INDEFINITE INTEGRAL JS 7 SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE PAGE 331-332

4

32.

1 x 1
I
dx . On putting x 1 t , dx dt
8 x 1

4
1 t 4 4 C1t 3 .2 4 C2 .t 2 .22 4 C3t.23 4 C4 .24
1 t 2

dt
I
dt
8
t4
8
t4

1
8 24 32 16
1
24 32 16
1 2 3 4 dt t 8log t

C
8
t t
t
t
8
t 3t 2 5t 6
Put t x 1 and tally answer keeping in view the merging of constants.

37.

The regular method will be quiet cumber sum. Let us try some short cut.
3x 2 1 dx
dx
dx
3x 2 3 4

x 2 1 3 dx 3 x 2 1 4 x 2 1 2
Let
x2 1 3

On integrating by parts the first term keeping 1 as second function

3
1
dx
2
4
I 3
.
x

2
x

1
.2
x
.
xdx
2
3

x2 1

x2 1

3x

3x

3 x 2 dx

dx

dx 4

dx

3x

4I I C

sec 2 xdx
sin x
.sin 2 x
cos x

1
3 1
1 t2
dt t dt 2 log t C etc.
3
t
2t
t

dx
cos 2 x
1 2cos 2 x cos 4 x
sec 2 x 2 cos 2 x dx etc.

dx
cos 2 x
sec 6 xdx
sec6 x
I 6

dx
sec x cos3 x sin 3 x tan 3 x

5.

EXERCISE PAGE 340-341

3.

4.

sec 2 xdx
I
sec 2 x.cos x.sin 3 x

3x 2 1 1

Put cos x t
Put cos x t

1 cos x

1.
2.

Put tan x t
dt
I
t2
t.
1 t2

6.

sec 4 x.sec 2 xdx

1 t 2 dt
where tan x t

tan 3 x
t3
16dx
16 cos ec 4 2 xdx
I 4
sin 2 x
16 1 cot 2 2 x cos ec 2 2 x dx etc.

(To get answer given in the exercise we may multiply by sec8 x in numerator
and denominator)
7.
Put 1 cos x t
x
1 2sin 2
cos x
2 dx 1 cos ec 4 x dx 1 cos ec 2 x dx
8.
1 cos x 2 dx
x
4
2
2
2
4sin 4
2
1
x
x

1
x
1 cot 2 cos ec 2 dx 2cot
4
2
2
2
2
x
Now put cot t in the first integral.
2

9.
10.

Remove power.

cot xdx cot x cos ec x 1 dx

cot x cos ec xdx cot xdx etc.
Let I tan xdx logsec x
I tan xdx sec x 1 dx tan x x
I tan xdx tan x sec x 1 dx tan x sec
4

11.

xdx tan xdx

tan 2 x
log sec x
2

3
I 4 tan 4 xdx tan 2 x tan 2 xdx tan 2 x sec 2 x 1 dx tan x I 2
3
I 5 tan 5 xdx tan 3 x tan 2 xdx tan 3 x sec 2 x 1 dx

tan 3 x sec 2 xdx I 3

Note:- Indeed I n

tan x

tan x

I3

n 1

n 1

I n2

In the above question I 5 , I 4 , I 2 are not required.

14.

cos

x sin 4 x dx

cos

x sin 2 x

2sin 2 x cos 2 x

dx
cos 2 x sin 2 x
cos 2 x
2 sin 2 2 x
1
1 1 cos 2 2 x
sec 2 xdx
dx log sec 2 x tan 2 x
dx
4 cos 2 x
2
2
cos 2 x
1
1
1
log sec 2 x tan 2 x sec 2 xdx cos 2 xdx etc. Tally answer.
2
2
2

15.

sin x cos x

1 sin 2 x

After which multiply and divide by 1 sin 2x or put sin 2 x

16.

