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Dynamic analysis of multi-component mooring lines

Offshore Moorings (Technische Universiteit Delft)

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OTC 4309
On the Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Component Mooring Lines
by Toshio Nakajima, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., and Seizo Motora and Masataka FUjino,
University of Tokyo

This paper was presented at the 14th Annual OTe in Houston, Texas, May 3-6, 1982. The material is subject
to correction by the author. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words.
is developed to obtain a better understanding of the
dynamic behavior of multi-component mooring lines.
In the present method, the continuous distribution
of the mooring line's mass replaced by a discrete
distribution of lumped masses at a finite number of
points on the line. This replacement amounts to
idealizing the system as a set of point masses and
non-mass linear springs. At the present analysis,
non-linearities of viscous damping acting on the
mooring line are considered.

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of both theoretical and experimental studies on the dynamic tensions and motions of the multi-component mooring
lines such as chain with clump weights and/or spring
buoys. Especially, the author's attention is paid
to analysis of the dynamic behavior of a mooring
line under the excitation caused by the motion of
floating platform.
Appearance of new types of multi-component
mooring lines demands the development of numerical
methods which are able to be applied for the analysis
of dynamic behavior of various types of mooring
lines.
In this paper a new method is proposed by
the authors, which is motivated by the lumped mass
method originally developed by Walton and Polachek
(1959). The present method, however, is somewhat
modified to be applied to the analysis of the multicomponent mooring system and extended to be able to
include the elastic deformation of the mooring line.
The time histories of dynamic tension predicted
by the present method are compared with the experimentanl ones with excellent agreement.
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, ocean platforms have become
more and more complex and at the same time the
requirement of the mooring systems used for those
platforms becomes more severe. For use as these
mooring systems, the mooring lines with a combination of chains and wire ropes, and those connected
with buoys and/or clump weights have come to be used.
Since the dynamic behaviors of those mooring
lines are complicated and somewhat different from
those of conventional single lines, the dynamic
analysis of those lines become more important for
investigating
the feasibility and safety of mooring
of the floating platforms.

The present method has a great potential of

application for engineers as it does not require
lengthy procedure of numerical calculation and it
can save a good deal of computing time. One average
run over 4 cycles of harmonic motion may (240 time
steps) require approximalety 10 seconds in the case
of the mooring line model of 9 segments by using
IBM 3033. For example;
GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF MOTION
First, a mooring line is represented by a set
of discrete masses interconnected by springs as
illustrated in Fig. 1. The external forces acting
on a mooring line are gravity, hydrodynamic forces
and line tension.
The governing equations of motion of j-th lumped
mass are as follows;

+ [Atj-Anj]'~j sin Yj cos Yj = Fxj .... (1)

-[M j + Anj cos 2-Yj + Atj sin 2
Yj]'Zj

(j=2,3, . , , N)

For this study, a new method of the non-linear

dynamic analysis of multi-component mooring lines

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projected area of the additional

concentrated substances such as
spring buoy in x and z directions
respectively.

where
Mass of j-th lump, and its added
masses in normal and tangential
directions respectively.

drag coefficients of the additional

concentrated substances in x and z
directions respectively.

Accelerations of j-th lumped

mass in x and z directions
respectively.

The velocity components Unj and Utj normal and

tangential to the mooring line are given by

The nodal components of the external forces Fxj

and FZj in Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) can be written by

Unj

- (xrCj) sin Yj + Zj cos Yj

(7)

(xrCj) cos 'Y-j + Zj sin Yj

(8)

(3)

Fxj

Tj cos Yj - Tj-l cos Yj-l - fdxj

FZj

Tj sin Yj - Tj-l sin Yj-l - fdzj - OJ

where Cj is the current velocity in horizontal direction at j-th lumped mass.

