Prepared by,
Md. Humayoun Kabir
BSc. in Civil Engineering
IU
Insert Your Data
Comp Strength of Concrete f'c
Yielding Strength of Steel
fy
3000
psi
60000
psi
10
in
Width of the Column: W
2.5
Load (p)
200
kip
For tied re. Col :
0.65
For Spiral Col. :
0.7
Steel ratio
8
0
WSD g
0.025
Amount of St. in WSD Method:
Clear Cover
CC
2.5
in
Capacity Finder
7
4.7
Area of the Column:
23
7.2
Area of steel for Rect. Or Square Col.
23
in2
2.5
in
1.86
in2
Radius for Circular Column:
Area of steel for Circular Column As
Capacity of the Column:
916.547 Kip USD
484.118 Kip WSD
Capacity of the Rectangular Column is:
Capacity of the Circular Column is
169.692 Kip USD
103.545 Kip WSD
Rect. Col: WSD:
Rect. Col: USD:
Calculation for Square Tied Column: (WSD)
We know,
P=.85Ag(.25f'c+fsg)
Where,
f,c =
fs
3000
=.40*fy
24000 psi
Let, g
0.025
Here, P
200 kip
200000 lb.
Ag:
174.29194 in2
175 in2
Breath:
13.201967 in
14 in
Dim. of Column:
14
Area of Column:
14
196 in2
So, Area of Steel:
0.01877 in2
So, g
0.019 in2
So, Ast
3.724
Spacing of Tie bar
Tie Design:
Spacing
S1
S2
S3
3
0.31
4.96 in
5.28 in
14 in
4.96 in
Rectangular Tied Column ( WSD)
Breath:
17.5 in
18 in
0.11
Area of the Column:
180 in2
So, The dimension of the column is:
10
So, g
So, Ast :
18
180 in2
0.0232162
0.024
4.32 in2
Spiral Column:
P= Ag [0.25f'c + fsg
Ag
148.14815 in2
so, r is
6.8868035 in
Final Ag
g
Ast
153.9384 in2
0.0228626
3.542 in2
( WSD )
Civil Engineering
IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
Result
10 in WSD
10 in USD
in
18 in WSD
10 in USD
2.5
Rectangular Column
No. of #
bar
0.31
No. of #
bar
0.11
Total Area of Steel :
mount of St. in WSD Method:
2.48 in2
0 in
2.48
8
0
in2
4.32 in2 Required
USD Method:
Amount of St. in WSD Method:
2.26 in2 Required
in WSD
in USD
Use:
Use:
in
ect. Col: WSD:
ect. Col: USD:
Amount of Steel in WSD Method:
Tie Design
use:
use:
#
#
3
3
bar @
bar @
10 in C/C
10 in C/C
Calculations
200
Factored Load: P
Kip
Calculation for Square Tied Column: (USD)
f'c
3 ksi
fy
60 ksi
We Know,
Pu=.80[0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
9.17
Ag
90.00009 in2
91 in2
Width:
9.539392 in
10 in
So, Area of Column A
Ast
100 in2
2.2561425 in2
2.26 in2
Rectangular Tied Column
(USD)
Breath:
9.1 in
So Dim. Of Column:
Area of Column A
10 in
10
10
100 in2
Total area of the column is:
Ast
2.2561425 in2
100 in2
2.26 in2
Spirally Tied Column ( USD )
We know,
For Spiral Column,
Pu= 0.85Ag[.85f'c(1-g)+fyg]
mn:
Ag
66.85721 in2
67 in2
Area of Column = r2
Radius : r
4.6180854 in
Ag
69.397944 in2
Area of Steel Ast:
4.7 in
70 in2
3.1095362 in2
( WSD )
78.54
149 in
7 in
154 in2
0.023
0.023
0.0228626
103545 lb
103.545 Kip
0.0236822
iculture and Technology
E-mail: [email protected]
Last update: 27-08-2013
14 in WSD
10 in USD
14 in WSD
10 in USD
in
Square Column
No. of #
bar
0.31
2.48 in2
No. of #
bar
0.11
0 in2
Total Area of Steel :
Amount of St. in WSD Method:
2.48 in2
3.73 in2 Required
USD Method:
2.26 in2 Required
Circular Column
No. of #
bar
0.6
3.6 in2
No. of #
bar
0.11
0 in2
Total Area of Steel :
teel in WSD Method:
3.6 in2
4.32 in2 Required
USD Method:
3.11 in2 Required
e Design
Square. Col: WSD:
Square. Col: USD :
use:
use:
#
#
3
3
bar @
bar @
10 in C/C
10 in C/C
Capacity Finder:
Area of Steel:
7.2
Area of the Column:
Load Capacity of the Column is:
in2
19.635
529 in2 (Rect.)
