannot use "this"
operator to refer the instance.
188.
Can an Interface extend another Interface?
Yes an Interface can inherit another Interface, for that
matter an Interface can extend more than one Interface.
189.
Which object oriented Concept is achieved
by using overloading and overriding?
Polymorphism
190.
What is an object's lock and which object's
have locks?
An object's lock is a mechanism that is used by multiple
threads to obtain synchronized access to the object. A
thread may execute a synchronized method of an object
only after it has acquired the object's lock.
191.
What is Downcasting?
It is the casting from a general to a more specific type,
i.e. casting down the hierarchy.
192.
What are order of precedence and
associativity and how are they used?
Order of precedence determines the order in which
operators are evaluated in expressions. Associatity
determines whether an expression is evaluated left-toright or right-to-left.
193.
If a method is declared as protected, where
may the method be accessed?
A protected method may only be accessed by classes or
interfaces of the same package or by subclasses of the
class in which it is declared.

194.
What is the difference between inner class
and nested class?
When a class is defined within a scope of another class,
then it becomes inner class. If the access modifier of the
inner class is static, then it becomes nested class.
195.
What restrictions are placed on method
overriding?
Overridden methods must have the same name,
argument list, and return type. The overriding method
may not limit the access of the method it overrides.
196.
What is constructor chaining and how is it
achieved in Java?
A child object constructor always first needs to construct
its parent. In Java it is done via an implicit call to the
no-args constructor as the first statement.
197.
Can a double value be cast to a byte?
Yes, a double value can be cast to a byte.
198.
How does a try statement determine which
catch clause should be used to handle an
exception?
When an exception is thrown within the body of a try
statement, the catch clauses of the try statement are
examined in the order in which they appear. The first
catch clause that is capable of handling the exception is
executed. The remaining catch clauses are ignored.
199. What will be the default values of all the
elements of an array defined as an instance
variable?
If the array is an array of primitive types, then all the
elements of the array will be initialized to the default
value corresponding to that primitive type.