(4)

where

The additional constraint equation of the mooring line is

Tension in a segment between

j-th and (j+l)-th lumped masses

(Xj-Xj_l)2 + (ZrZj_l)2 =

weight in water of lumped mass

where
A
E

- Cdt cos Yjlutjlutj]

"2p

,
ArxCdx " XrCj I (xrCj)
*

-i Dci"
+

The govening equations (1) and (2) can be

reduced to:

[C dn cos Yj IUnj IUnj

+ Cdt sin yjlutj IUtj]

%ArzCdzlzj!zj

cross-sectional area of line

modulus of elasticity

SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

..... (5)

fdzj =

i,i)2

(j=2, 3, , N+l)

t Dc i[Cdn sin Yj IUnj IUnj

+

(1. +

(9)

It is assumed that the drag force action on the

mooring line is proportional to the square of fluid
velocity relative to mooring line.
fdxj = -

Xj

(RjTj

PjTj_l + Uj)/t.t 2

(10)

Zj

(SjTj

QjTj-l + Vj)/t.t 2

(11)

..... (6)

(j=2, 3 N)

(j=2, 3, ... N)

where

where

II = Mj +

~j

sin 2 -Yj + Atj cos 2 Yj

equivalent diameter of mooring line

1 2 = [Atj - Anj] sin Yj cos Yj

or{ginal length of line segment

IS = Mj + Anj cos

density of water

2 Yj + Atj sin 2 Yj

t.t 2 [IS'cos Yj - I2'sin Yj]/A

coefficients of drag forces normal

and tangential to the mooring line
respectively.

t.t 2 [Is'cos Yj-l - I2'sin Yj_l]/A

In addition to the drag on the line itself,

there will also be hydrodynamic drag on any concentrated substances attached to the mooring line
such as spring buoy and clump weight.

.. ... (12)

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~---

~--

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On the other hand, the nodal accelerations and

..n+1 ,zJ
''If+l) '
velocities of the next time step ( Xj
(ij+l, ~j+l) can be expressed by the following finitedifference equations so called Houbolt Method.

.. (19)

=0

s~+l

~~z (2 sj+l - 5 sj + 4 sj-l - sj-2)

-n+l
Provided that the tentative values Tj
are

.. (13)

+1
~j

1
+1
n
n-l
n-2
6~t (11 sj
- 18 Sj + 9 Sj
- 2 Sj )

sufficiently close to the correct values Tj+1, we

may neglect the higher order terms in Eq. (19),
and thereby obtain a system of N linear

..... (14)

equations for the differential correction ~Tj+1

where a dot over Sj denotes time differentiation and

Sj in equations (13) and (14) represents Xj or Zj.

n 1
E-j + 'L\ATn+l
j-2

F-n+l

ATn+l
j'L\ j-l

Combining equations (10), (11) and (13), the

nodal displacements x~+l and zj+l of next time step
n+l are derived as follows:
+1
xj

=2

(20)

(j=2, 3 , N+1)

n
n-l
1 n-2
Xj - 2 Xj
+ 2 Xj

where

n+l = 1 Z~ _ 2 z~-l
1 n-2
Zj
2 J
J
+ 2 Zj

n+l
To obtain the tensions of next time step Ti '
we use the Newton-Raphson Method. It is assumea that
Tjn+.l consists of two components as follows:

+ Q-n+l
(_ n+l - zn+l)
j-l Zj
j-l

...... (22)

(17)

where Tjn+l is the tentative value of the tension

and

~Tjn+l

is the correction.

Now, we define the following equation which is

a
function of line tension of next time step.
This equation is derived from Eq. (9).
n2

-~

.. (23)

n+l
(1+Tj_1 /E'A)2

Expanding

~j

in a Taylor series about the

(- n+l __n+l)
Zj
z.:i-l

(j=2, 3,

N+1)

(j=2, 3 . N)
n+l

S n+1

(18)

(24)

and

{Tj~~, Tj~!, Tj+l} , thus we obtain

2x.

n-l

+2

xj

n-2

- n+l - n+l
P- n+l T-n+l + u-. n+l )/2
+ [Rj
Tj
- j
j-l
J
(25)

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n+l
2.=Z
J

5
2j

n _ ~z n-1
1
j
~zj

n-2

7) Calculate the nodal displacements of the next

n+l
time step (xj , z:+1) byEqs.
[15) and (16).