2 tan x
1 tan 2 x

Question basically belongs to first chapter, an additional method is to put

x
1 tan 2
2 ,cos x
sin x
2 x
1 tan
1 tan 2
2

x
2
x
2
First chapter method is to put a r cos , b r sin (constant replacements)
1
The integral will be sec x dx etc.
r
x
x
2 tan
1 tan 2
2 ,cos x
2
We can also put sin x
as in the last question
2 x
2 x
1 tan
1 tan
2
2
x
I
sec 2 xdx

1 tan 2 x
tan x.
tan x 1 tan 2 x
2
1

tan
x

dt
t
1

tan x t
dt (By trial)

2
2
t 1 t
t 1 t
1
log t log 1 t 2 C etc. Tally answer.
2
After cancelling cos x
cos xdx
dt
4t
1
I

dt (By hit and trial) (*)
2
sin x 4cos x 3
t 1 4t 2
t
1

4t 2

2 tan

17.

18.

19.

1
log t log 1 4t 2 C
2

log

ct
1 4t 2

(replacing C by log C )
1

(*) Otherwise we will do partial fractions of t 1 4t 2 which is lengthy.

dx

cos xdx
1 cos x sin x cos x sin x

dx
cos x sin x
2
cos x sin x

20.

1 tan x

21.

1
x log cos x sin x C
2
x
1 tan 2
2
Put cos x
22.
2 x
1 tan
2
dx
sin xdx
2I1 I 2
I 2

2 cos x
2 tan x

23.

Put sin x

2 tan

x
2

1 tan 2

x
2

x
2
I 2 is easily evaluated by putting cos x t . Put cos x
in I1 .
2 x
1 tan
2
sin 2 xdx
2
sin x cos x.sin x
I
1 cos x sin x sin x
1

dx
sin x
1
cos x sin x
2
cos x sin x
cos x
1
sin xdx
1
1
1

sin x cos x sin x dx
I1 I 2
2 cos x sin x 2
2
2
1 sin x cos x sin x cos x
x 1
dx log cos x sin x
Now I1
2
cos x sin x
2 2
1
1
cos 2 x x sin 2 x
I 2 sin 2 xdx cos 2 x dx

2
2
4
2
4
x 1
1
x sin 2 x
C
Hence I log cos x sin x cos 2 x
4 4
8
4
8
cos 2 x sin 2 x 1

log cos x sin x C

8
4
1 tan 2

24.

Tallying answer will be interesting.

The first term in given answer

cos x cos x sin x

4

1 cos 2 x sin 2 x
2cos x sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x sin 2 x

8
8
8
8
1
Now will be merged into C and two answers become same.
8

25.

dx

4
4 tan x
tan x

By putting tan x t
t

tan xdx
tan x 4 tan x 4
2

At B

tan xdx

tan x 2

t dt

1 t t 2
2

Let 1 t 2 t 2 2 1 t 2 t 2 2 t 2

t At B t 2 4t 4 C 1 t 2 D 1 t 2 t 2

On comparing coeff. of various powers of t

A D 0,4 A B C 2 D 0, 4 A 4 B D 1 , 4 B C 2 D 0
Put D A in last three equations we get
4 A B C 2 A 0, 4 A 4 B A 1 , 4 B C 2 A 0
We easily get 2 A B C 0,3 A 4 B 1, 4 B C 2 A 0
on subtracting first and third equations we get 4 A 3B 0
3
4
3
A , B ,
D ,
whence, with the help of 3 A 4 B 1,
25
25
25
4
32
10
3
tan 1 t
log 1 t 2
log 2 tan x C
Integral
25
25
25 t 2 25

10
25

2
2
Now put t tan x and note that log 1 tan x log sec x 2log sec x 2log cos x
wonderful tallying !!

26.

sec 2 dx

tan x 2sec x
2

By putting tan x t we get

dt

2t

t 1

dt
2
1
7
2 t
4
8

1
7

2 t z, 2dt dz , k 2 constant
4
8

dz
We get I 2 2 2 . See Next Chapter.
z k

Put

x
x
1 tan 2
x
2 ,cos x
2
tan t easily works.
Put sin x
then
substitution
x
x
2
1 tan 2
1 tan 2
2
2
sec 2 dx
I
Dividing by cos 2 x
4sec 2 x 3 5 tan 2 x
dt
Put tan x t to get I 4 1 t 2 3 5t 2 etc.
2 tan

27.
28.

29.

Divide by cos x

30.

By trial

1
1
1
1

etc.
4
2
1 sin x 2 1 sin x 1 sin 2 x

Exercise Page 366-369

3.
4.

Divide x2 by (a + bx)2
Q elog x x then integrand = x cos x + sin x cos x

5.

