10. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Probability and Stochastic Processes (MA20106) Assignment 1 A coin is tossed until for the first time the same result. appear twice in succession. To an ‘outcome requiring n tosses assign a probability 2". Deseribe the sample space. Evaluate the probability of the following events: a) A= The experiment ends before the sixth toss b) B= An even number of tosses are required 0) AUB, ANB, AN BAIN BY ANB. . Three tickets are drawn randomly without replacement from a set of tickets numbered 1 to 100. Show that the probability that the number of selected tickets are in {#) arithmetic pro- gression is J; and (ii) geometric progression is ros/( i ) ‘Three players A,B and C play a series of games, none of which can be drawn and their probability of wining any game are equal. The winner of each game scares 1 point and the series is won by the player who first scores 4 points. Out of first three games 4 wins 2 games and B wins 1 game, What is the probability that C will win the series? Um I contains 8 black and 6 red balls and urn IT contains 4 black and 3 red balls. One um is chosen randomly and a ball is drawn randomly which is red. Find the probability that urn 1 was chosen, A point P is randomly placed in a square with side of lem. Find the probability that the distance from P to the nearest side does not exceed xem. If six dice are rolled find the probability that at least two faces are equal . Suppose that in answering a question on a multiple choice test an examinee either knows the answer or he/she guesses. Let p be the probability that he will know the answer and let 1p be the probability that he/she will guess. Assume that the probability of answering @ question correctly is 1 for an examinee who knows the answer and 2 for an examinee who guesses; here m is the multiple choice alternatives. Find the conditional probability that an ‘examinee knew the answer to 4 question, given that he has correctly answered it. Let A and B be two events. Assume P(A) > 0 and P(B) > 0. Prove that (i) if A and B are mutually exclusive (AM B = 8), then A and B are not independent; (ii) if A and B are independent then A and B are not mutually exclusive Let A,B and C be independent events. In terms of P(A), P(B) and P(Q), express, for k= 0,1,2,3, (6) Plexactly k of the events 4, B,C will occur), (ii) P{al least & of the events A, B,C will occur), (iii) P(at most & of the events A, B,C will occur) Let A and B be two independent events such that P(ANB) 4; find P(A) and P(B), (ii) if P(A occurs and B does not occur) = 4, find P(A) and P(B) For either part (i) and (i), are P(A) and P(B) uniquely determined? 4. (i) If P(ncither of A and B occurs) =Ji, If A and B are independent events, show that A and B are also independent. events. 12. Two fair dice labeled 1 and II are thrown simultaneously and outcomes of the top faces are observed. Let A= Event that die I shows an even mumber B = Event that die Il shows an odd number C = Sum of the two faces are odd Are A,B and C independent events? 13, Verify, whether or not the following functions can serve as pnt. (2) f(a) = 3 for ) f(a) = 28 fore 12,34 12,3,--. (A> 0, ()A< 6 14, A battery cell is labelled as good if it works for at least 300 days in a clock, otherwise it is labelled as bad. Three manufacturers, A, B and C make cells with probability of making good cell as 0.95, 0.00 and 0.80 respectively. Three identical clocks are selected and cells made by A,B and C are used in clock number 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Let X be the total number of clocks working after 300 days. Find the probability mass function (p.m.f.) of X 16. A fair die rolled independently three times. Define 1 if the i-th roll yields a perfect square 0 otherwise Find the p.m.f. of Xj. Suppose ¥ = X1 +X + Xs. Find the p.m. of ¥ and also it's df Find the mean and variance of ¥. Verify Chebyshev's equality in this case 16. Tor what values of &, fx(z) = (1 — k)k*, 2 = 0,1,2,3, can serve as a p.m. of a random variable X. Find the mean and variance of X 17, Let 0 ifx<0 1-3c-$—Je ll ita >0 F(a) = { rhere [a] means the largest integer 6). (ti) P(X =5), (iii) PO < X < 8). 18. The daily water consumption X (in million of liters) is a random variable with p.d& fxg) =Fehe>0. (a) Find the d.f,, £(X) and V(X). (0) Pind the probability that on a given day, the water consumption is not more than 6 million liters 19. A mode of a random variable X of the continuous and discrete type is a value that maximizes the probability density function (p.d.f.) or the probability mass function (p.m.) f(z). If there is only one such =, itis called the mode of the distribution. Find the mode of each of the following distribution: J (c) = 122(1 —2),0 <2 <1 and zero elsewhere.