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Understanding Shariah: Principles and Sources

Shariah is the way that guides one's life according to Islamic principles as derived from the Quran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It encompasses legal, moral and religious aspects of life. The primary sources of Shariah are the Quran, which contains directives from God, and the Sunnah, which are the sayings and practices of the Prophet. Ijma, or scholarly consensus, as well as qiyas, using analogy and deductive reasoning, help determine rulings for issues not directly addressed in the primary sources. Minor sources like ijtihad allow Islamic law to adapt to new situations and istihan uses discretion to avoid unfairness from a strict reading.

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249 views2 pages

Understanding Shariah: Principles and Sources

Shariah is the way that guides one's life according to Islamic principles as derived from the Quran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It encompasses legal, moral and religious aspects of life. The primary sources of Shariah are the Quran, which contains directives from God, and the Sunnah, which are the sayings and practices of the Prophet. Ijma, or scholarly consensus, as well as qiyas, using analogy and deductive reasoning, help determine rulings for issues not directly addressed in the primary sources. Minor sources like ijtihad allow Islamic law to adapt to new situations and istihan uses discretion to avoid unfairness from a strict reading.

Uploaded by

JieYee
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHARIAH

Definition

The way which directs mans life to the right path


The meaning of Shariah has been broaden over time to include legal regulations found
in al-Quran, prophetic sayings, conducts, rule and regulations, law, worship (ibadat),

ethics (Akhlaq)
It is the sum of Islamic teachings recorded in al-Quran as well as Sunnah.
Set of legal doctrine, doctrine of duties, code of obligation

Aqidah
Shariah

Ibadat

Politic

Muamalat

Economic

Fiqh
Akhlaq

Banking &
Finance

Social
Aqidah Faith and belief (Faith, belief in God, prophet, angels, worship in general)
Fiqh Jurisprudence (Practical legal ruling to cover life)
Akhlaq Ethics and morality (Behaviour, attitude and work ethics)
Ibadat Allah-man, rituals (Practicalities of worship to Allah)
Muamalat Framework for conduct in the context of relationship between man and man, and
man and Allah

Sources of Shariah

Quran
- Fundamental first source: authority by which other sources are founded
- Compilation of words of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad
- Directives relating individual conducts and principles relating to social and
cultural life
Sunnah
- Second source of Islamic Law

- Sayings, deeds and approval of the Prophet Muhammad


- Implementation and deliberation of Quran
- Through Sunnah, Quran is implemented and practised
Ijma
- To determine, to agree upon something
- The consensus of jurists in understanding, interpreting and applying the teachings
of Quran and Sunnah
- Agreement of qualified legal scholars in a given generation
- Infallible and unanimous
Qiyas
- Analogy
- Resorted to when there are problems about to which there is no specific provision
-

in the Quran or Sunnah.


Scholars derived law through analogical deduction on the basis of the provisions

in Quran and Sunnah on similar situation


Extend the original ruling to new case identify common cause between original
and new case

Minor Sources
Ijtihad
- Self-exertion intellectual exertion
- A source or methodology which gives Islamic Law its adaptability and capacity to
tackle all new issues
Istihan
- To deem something preferable in best of public interest
- A method of exercising personal opinion to avoid any rigidity and unfairness that
-

might result from literal application of law


To formulate a decision which sets aside an established anological reasonning for
a reason justifying such a departure and seeks to uphold a higher value in the

Shariah
- Equity in Islam ;)
Maslaha
- A ruling can be made if it is for the benefits of the public - to ease suffering of

public and prevent harm


Urf
- Customary practice of the community
- Requirements:
1. Must be common and recurrent
2. Must be a dominant practice
3. Must be existing at the time of transaction
4. Must not be in conflict with Al-Quran and Sunnah

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