1 x
dx . Putting x = cos2 , dx = -2 sin cos d, we get
1 x

1 cos

I d
2sin cos d
2 tan
sin cos
d 4 sin 2 cos

1 cos
2
2
2 1 cos cos d 2 cos cos 2 d 2 cos d 1 cos 2 d
2 sin
6.

sin
c
2
1

sin
x cos
x
dx
1
1
sin
x cos
x

2 1 x cos 1 x x 1 x c

sin 1 x
2
dx
/2

sin 1 x

1
x dx
2sin

Now,

sin

xdx dd
sin

4
sin 1 xdx x c

(1)

, where x = sin2

cos 2
1

1
cos 2 d cos 2 sin 2
2
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
1 2sin 2 sin 1 sin 2 sin 1 x 1 2 x
x 1 x
2
2
2
2

From (1) and (2), we get

7.

4 1
1
2

1
x
x x 2 x c
1 2 x sin
2
2

cos 2 x
cos 2 x sin 2 x
dx
dx cot 2 x 1dx
2
sin x
sin x

.(2)

x x 2 1 2 x sin 1 x x c

We can get rid of square root sign, by putting cot x = cosec . Since the
differential coefficient of cot x i.e., -cosec 2 x will be a rational function of cosec
. Indeed on putting cot x = cosec , we get cosec2 x dx = -cosec cot d

cos ec cot d
cos ec cot d

2
2
1 cot x
1 cos ec

dx

cos ec cot 2
d
Integral =
1 cos ec2

where I

1 sin d

sin 1 sin
2

cos 2 d

sin 1 sin 2

1
d
sin d
sin
sin d

d
2
2
2
1 sin
1 sin 2
sin 1 sin
sin 1 sin

1
sin d
d 2
log tan / 2 2 I
sin
1 sin 2

sin d
dt

2 t2

1 sin

(where t = cos )

1
2 2

log

2 cos
2 cos

Thus answer to the original question

log tan / 2

1
2 cos
log
C where cosec = cot x
2
2 cos

Note: The answer can be expressed in terms of x also. Indeed cosec = cot x

9.

cos 1 sin 2 1 tan 2 x and tan / 2

sin
tan x

1 cos 1 1 tan 2 x

cos sin
d

cos sin

I cos 2 ln

cos sin
as first function
cos sin

On integrating by parts taking ln

sin 2 cos sin

1 d cos sin
Id

ln
ln
sin 2
2
2 d cos sin
cos sin

.(1)

d cos
sin
2
ln

d cos sin
cos 2
1
1
2
cos sin
Thus I sin 2 ln
sin 2d
2
2
cos 2
cos sin
1
cos sin
sin 2 ln
1/ 2ln cos 2 c
2
cos sin

x3 1
x 1 dx 1 1 1 x dx
dx

x3 x x x 2 1
1 x2 x x2 1

Now note that

12.

1
2
I tan 1 x ln x ln 1 x C
2

14.

x 2 dx

3x 3

x 1

on putting x 1 t 2 then dx 2tdt and x t 2 1

1

1
1 2 dt
1 t 2 dt

t 1 dt

t
2

2
2
2
2 4 2
2
2
1
t
1

t t 1
t2 1 2
t

t
t

dz
2
z
1

tan 1
C
On putting t z we get I 2 2
z 3
3
3
t
1
2
x
t
2

tan 1
C
t C

tan 1
3
3 x 1
3
3

t 1 2tdt
I
t 1 3 t 1 3

Tallying answer will be a great challenge !

2
x
3 x 1
2
tan 1

cot 1
(Assuming x 0)
3
3 x 1
x
3
3 x 1
2

3 x 1
2
1

tan

tan 1
.
will be merge with C
x
3 2
3
x
3
3

Indeed

Note:- Try to get answer given directly.

15.

sec3 x
dx
2sin x cos x

sec x sec 2 xdx

1
sec 2 xdx
12
32
2 sin x cos x

2 sin x

1
2

12

cos x

12

sec 2 xdx
tan x .cos 2 x

1 sec 2 x.sec 2 x
dx
2
tan x

Now put tan x t 2 etc.