78.54 in2(Cir.)
916.5468 Kip (Rec.)
169.69154 Kip ( Cir.)
0.0675
circu rat
6.75
484117.50
484.1175 kip
529
7.2
Tie Design
0.0136106
3
10 in
18 in
10 in
10
10
18
10
10
USD g
3
10 in
18 in
14 in
10 in
18 in
10 in
0.03
10 in
10 in
If you put values in the main sheet of "Column Design" same as
Ultimately if it becomes Main sheet, that means " Column Desi
Check
f "Column Design" same as the given values of the pictures bellow then you will find all other content and va
that means " Column Design" = Check (1, 2) Then this sheet should work properly.
Check 01
Check 02
find all other content and values same as the main sheet.
Column: Columns are defined as members that carry loads chiefly in compression. Colum
member because compression force or stress dominates their behavior. Compression mem
Arch ribs
Rigid frame member
Compression member in trusses
Shells
Portion that carry axial compression
Fig: Arch
Types of column according to reinforcement used
1. Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties.
2. Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals.
3. Composite compression member reinforced with structural steel.
Type-3
Column may be divided into two broad categories:
Short column fail by crushing of concrete, lateral bucking need not to b
Long / Slender column fail by lateral bucking
According to loading condition column can be classified into following
Axially Loaded Column:
Pn= 0.85fc (Ag-Ast) + fyAst
According to ACI Code 10.3.6
For spirally reinforced column, with =0.70
For tied reinforced column, with =0.65
According to ACI Code 10.9.1 (Steel Ratio of column)
Reinforcement ratio is defined by, = As/Ag and the its range is 0
According to this minimum steel ration in column is 1% of gross con
To avoid congestion most column are designed with a ratio below 0
According to ACI Code 10.9.2 (Minimum no. of bar)
A minimum four longitudinal bar is required when the bar s a
A minimum six longitudinal bar is required when the bar s ar
According to ACI Code 7.10.5 (Design of tie)
All bars of tied columns shall be enclosed by lateral ties.
At least #3 (10 mm) tie for longitudinal bars up to #10(32 m
Spacing should not exceed 16 diameters of longitudinal bars
Every corner and alternative longitudinal bar shall have later
No bar shall be farther than 6 in. ( 150 mm) clear on either s
According to ACI 7.7.1(c)
Minimum clear cover for column member = 1.5
According to ACI 7.6.3
Clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than 1.5d
Why value of is lower for column than beam:
A beam failure would normally affect only a local region, where as a colu
The strength of axially loaded members depends strongly on the concret
Fig: Tie arrangement
Lateral Ties and Spiral
According to ACI code 10.9.3 (Minimum spiral reinforcement Ratio)
Spiral Reinforcement ratio
Spacing of spiral can be found by,
ACI 7.10.4: Spacing may not be less than 1 and may not be larger tha
Example 1
Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load of 400 K and a live
Solution:
1.
Column side =
2. Because larger section is adopted, the steel percentage may be reduced
11
Use fourteen no #8 bars (
3. Design of tie: choose # 3 bar. Spacing least of following
(1)
(2)
(3)
Use # 3 bar @ 15 in. c/c
Assignment:
Design a circular spiral column to support an axial dead load of 400 K and a liv
and a steel ratio of about 2.0%. Also, design the necessary spirals.
Compression plus Bending of Rectangular Column
Columns loaded with axial load and uniaxial moment is designed based on fact
Mn Mu
Pn Pu
Fig: Equivalent eccentricity of column load
Strain compatibility Analysis and Interaction Diagram
Figure: Column subjected
to eccentric compression.
(a) Loaded column;
(b) Strain distribution;
(c) Stresses and force at
nominal strength.
Equilibrium between external and internal axial forces shown in figure c
Taking moment about the centerline of the section
A column can be designed by solving the above two equations for a specific co
A better approach, providing the basis for practical design, is to construct a str
failure moment for a given column for the full range of eccentricities from zero
Pn
Figure: Interaction
diagram for nominal
column strength in
combined axial and
bending load.