+ [5 +l-.i+1 - Q,n+l*in+l + V +1]/2

j-1
j
j
j
J
(j=2,3, ...N)

.....(26)

n+l
-n+l are the
-n+l -n+l
n+l
n+l
where Rj , Sj , Ij , ~j , ~j
j
n+l
n+l
n+l
n;l
n+l
tentative values of Rj , Sj
Pjvjujin
equations (12).

9) Repeat the calculational procedure from step 2),

as time step changes from n to n+l.
EXPERIMENTS

COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURES

Tank tests have been performed with models of

single and multiple-component mooring chains. The
multiple-component mooring chains used at the experiments are of three kinds such as

The computational procedures of solving the

dynamic behavior of mooring lines are as follows:
1) Calculate the equilibrium form and tensions of
mooring line when the line is in a static equilibrium. The mathematical formulation of static
calculation by the lumped mass model is described
in Ref. 3 and Ref. 5.
2) The oscillation at the upper end p (~~,

8) The iterative procedure from step 4) to step 7)

is continued until the appropriate convergence
is attained.

1) chain with 1801#1

spherical spring buoy
(of styrol form)
2) chain wtth
(of wood)

226@ spherical spring buoy

z~~~)
3) chain with clump weight (of lead)

of the mooring line is assumed to start from rest

and gradulaly approach a sinusoidal motion in
accordance with the following equations:
n+l
~+1 =
n+l
N+l =

x~+l
0
N+l

+ (1. - e-vt).~.sin(

The principal particulars of the chain are shown

in Table 1 while those of spring buoys and clump
weight are summarized in Table 2.

ut+ .x )

+ (1 - e vt)Bp.sin( ut + Sz )

Weight per Length

in water
in air

.....(28)

where
V,EX,CZ: chosen parameters
u

frequency of motion

t:

time [= (n+l).At ]

P P:

amplitude of motion in x and z

directions respectively.

Steel (without stud)

Material

.....(27)

Ww

0.1938 kgjm

WA

0.222

kglm
cm

Equivalent Diameter Dc

0.599

Volume per Length

28.2 cm3/m

Modulus of elasticity

2.15 x 106 kg/cm2

Table 1

Principal Particular

of Chain

Clump Weight

Spring Buoy
3) Correct the weights of the lumped masses nearest
to the bottom by the equations described in
Appendix.

Material

Styrol Form

-n+l -n+l
4) Calculate the matrix coefficients Rj , Sj ,

Diameter

18.0 cm

(Bl buoy)

0.07 kg

Weight in air

??+l, 6?+1.

Weight in water
or Buoyancy
Force

5) Calculate the drag forces acting on the line due

to the tentative velocities ~. ~j.
J
n+l
6) Calculate tensions of the next time step Tj
by
iteration. In this step, the tensions of previous
time step T? is used for the first approximation
of the tent~tive values L?Q+l. Then, we determine
the corrections ATn+l by $he following equation
derived from Eq. (30).

E]=F?:-::[EI..(29)

Table 2

-3.0

kg

(B2 buoy)
Wood

Lead

22.6 cm

7.5 cm

4.1 kg

2.0 kg

-1.9 kg

1.823 kg

Principal Particulars of Spring

Buoys and Clump Weight

Forced oscillation tests of the mooring chains

described above were carried out in calm water. The
lower end of chain was attached rigidly to the bottom
of the model basin and the upper end attached to a
mechanical oscillator waa forced to oscillate
horizontally with amplitude Ap = 5 cm (See Fig. 2).
The driving mechanism of oscillating the chain is
It is essentially a crank-type