16. Put cot x t , 18. Put x 1 t 3 , 19. Put x t 4 , 20. Put e x 1 t 2 , 21. Put x sin
22.

Change sin x,cos x to tan

x
2

23.

dx
sec 2 xdx

sin 2 x tan 2 x tan 2 x tan 2 x.sec 2 x

(on multiplying by sec2 x in nominator and

denominator)

on putting tan x t
I

dt

t t 1 t
2

dt
t 2t 2

1 1 1
t

tan 1

2 t
2
2
Put x cos

dt

t t 2
2

1 1
1
2 dt

2 t
t 2

1
1
tan x
cot x
tan 1
C
2
2 2
2

24.

12

26.

27.
28.

1 x
I tan
dx Putting x cos
1 x

1
1

I tan 1 tan sin d sin d cos cos d

2
2
2

1
1
1
1
cos sin C
x cos 1 x
1 x2 C
2
2
2
2
1
sin
x
dx
Correction The correct question is
1 x
I 1 tan x tan x dx (correction)
1

tan x tan x
tan

Q 1 tan A tan B

dx

cot tan x tan x dx etc.

30.

tan A tan B

tan A B

dx

3 4sin x

2
dP sin x 3 4sin x 4cos x
cos x

Take P
then dx
2
3 4sin x
3 4sin x

3sin x

3 4sin x

3 4sin x

dx

31.

3 4sin x

3
1
1
9
.
4
4 3 4sin x 4 3 4sin x 2
1

2
Thus dx 4 . 3 4sin x 4
3 4sin x

3 4sin x

3sin x 4

3
4sin x
4

2
2
4 3 4sin x
3 4sin x

3 3 4sin x 3
4
.

2
2
4 3 4sin x
3 4sin x
dP

3
dx
7
I

4 3 4sin x 4

is easily evaluated. Thus I can be found.

sec xdx
sin 2 x cos cos 2 x sin sin

sec xdx
2 tan x
1 tan 2 x
cos

sin sin
sec 2 x
sec 2 x

sec 2 xdx

2 tan x cos 1 tan 2 x sin sec 2 x sin

. Now put tan x t .

1 cos 2 x
then integrate by parts
2
33.
Put x t 3 then integrate by parts.
1 cos 2 x
ax
cos 2 x
34.
then standard integral e cos bxdx .
2
x
35-38 Questions are of the type e f ( x) f x dx

32.

sin 2 x

39.

I sin 3 2 x cos 5 2 xdx

40.

m n 2 negative even integer. Put tan x t

Write 2sin x 3cos x 3sin x 4cos x 3cos x 4sin x
Find and by comparing coeffs. of sin x and cos x after which answer is

x log 3sin x 4cos x

41.

1 x
Here I
1 x

1/ 2

dx

Let, x = cos 2

dx = -2 cos sin d

1/ 2

2cos sin
1 cos
d

cos 2
1 cos
sin / 2 2sin
2sin / 2.2sin / 2sin / 2

d
d
cos / 2 cos
cos / 2cos
2sin 2
1 cos

d 2
d
cos
cos
= 2 1 sec d 2 log sec tan c

1
1
I 2 cos 1 x log

1 c
x
x

1
x log 1 1 x
or I 2 cos

42.

I xe

sin x

x c

1
log
2

cos xdx esin x tan x sec xdx I1 I 2

I1 xesin x cos xdx

x.esin x 1.esin x dx

(Integrating by parts taking x as first function)

I 2 esin x tan x sec xdx esin x sec x esin x cos x sec xdx esin x sec x esin x dx
I esin x x sec x C

43.

x
=

x 2 3x 2
1

x 1
x x 2 1
2 x 1

2
2
x 2 1 x 1 x2 1 x 1

x 1

x3 2 x x 2
2

x x 2 1 2 x 1

x 1

x
2

x 1 x 1 x2 1 2

x
Ax B
C
2

x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1

Let

x Ax B x 1 C x 2 1

Putting x = -1, we get -1 = 2C C = -1/2

Equating coefficient of x2 we get 0 = A + C
B = -C =
Putting x = 0, we get 0 = B + C
A = -C =
Thus