Compression failure rang
e=
0
e small
Load path for
given e
e=
Design Aid: With a representative column design chart column can be designed
1.
a) Select trial cross section dimensions b and h
b) Calculate the ratio based on required cover distances to the bar centro
c) Calculate
and
d) From the graph, for the values found in (c), read the required reinforceme
e) Calculate the total steel area
2.
a. Select the reinforcement ratio
b. Choose a trial value of
and calculate
c. From the corresponding graph, read
d. Calculate
e. Revise the trial value of
if necessary to obtain a well-pro
f. Calculate the total steel area
Example 3 [example 8.3, Nilson 14th edition]
Selection of reinforcement for column of given size : In a three-story structure,
load of 222 kips, maximum live load of 297 kips, dead load moment of 136 ftload compatible with the full live load moment is 166 kips, obtained when no li
the second floor. Architectural considerations require that a rectangular colum
(a) Find the required column reinforcement for the condition that full live load a
(b) Check to ensure that the column is adequate for the condition of no live loa
Material strengths are
and
Solution:
(a) The column will be designed initially for full load, then checked for adequa
According to the ACI safety provisions, the column must be designed for a fact
a factored moment
the column perimeter will be used. Bar cover is estimated to be 2.5 in. from th
(assuming bending about the strong axis) are
and
as before. From Graph A.7 it is found that a reinforcement
less than that required in part (a), so no modification is required.
Selecting No. 3 (No. 10) ties for trial, the maximum tie spacing must not exceed,
20 in. Spacing is controlled by the diameter of the ties, and No. 3 (No. 10) ties
12 no # 9
Fig: Design Column Sectio
Example 4 [example 8.4, Nilson 13th edition]
Selection of column size for a given reinforcement ratio: A column is to be de
and factored moment
ft-kips. Material strengths
Cost studies for the particular location indicate that a reinforcement ratio
required dimensions b and h of the column. Bending will be about the strong a
concentrated in two layers, adjacent to the outer faces of the column and para
Solution:
It is convenient to select a trial column dimension h, perpendicular to the axis
and assuming a concrete cover of 2.5 in. to the bar centers, the parameter
the stated loads the eccentricity is
and
from the trial dimension
A column
will be used, for which the required steel area is
Eight No. 11 (No. 36) bars will be used, providing
8 no # 11
Fig: Design Column Section
Biaxial Bending: Interaction diagram of biaxially loaded column
Approximate method:
1. Load Contour Method
2. Reciprocal Load Method
Reciprocal Load Method
Where,
approximate value of nominal load in biaxial bending with eccentricities
nominal load when only eccentricity
nominal load when only eccentricity
nominal load for concentrically loaded column
Example 5 [example 8.5, Nilson 14th edition]
Design of column for biaxial bending: The column
shown b
with eight No. 9 (No. 29) bars arranged around the column perimeter, providing
A factored load
of 255 kips is to be applied with eccentricities
as shown. Material strengths are
and
the trial design using the reciprocal load method.
Solution:
By the reciprocal load method, first considering bending about the Y axis,
With the reinforcement ratio
Then the bending about the X axis,
Substituting these value in
From which
Thus, according to the Bresler method,
can be applied safely.
[In general biaxial bending should be taken into account when the estim
Column Design by USD Method
chiefly in compression. Columns are generally referred as compression
eir behavior. Compression member includes
Fig: Column
and lateral ties.
and continuous spirals.
ed with structural steel.
e, lateral bucking need not to be considered.
be classified into following categories:
Fig: Compression member in tru
Steel contribution
Concrete contribution
of column)
= As/Ag and the its range is 0.010.08
on in column is 1% of gross concrete area of column
e designed with a ratio below 0.04.
ar is required when the bar s are enclosed by spaced rectangular or circular ties.
r is required when the bar s are enclosed by a continuous spiral.
e enclosed by lateral ties.
gitudinal bars up to #10(32 mm) and at least #4 (12 mm) tie for #11,14, and 18(36,43,57 mm) and bundled l
diameters of longitudinal bars, 48 diameters of tie bars, nor the least dimension of column.
ongitudinal bar shall have lateral support by ties having a included angle not more than 135.
n. ( 150 mm) clear on either side from laterally supported bar.