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The horizontal and vertical tensions are

measured by load cell (shown as Block Gauge) located
at the upper end as shown in Fig. 3 while the tension
at the anchored point is measured by a ring gauge.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
At the numerical calculation of dynamic behavior
of a single mooring line, the total length of the
line was divided into 9 segments of equal length,
while the multi-component mooring lines were represented by 16 segments (See Fig. 4). The time increment At was equal to 0.02 seconds in both cases of
single and multi-component mooring lines.
The hydrodynamic coefficients of mooring line
such as added masa coefficients (Chn, Cht) and viscous
damping coefficients (Cdn, Colt)used for the numerical
computation are obtained by experiments and are as
follows:
Chn (added mass in normal dir./pD~n~/4) = 1.98
Cht (added mass in tangential dir./pD~r~/4) = 0.2
Cdn (drag force in normal dir./ ~.Dc.~u~)

= 2.18

Comparing the values of tension of the mooring chain

with a spring buoy with those of single mooring
chain, it is evident that the buoy is extremely
effective in decreasing the dynamic tension of chain.
The motions of the mooring chain and spring buoy are
plotted in FLg. 10.
Finally, the time-domain simulation of the
mooring chain with clump weight is executed and the
results are shown in Fig. 11. Again, good agreement
between theoretical and experimental results is
obtained. Both results show that impact load of
chain appears when the clump weight is lifted up from
the bottom of the water, while the drastic change of
tension occurs as the clump weight hit the bottom.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Dynamic behaviors of the various multi-component
mooring lines are investigated theoretically and
experimentally, and in consequence, it is clarified
that the behaviors of the multi-component mooring
line are complicated and somewhat different from
those of the conventional single mooring line.
Other results obtained are as follows:
1) At higher frequencies, the dynamic tension is
significant and may be of magnitude sufficient to cause a failure.

Cdt (drag force in tangential dir.f $p.Dc.~.ut2)

= 0.17

2) Spring buoy exhibits larger motions and

causes the wear and tear problem between
buoy and mooring line while magnitude of
the dynamic tension of line is small.

Fig. 5 shows the time-histories of vertical and

horizontal components of tension at the mooring
point P in the case where the point P was oscillated
harmonically in the horizontal direction. Comparing
the predicted time histories with those measured at
the experiments for various number of periods of
motion T, it ia concluded that the predicted values
agree well with the measured ones quantitavily.
Therefore, it is considered that the present method
is useful for dynamic analysis of the mooring line.

3) Clump weight affects the line tension of

mooring line considerably. Especially, the
lift-up of the clump weight from the bottom
causes a remarkable increase of the dynamic
tension of the mooring line.
In conclusion, it is shown that the present
lumped mass method provides a realistic representation
of the dynamics of mooring line and is applicable to
numerical analysis of multi-component mooring lines
without tremendous computing time.

The frequency response curves of tension are

plotted against the non-dimensional frequency in
Fig. 6. The amplitudes of horizontal and vertical
components of tension, TH and Tv respectively, are
non-dimensionalized by dividing with THO and TvO
whfch denote the horizontal and vertical components
of tension at the static equilibrium state with null
displacement of the point P. It should be noted
that the tension increases with the frequency of
motion and becomes significant to cause failure at
higher frequency. Fig. 7 shows the difference of
the predicted amplitudes TH and Tv at the point P
which are brought about by changing the coefficient
Cdn of hydrodynamic drag acting on the normal direction of the mooring line. It is evident that the
higher the damping coefficient is, the greater the
amplitudes of the dynamic tension are.