x3 3x 2
2

sec 2 d

tan

x 1

x 1
1
2

2
2
2 x 1 2 x 1 x 2 1

x 3 3x 2

x 2 1

x 1

dx

1 dx 1 x 1
dx
1
1
1
2
2 dx 2
2 log x 1
log
x

tan 1 x 2 J

2
2 x 1 2 x 1
x

1
2
4
2

where J

Jd

dx

x 2 1

. Let x = tan so that dx = sec2 d

cos 2

1
1
1
1
1
tan
1
1
x
tan 1 x
1 cos 2 d sin 2

2
2
2
2
2
2 1 tan 2
2 1 x2

1
2

1
3
x
log x 2 1 tan 1 x 2
c
4
2
x 1
sin x
Rationalize to covert the integral to
. Open sin x and split in two
sin 2 x sin 2
integrals.
Therefore, I log x 1

45.

47.

48.

dx

sin x cos x

dx

2 sin x
4

3 2 cos ec 3 x dt . Now find cos ec 3tdt by reduction.

2
4

dx

x
x
dx
8 tan
6 tan
I
2
2
4sin x 3tan x
x
x
1 tan 2
1 tan 2
2
2

2 x
2 x
2 x
2 x
1 tan 2 sec 2 dx
1 tan 2 sec 2 dx

x
x
x
x
x

tan 8 1 tan 2 6 1 tan 2

tan 14 2 tan 2
2
2
2
2
2

10

1 t2
x
I

Put tan t we get

t 7 t 2 dt etc.
2

50.

tdt
tan xdx
I
tan
x

t
.
Put
we
get
1 t t2 1 t2
1 tan x tan 2 x
t
At B Ct D

Let
etc.
2
1 t t
1 t t2 1 t2
I

This will be too lengthy. An easier method could be to convert tan x into sin x and cos x
to get I

51.

sin x cos xdx

1 sin x cos x

1
sin 2 x
2
dx
1
1 sin 2 x
2
dx
x
tan x
1
1 tan 2 x
dx
I
x x2 x 1

dx

dx
1
1 sin 2 x
2

sec 2 xdx
etc.
1 tan 2 x tan x

Put x x 2 x 1 t then x t x 2 x 1 . On squaring we get x 2 t 2 2tx x 2 x 1

52.

t2 1
x
2t 1

2t 2 2t 2

2t 1

dx
cos x 1 sin x
2

dt.

2
dt 2t 2t 1 2 t 1

2
dx
2t 1

1
t

2t 2 2t 2
t 2t 1

2t 2 2t 2

2t 1

dt. We can now do partial fractions.

cos xdx
cos x 1 sin 2 x
2

On putting sin x = tan , cos x dx = sec2 d

sec 2 d
sec d
cos d
cos d

2
2
1 tan sec 1 tan cos 2 1 2sin 2 etc.
2

54.
55.

1 2 x
Put cos 2x = t. Note that cos x
.
2
dt
Put
tan x = t, dx
1 t2
dt
1
dt
dt
I
2
3 2
2
2
1 t t
t t t

t t t 1 etc.
t

2
1 t
4

56.

Put

tan x 2 tan

58.

Put

x1/3

= cos

(Or x = cos3 )

11

59.

Integrand

60.

x x 3 1

x 2 dx
1 x4

Now I1

1 x4

1/ 3

x3

x 4 x 3 1

Put x-3 1 = t3

1/ 3

1 1
1
dx

2 1 x 2 1 x 2

1 x4

dx

1 x

1 x4

1
1
I1 A I1B
2
2
2
1 x

1
1
I1 I 2
2
2

1 1 x2 1 x2
1
1 x2
1
dx
dx

dx
2 1 x2 1 x4
2 1 x2 1 x4
2 1 x4

I2

1
1
1
1
1
1
I1 A I1B I1B I 2 A I1 A I 2 A
4
4
4
4
4
4
I
and 2 A can be evaluated by solved example 2 (vii).

1
sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x
2

sin x cos x
1
1
sin x cos x
sin x cos x sin x cos x
, In the second put sin x + cos
2
2
sin x cos x

Integrand

x=t
62.

1
dx
1
1 x2
1
1

I1 B I 2 A
2 1 x4 2 1 x2 1 x4
2
2

Now I1A
61.