mber = 1.5
bars shall not be less than 1.5db nor less than 1.5.
a local region, where as a column failure could result in the collapse of entire structure.
epends strongly on the concrete compressive strength whose quality control is very difficult in site.
ral reinforcement Ratio)
and may not be larger than 3
dead load of 400 K and a live lode of 210 K using fc = 5 Ksi, and fy = 60 Ksi, and a steel ratio of about 5%. D
el percentage may be reduced by using
15
st of following
14 no # 8
Fig: Design Column Section
al dead load of 400 K and a live load of 250 K using fc = 4 Ksi, fy = 60 Ksi,
necessary spirals.
ment is designed based on factored load, which must not exceed the design strength, i.e.
ty of column load
forces shown in figure c
two equations for a specific column section.
cal design, is to construct a strength interaction diagram defining failure load and
nge of eccentricities from zero to infinity.
Compression failure range
eb
Tension failure range
e large
Mn
n chart column can be designed easily. And this can de done by two methods
ver distances to the bar centroid, and select the corresponding column design chart.
where
, read the required reinforcement ratio
and
and calculate the required
necessary to obtain a well-proportioned section
ze : In a three-story structure, an exterior column is to be designed for a service dead
, dead load moment of 136 ft-kips, and live load moment of 194 ft-kips. The minimum live
s 166 kips, obtained when no live load is placed on the roof but a full live load is placed on
quire that a rectangular column be used, with dimensions b = 20 in. and h = 25 in.
he condition that full live load acts.
for the condition of no live load on the roof.
load, then checked for adequacy when live load is partially removed.
mn must be designed for a factored load
A column
is specified, and reinforcement distributed arou
estimated to be 2.5 in. from the column face to the steel centerline for each bar. The column parameters
is found that a reinforcement ratio of
ation is required.
is sufficient for this condition,
spacing must not exceed,
or
he ties, and No. 3 (No. 10) ties will be used at 18 in. spacing.
20
# 3 Tie @ 18 in c/c
22.5
Fig: Design Column Section
2.5
nt ratio: A column is to be designed to carry a factored load
Material strengths
and
are specified.
hat a reinforcement ratio
of about 0.03 is optimum. Find the
ding will be about the strong axis, and an arrangement of steel with bars
r faces of the column and parallel to the axis of bending, will be used.
n h, perpendicular to the axis of bending; a value of h = 25 in. will be selected,
bar centers, the parameter
Graph A. 11 of Appendix A applies. For
and
From Graph A. 11 with
from the trial dimension
the required column width is
h the required steel area is
, arranged in two layers of four bars each, similar to the sketch shown in Graph A.1
15
# 4 Tie @ 15 in c/c
22.5
g: Design Column Section
loaded column
2.5
xial bending with eccentricities
and
is present (
is present (
n
shown below is reinforced
he column perimeter, providing an area
.
ed with eccentricities
in. and ,
and
. Check Ihe adequacy of
g about the Y axis,
, and
, using the average of Graphs A.6 (
, and
) and A.7 (
Graph A.5 of the Appendix A gives
rding to the Bresler method, the design load of
lied safely.
into account when the estimated eccentricity ratio approaches or exceeds 0.2]
Fig: Rigid Frame
g: Compression member in trusses
8(36,43,57 mm) and bundled longitudinal bars must be used.
of column.
e than 135.
ry difficult in site.
and a steel ratio of about 5%. Design the necessary ties.
n Section
# 3 Tie @ 15 in c/c
12.5
2.5
mum live
kips and
reinforcement distributed around
The column parameters
the sketch shown in Graph A.11
),
This Microsoft Excel spread sheet will be able to Design
This three types of axially loaded short column can be d
the recent experience of the owner. If any one wants t
Md. Humayoun Kabir
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engin
E-mail: [email protected]
Cell: +88 01771123050
All short of con
Disclaimer
ad sheet will be able to Design rectangular, square and circular column both in USD and WSD method.
y loaded short column can be designed by this spread sheet. This sheet is following the ACI and BNBC code and
the owner. If any one wants to implement the result of this sheet in the practical field, it is their own liability.
Md. Humayoun Kabir
achelor of Science in Civil Engineering
mail: [email protected]
ell: +88 01771123050
IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology.
All short of constructive opinion is appreciated by the author.
SD and WSD method.
ng the ACI and BNBC code and it's prepared by
l field, it is their own liability.