NOM8NCLATURJI
A

The comparisons between theoretical and experimental results for the mooring chains with spring
buoy are also made and shown in Fig. 8. As shown
in Fig. 8, a spring buoy of which the weight in the
water is equal to - 3 kg (- means that the buoyant
force exceeds the gravity force) ia attached to the
mooring line at the cencer of the line. The frequency response curves of the dynamic tension of the
mooring line with spring buoys are shown in Fig. 9.

cross-sectional area of mooring line

Anj, Atj :

added masses of j-th line segment in

normal and tangential directions
respectively

Arx, Arz :

projected Area of the additional concentrated substances in x and z

directions respectively

Ap, Bp

amplitudes of motion in x and z directions respectively

Cj

current velocity at j-th lumped mass

Chn, Ght :

added mass coefficients of mooring line

in normal and tangential directions
respectively

Cdn, Cdt :

damping coefficients of mooring line in

normal and tangential directions
respectively

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Cdx, Cdz :

damping coefficients of the additional

concentrated substances in x and z
directions respectively

2.

Walton, J.S. and Polachek, H.: Calculation of

Transient Motions of Submerged Cables,
Mathematics of Computation, Vol. xiv (1959)

3.

Nakajima, T., Motora, S. and Fujino, M.: on

the Study of the Multi-Component Mooring Lines.,
(in Japanese). The 5 th Symposium of Ocean
Engineering, Sot. of Naval Arch. of Japan (1981)

Dc

equivalent diameter of mooring line

modulus of elasticity

F.
xJ Y Fzj :

nodal components of external forces in

x and z directions respectively

fdxj,fdzj:

nodal components of drag forces in x and

z directions respectively

4.

Tsai, N.: Analysis of a Free-Fall Anchoring

Systems., O.T.C. Paper 1501 (1971)

5.

Nakajima, T.: A Study of the Mooring Dynamics

of Various Types by Lumped Mass Method., (in
Japanese) Ph. D Thesis, Univ. of Tokyo (1981)

6.

Ando, S. and Kate, S.: Static

Characteristics of Mooring line
(in Japanese), Abstract Note of
General Meeting of S.R.I., Ship
Institute (1981)

7.

Nakajima, T., Motora, S. and Fujino, M.: On

the Dynamic Responses of the Moored Object and
the Mooring Lines in Regular Waves., (in
Japanese),-Trans. Sot. of Naval Arch. of Japan,
No.
150 (1981)

gravity accerelation

total length of mooring line

Mj

mass of j-th lump (virtual mass of the

additional concentrated substances will
be included in Mj)

i-i

number of line segment (number of lumped

masses is (n-1) )

original length of line segment

period of motion

T.:
Tj

(T~+l):

line tension in segment between j-th and

(j+l)-th lumped mass
-n+l
correction of tentative tension Tj

~T~+l

TH, TV

amplitudes of dynamic tension at the

mooring point P in horizontal and
vertical directions respectively

Tx, T.z

line tensions at the mooring point P in

x and z directions respectively

THO, TVO :

pre-tensions at the mooring point P in

horizontal and vertical directions
respectively

time [ n.At ]

At
Unj,

Utj

Ww, WA
w=
Xj,

Zj

time increment

velocity components of j-th lumped mass

in normal and tangential directions
respectively

APPENDIX
The correction of the weight of line segment is
necessary to prevent unrealistic impact load of line
from being caused by a drastic change of weight in
case where a lumped mass nearest to the bottom hit
the bottom or is lifted up from the bottom. In order
to prevent the unrealistic impact, a part of the
mooring line close to the bottom is approximated by
a parabola and the weight of a fraction of the
parabola which locates below the bottom surface is
neglected (See Fig. 1).