1 x

2
1 1 x
2 1 x2

Put tan x = t (algebraically) Integrand =

t2

Let

1 t 1 t
2

t2

1 t 1 t
2

At B C

.We easily get A = - , B = - , C =

1 t2 1 t
1 tan x
1
1

2
2
2 1 tan x 1 tan x 1 tan 2 x
1
cos x
sin x cos x cos 2 x
etc.
2
cos x sin x

The Integrand now

63.

64.

x
2

1 2 x 2
2

1 x 4 x 2 1

dx

1 dx

x4 x2 1

x 2 dx
1 x6

In I1 divide by x2, in I2 put x3 = t.

On dividing x2 in numerator and denominator (in denominator 1 x 2 by x and

square root portion by x), the Integrand =

12

1
1 2
x

1
1
x x
x

. Put x

1
t.
x

65.

On integrating by parts taking cosec 2 x as second function we have

I log cos x cos 2 x cot x

Integral I1

cos x 2 cos x cos 2 x

cos 2 x cos x cos 2 x

2

cos x 1 cos x cos 2 x

cos 2 x sin 2 x

cos 2 x cos x cos 2 x

cos x 2 cos x cos 2 x cos x cos 2 x

sin x

dx

1
1/2
cos 2 x 2sin 2 x
2
cot x dx
cos x cos 2 x

dx

cos 2 x cot x cos ec 2 x

sin 2 x cot 2 x 1

etc

x
t 2 . Solve for x and find dx.
2x 3

75.

Put

76.

Integrand =

77.

By putting x 8 sec the new Integrand = A sec3 - B sec .

78.

Integrand =

79.
80.

Put x 3 sec .
Integrate by parts taking 1 as second function.

82.

Integrand =

83. (B)
84.
85.

x 1 4x
5

1 4x

1
3 , Put 1 + 4x-2 = t.
x

1 4x 2
. Put 1 + 4x-2 = t2.
5
x

x 2 dx

x3 1 x6
2

Integrand =

. Put x3 + 1 = t

x 2 1
, Put x-2 1 = t2
3
x

(B)

See Solution To 85.

Let us develop a recursion formula for I n

In

x n 1 xdx

x n dx

x2 2x 5
n 1
1 x 2 x 2 2 dx

2
x2 2x 5

by writing

x2 2x 5
1
2x 2
x n 1
dx I n 1
2
2
x 2x 5
1
x n 1 2 x 2 2 x 5 n 1 x n 2 2 x 2 2 x 5dx I n 1

x n 1 x 2 2 x 5 n 1 x n 2 x 2 2 x 5dx I n 1
x

n 1

x 2 x 5 n 1
2

x n2 x 2 2 x 5
x2 2x 5

13

dx I n1

 x n 1 x 2 2 x 5 n 1 I n 2 n 1 I n 1 5 n 1 I n 2 I n 1
Since I0 and I1 are elementary integrals whence I4 can be easily evaluated.
86.

First of all put x = 1/t, we get I

87.

2x 2 1

2 x 3 x 2 2 x 4

Now I1

I
t and 2
88.
89.

Integrand

t 2t 2
2

. Now put t2 2t + 2 = u2

dx I1 I 2

2 x 2 dx

t 1 dt

which is easily evaluated by putting x2 + 2x =

2 x 3 x 2 2 x 4
dx

x 1

x 1

is easily evaluated by x + 1 =

3 tan .

= tan 3x tan 2x tan x.

1 cos 2 log x
.Let I cos 2 log x dx
sin 2 log x
2

Integrate by parts twice by taking 1 as second function.

90.

91.

x 1 dx

1
2
x x 1 x 1
x x 1
x
1
x 1 t2
Now put
x
2
cos x 1 cos 2 x cos xdx
I
sin 2 x 1 sin 2 x

1
1 2 dx
x

1
1
1

x 1
x 2 x 1
x
x
x

x 1 dx

Put sin x = t. The integrand becomes a function of t 2 only. Do partial fractions

in variable t2 after dividing.
92.

xdx

3x 2

x 2

On putting x 2 = cosec , I

2 cos ec cos ec cot d

cos ec
2

cosec cot

2 cos ec

1 cos ec d etc

1
x2
I
dx (On dividing by x2)
93.
1
x2 2 3
x
dt
dt
1
2
4
94.
First put x + 1 = t, then I 3 2
. Now put 1 u .
t 1 1/ t
t
t t t
1
1

100. Integrand = 5 2
. Now put x-2 + 1 = t2.
3
2
2
x x 1 x x x 1
1

14

101. I x 1/ 2 1 x1/ 4

1/ 2

dx, m = - , n = , p = since

m 1
is an integer we will
n

put 1 + x1/4 = t2. (where power of t is denominator of p)

102. Put
1 + x4/3 = t7.

104. Integrand = x

3m

2m

2 x 3m 3 x 2 m 6 x m
x

xm

1/ m

x3m 1 x 2 m 1 x m 1 2 x3m 3x 2 m 6 x m

1/ m

2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm = t.

Put

105. 1 2 tan x tan x sec x

1/ 2

1 2 tan 2 x 2 tan x sec x

1/ 2

sec 2 x tan 2 x 2 tan x sec x

= sec x + tan x

5 1/ 2
2

13

106. I x 2 1 x

1/ 2

Integral = log(sec x + tan x) + log sec x + c

5
2

5/ 2
2
3/ 2
dx Put 1 x t , x dx 2tdt

5
5/ 2
Now I x 1 x

1/ 2

4
4
t dt t 6 2t 4 t 2 dt etc
5
5

x 3 / 2dx t 2 1 t
2

Objective Exercise Page 379-380

1.

2.

sin x cos x
dx Put cos x sin x = t then (sin x + cos x) dx = dt and
sin x.cos x
1 t2
sin x + cos x =
2
x
x
d x
2
x
5
log 5dx dt 55 5x log 5 dx dt

Put 55 t then 5 5
dx
I

5.

dt

log 5

5x

5t

log 5

55

log 5

Put x2 = t algebraically (or by trial)

2t 3
1
1
1
1

2
2
t 1 t 4 t 1 t 4 x 1 x 4

1
x 1 1
x
log
tan 1
2
x 1 2
2

x 1
x 1
log

x 1
x 1

cos 4 x 1 cos x sin xdx 1 cos 4 x 1 sin 2 x dx

cos 4 x 1
I
dx
cos x sin x
cos 2 x
2
cos 2 x

sin x cos x
1 2 cos 4 x sin 2 x 2sin 2 x
1 sin 6 x sin 2 x 2sin 2 x

dx
dx
4
cos 2 x
4
cos 2 x
1 sin 6 x sin 2 x 1 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
cos 4 x
1


dx
c k
4
cos 2 x
4
cos 2 x
8
8

7.

I 5
t

1
1
a ,b
2
2

Q log

15

8.

9.

11.

13.

x4 1 1
1
dx
dx dx
log x f x c
4
x
x x5
x x 1

2
Putting cos x sin x t , 1 sin 2 x t (sin x cos x)dx dt

dt
dt
I (sin x cos x)
3 sin 2 x 3 1 t 2 4 t 2
1 log 2 sin x cos x c
4
2 sin x cos x
dx
dx
I

3/ 4
3
5 1/ 4
( x 1) ( x 2)
( x 1) ( x 2)5/ 4
dx
dt
x 1

t then
Put
etc .
2
( x 2)
3
x2

1
2t
log
C
4
2t

x 1
x 2

3/ 4

dx
( x 2) 2

3 x 4
f
x2
3 x 4
4 t 1
10 2t
4 t 1
3x 4
f (t ) t 2
2
If t
then x

3 1 t
3(1 t )
3 1 t
3x 4
10 2 x
10 2 x
2
4

f ( x)
I f ( x)dx
dx 1
dx etc .
3(t x)
3(1 x )
3
1 x

IIT Page 381-383

1.

2.

x 2 dx
2
1 x put , 1 x t , dx 2tdt
(1 t 2 ) 2 (2 tdt )
2t 5 4t 3
4
2

2
t

4
t
)
dt

2
t

t
5
3
2
2
t 15 3t 4 10t 2 c t 15 3(1 x) 2 10(1 x) c
15
15
2
2

1 x 8 3x 4 x c
15
I

x 1

x 1

x 1 2

x 1

Where f x
3.