(n = O, 1, 2, ..... )

According to this approximation, the weights

of the lumped mass nearest to the bottom, that is
to say 61 and that of the neXt luped mass, 61+1
are corrected in the following manner:

weights of mooring line per length in

water and in air respectively

(1)

:
weight of mooring line segment (= Ww.~)
n+l
n+l
displacements of j-th lumped
, Zj
(Xj
):
mass in x and z directions
respectively

weight of j-th lumped mass in water

density of water

frequency of motion

and Dynamic
by chains.,
the 38 th
Research

O&

A!ZI_I< L1_I

ISI= 1.5 Wc (1. - A.!I-I./!LI-I)

61+1 = Wc (1. + 0.5 AL1_l/LI_I)
where

aI-1 =

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I-I-l*ZI
- IZI+l
X1.X1+1 (xI - xl+l)
22
2
X1.Z 1+1 - 1+1 zI

The authors sincerely wish to thank Mr. H. Hotta

a graduate student of Tokai University, for conducting the experiments and helping them to prepare this
paper.

bI_l =

xIxI+l (x1 - xl+l)

.!l_l= ~ (1. +T1_l/AE)

REFERENCES
(2)

A!?,l_l
< 0

1. Ando, S.:

On the Hydrodynamic Forces of Mooring

Wire Ropes and Chains., (Part 1: Partial
Models), (in Japanese), Trans. West-Japan Sot.
Naval Arch., No. 50 (1975)

61 = 1.5 Wc

and

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61+1 = Wc

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-?

N-

u&-

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Photo 1 Apparatus of mechanical forced oscillator

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...

- &--

..

RING GAUGE

BUOY

.. MOORING
_ ._.
_ CHAIN
._.
_

._.

\D

I
E
!.0

y
,

I
2(3M

15M

5t.1

10M

A.P.

DIRECTION
OF MOTION

Fig. 2 Test apparatus

of mooring

line

-IL
L-i-!

I
I

0.5M

0. 0.1 0.2

I
I

STEEL

WIRE
.

CHAIJN
-. -,,... .-...-. ..--
/

Fig. 3 Upper

~_.

-t
end of mooring

-line

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ID No.

Tension(

Kg)

2.5391082

7
9

A)

Angle(deg.

x(M)

z(H)

0.8971394

0.0000000

0.0000000

2.6445727

16.2596529

3.0021154

0.3605167

2.8712229

27.8441336

5.8431810

1.4093504

3.1363702

35.9558410

7.6015360

2.4063136

CONVENTIONAL

SINGLE

MOORING

LINE

17.9(B1)
{17.7

(B2)}

10

11

12

13

<
14

E
!0

A
IO No.

Tension(

Kg)

Angle(deg.

X(14)

4.5956123

5.8201618

0.0000000

0.0000000

4.8088027

18.0585451

4.5066253

0.8768454

4.6109334

-7.4583730

8.7731644

2.5821370

13

4.5825744

3.9073754

13.3589091

2.3251757

16

4.7045563

13.6373945

16.7824205

2.7288570

B)

MOORING

LINE

WITH

SPRING

BUOY

z(n)

(Bl)

.v

s
I.-J

678,9

2345

x(M)

z(M)

IO No.

Tens{ on(Kg)

Angle (deg.)

9.3994392

0.0000000

9.3994392

0.0000000

4.5250015

0.0000000

9.7451230

15.3064917

9.0491267

0.0569110

13

10.0189763

20.2545844

13.3708716

1.3933476

16

10.3 I66257

24.3427090

16.5293184

2.6337060

C)

MOORING

Fig. 4 Static configurations

LINE

WITH

CLUMP

0.0000000

0.0000000

WEIGHT

of single and multi-component

mooring lines

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Motiq (JM)
Tx : HORIZONTAL

TENSJON

Tz VERTICALTENSION

EXPERIMENT

PRESENTMETHOD

Xp

//

;P
L..-
---
+= -.

(CM)

1-

xp 8.42 t-n THO=2.375k9

Zp =3.() m
Tvo = 1.916~

L =9. o r-n
W=

Dc =5.99mm

O.1936 kg/m

Ap=S.

Ocm

\
\ ./

2. EC

1.

2.

4. SEC.

.
/

T= 1.5sec.
/4
I

-.