4.

x 1

x2 x4

x 1

Integral =

e f x f x dx
x

x 1

dx
3

1 x 4

dx

x 5 1 x 4

x
x
x
x
We write, 4e 6e A 9e 4e B

Put x-4 = t

d
9e x 4 e x
dx

16

4
3
4 9 A B , 6 4 A B A B , A B
9
2
x
x
19
35
4e 6e
19
35 9e x 4e x
Solving we get A , B
. Thus, x
dx

dx

dx
36
36
9e 4e x
36
36 9e x 4e x
19
35
19
35
35
x log 9e x 4e x C
x log 9e 2 x 4 log e x C
36
36
36
36
36
3
35
x log 9e 2 x 4 C
2
36
cos 2 x cos 4 x cos x
I
dx
on putting sin x = t, cos x dx = dt
sin 2 x 1 sin 2 x

5.

1 t 1 t

t 1 t
2

6.

2
6
2

dx 1 2 2 dt t 6 tan 1 t c etc.
t
t 1
t

On multiplying and dividing the integrand by e x

e x x 1 dx

xe x 1 xe x

dt
t 1 t 2

where 1 + xex = t

1
1 1
2 dt
t
t 1 t
1
t 1 1
xe x
1
log t 1 log t c log
c log

c
x
t
t
t
1 xe 1 xe x

7.
8.

9.

f(x) = ex(x 1)(x 2) which is negative if x (1, 2)

1 1
3 5 dx
x
x
2 1
2
5
I
On dividing by x
Now put 2 2 4 t etc.
2 1
x
x
2 2 4
x
x
f x
f x
x
f
f
x

1
1
f x
n
n
1
,
1 f x n n

x
n
n
1 x
1

1 x n

1 x x

1 x 1 2x 1 2x
x
f ( f f x
we will similarly get
1 3x
n

Inductively g(x) =

f o f o f ........ o f x

17

1 nx
n

n2
Now I x g x dx

put 1 + nxn = tn to get I

10.

J I

e x e 2 x 1

1.

1 nx
n

( n 1)
1
n
1 nx n
C

n n 1

1
dx

z 4 z 2 1 dz
e4 x e2 x 1

1
dz
z 2
2

1
z 1
z

11.

x n 1 dx

1 e x e x 1
ln
c
2 e x e x 1

where z e x

Putting tan x t is tempting but it does not work !

Putting sec x tan x t or sec x t tan x
2
sec2 x t 2 tan 2 x 2t tan x tan x t 1
2t
2
2
2t.2t 2(t 1)
t 1

sec 2 xdx
dt
dt
2
4t
2t 2

sin x
sin x

3.

1
9/ 2

(t 2 1) dt
etc.
2t 2

dx

sin x cos cos x sin

sin x

dx

where A = cos , B = sin

dx
1

sec x dx
cos ec

x dx

4
4

2
2

2 cos x
4

1
1
1
3 x
x
x

log tan c
log cot
c
log tan
c
8 2
2
2
2
8 2
8 2

On putting log x = t

t 1

et

then x = et, dx = et dt then

1
2t

1 t2 1 t2

dt

et
t
e
dt

c
2

1 t2

(Q Integrand is of the type

e (f(t) + f(t))
5 tan xdx
5sin xdx
I

tan x 2
sin x 2cos x
Let 5sin x (sin x 2cos x) (cos x 2sin x)
On comparing coefficients of sin x and cos x , 2 5 , 2 0
5sin x
cos x 2sin x

1 2
On solving 1 , 2
5sin x 2cos x
sin x 2cos x
t

6.

1 e 2 x e x 1
ln
c.
2 e 2 x e x 1

AIEEE/IIT MAINS Page 383-384

= x cos + sin log sin(x - ) + c

2.

J I

18

5sin xdx

sin x 2cos x x 2log (sin x 2cos x) c

7.

5
3
Let I x f x dx

(c)

Putting x 3 t we get I

a2

1
3x 2 .x3 f x 3 dx

1
t. f t dt On integrating by parts
3

1
t f t dt f t dt dt

3
1 3
1
3
t dt
I x. x
x3 . x 3 x

3
3
1 3
x
x 3 x 2. x 3 dx (c) is correct

3
I

.3x dx

8.

1 x

I 1 x e x dx
x

Putting xe x x t will yield

1
1 x x e

1
x
x

dx dt

1.e

1
x

x. e

1
x

(1

1
) dx dt
x2

I dt t xe

19

1
x