I l-+-+--j

H--+--j

It,, ,,, ,,, ,,, .... ...

p-+-.+I

EXPERIMEN
RECORD

Fig. 5 Time histories of dynamic tensions obtained by computer simulation

(conventional single mooring chain)

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-../
I

lOMoARcPSD

1.0

EX1?

TH

CAL.

2TH0

TH/2THo

Tv

TV/2Tvo

----

2Tv0
0.5

25
[
. o
A_

k.=.<

0.(

U*Z

(.)$4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2 (xlO-l

NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY
Fig. 6 Frequency response curves of dynamic tensions (conventional
chain)

single mooring

.C
cd

3.0

2.0

21H0
THIZTHO
Tit

-rv/2Tvo

--- 0---

2Tv0

0.5

,
,o%~

,/(3.

,4

o>:fy&/ .6
o --O-z:-g..-o-
0.

0.0

0.2

(),4

0.6

Q8

l.O

1.2 (%10-1

NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY

/Ei2g

Fig. 7 Dynamic tensions of single mooring chains of different drag coefficient

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lOMoARcPSD

Mot i~njMJ

xl)
1-

Tx-

: HORIZONTAL

TENSION

Tz VERTICAL TENSION
(CM)

M!

Gwa

(KG)
6..

1.

2.

=1

~
.$--

EXPERIMENT
1
PRESENTMETHOD ZP
y,

m
..

LB.-
v

..

DIA=

0.18 m

THO=

4.75 flkg

TVO=

1.17gkg

Ap=

5.0UT7

..

. .
/
.
. . ..

4.
*

T=l.5sec.
,.

12,

c).

-+-lI

T=2.5 sec.
II

T=2.osec.

m
t

T= &Osec.

mw

EXPERIMENT
RECORD

Fia. 8 Time histories of dynamic tensions obtained by computer simulation (mooring

chain with B1 spring buoy)

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I
I

Wm

..

3.00

lLA=LB=$l.OOm

Tx 5.

Zp =

W*=-3.00kg

.*O

..

17.90 m

\Xp=

lOMoARcPSD

1.0

TH

EXI?

BUOY

ZTHO

CAL.

BIA
B2

---

0.5
0
0
0
/

,--*H
0

.0

from Stat ic Ancllysis

/

&

%&.;

:
..&

O.c)

0.2

0.4
016
0.(3
1.O
NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY

I2(X1O-V

1.(
BUOY

EXF? CAL.

BIA
B2

----

al
0

rfrom
&

0.(

Static
>*.
.
0.2

Ana[ysis

~/\-

0.4

0.6

().8

1.0

1.2 (xl O-l

NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY
Fig. 9 Frequency response cumesof
B2 spring buoys)

dynamic tensions (mooring chains with Bl and

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lOMoARcPSD

(CM)
5,
j=~z
(rep)

0
-5,

-5..

\
---

5.-.,
\

t-

-5.-

,/ /
1
-

,0
----

fl

MOTION
,.-Buoy
.
~,
\
\
8\
~,zg
\

-/

5.-

~,,

. /

)(5

\
.
\\
=-.

Z
z
a

,
%-

#--- *.,Z5

~
2
E
2

---

O(G?
6.-

\\
\\
---

5.4.-

0.0

0,6

1.2
TIME

1,8
SEC.

Fig. I o Dynamic behaviors of mooring line with BI spring buoy (period of motion =
1.2 see, amplitude of motion = 5 cm)

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lOMoARcPSD

M :--.
-5.(KG)

0.5

20,

1.0
1

1.5
!

2.0

(SEC.]

b
o

00

~o

0
0

EXPERIMENT
PRESENT METHOD

Tz
5.0
0
0.-

Tx : HORIZONTAL
Tz : VERTICAL

TENSION
TENSION

Tx
!
,, ! / .

EXPERIMENTAL
RECORD

Tz

~1

~
1i ; II

Fig. 11 Time histories of dynamic tensions obtained by computer simulation (mooring

chain with clump weight)

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