1. Give the command to list the files in your current directory.

Are
directories also listed(y/n). Observe the ASCII collating sequence and
colors of the files and/or directories.

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls
cat_test dept_wise emp1 ex2.docc file1.doc test2.text unixprac
cat_test2 dir1 empdata ex33.doc staff test2.txt unixpracs
cp_ex1.dox dir1bkp empdatt ex3.doc temp_bkup test.txt
cust.dat dir6 ex1.dox exp.dat test trans.doc
deptgr_wise dirr2 ex2.doc file1 test1.txt unixbkup

2. Give the command to display the files multiple columns

(Acending order)
[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -C
cat_test dept_wise emp1 ex2.docc file1.doc test2.text unixprac
cat_test2 dir1 empdata ex33.doc staff test2.txt unixpracs
cp_ex1.dox dir1bkp empdatt ex3.doc temp_bkup test.txt
cust.dat dir6 ex1.dox exp.dat test trans.doc
deptgr_wise dirr2 ex2.doc file1 test1.txt unixbkup

3. Give the command to identify directories and executable files in your

directory. What are the symbols used for identifying directories and
executables.

(differentiate the directories and files)

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -F
cat_test dept_wise emp1 ex2.docc file1.doc test2.text unixprac/
cat_test2 dir1/ empdata ex33.doc staff/ test2.txt unixpracs/
cp_ex1.dox dir1bkp/ empdatt ex3.doc temp_bkup/ test.txt
cust.dat dir6/ ex1.dox exp.dat test/ trans.doc
 deptgr_wise dirr2/ ex2.doc file1 test1.txt unixbkup/
4. List the files in reverse ASCII collating sequence.

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -r
unixpracs test2.txt staff ex33.doc empdata dir1 cat_test2
unixprac test2.text file1.doc ex2.docc emp1 dept_wise cat_test
unixbkup test1.txt file1 ex2.doc dirr2 deptgr_wise
trans.doc test exp.dat ex1.dox dir6 cust.dat
test.txt temp_bkup ex3.doc empdatt dir1bkp cp_ex1.dox

5. Give the command to list all files and subdirectories in a directory

tree.

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -R
.:
cat_test dept_wise emp1 ex2.docc file1.doc test2.text unixprac
cat_test2 dir1 empdata ex33.doc staff test2.txt unixpracs
cp_ex1.dox dir1bkp empdatt ex3.doc temp_bkup test.txt
cust.dat dir6 ex1.dox exp.dat test trans.doc
deptgr_wise dirr2 ex2.doc file1 test1.txt unixbkup

./dir1:
dir1bkp file1.doc file2.doc

./dir1/dir1bkp:
file2.doc

./dir1bkp:
file2.doc
./dir6:

./dirr2:
dir11bkup file11

./dirr2/dir11bkup:

./staff:

./temp_bkup:

./test:
mufile myfile myfiles

./unixbkup:
ex1.dox ex3.doc unixprac unixpracc

./unixbkup/unixprac:

./unixbkup/unixpracc:

./unixprac:

./unixpracs:
ex1.doc ex1.docc ex33.doc ex4 ex4.doc file11.doc

6. List the contents of specific directories

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls dir1

dir1bkp file1.doc file2.doc
 7. List the attributes of directories only.

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -ld

drwx------. 14 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:08 .

8. Give the command to list the attributes of file.

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -f
cp_ex1.dox test1.txt ex1.dox test2.txt cat_test exp.dat
test.txt dept_wise ex2.doc empdatt temp_bkup unixbkup
ex3.doc .bash_history .bash_logout unixpracs . file1.doc
unixprac empdata .gnome2 deptgr_wise dir1 ex2.docc
staff dirr2 .bashrc cat_test2 ex33.doc ..
.mozilla dir1bkp trans.doc test2.text dir6
emp1 .bash_profile cust.dat file1 test
[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -lf
cp_ex1.dox test1.txt ex1.dox test2.txt cat_test exp.dat
test.txt dept_wise ex2.doc empdatt temp_bkup unixbkup
ex3.doc .bash_history .bash_logout unixpracs . file1.doc
unixprac empdata .gnome2 deptgr_wise dir1 ex2.docc
staff dirr2 .bashrc cat_test2 ex33.doc ..
.mozilla dir1bkp trans.doc test2.text dir6
emp1 .bash_profile cust.dat file1 test

9. Give the command to list the files /directories according to the modification
time. What is the difference between this command and ls l command.

LONG LISTING:
[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -l
total 120
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 15 Jan 31 16:00 cat_test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 0 Jan 7 13:21 cat_test2
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 10 Jan 31 16:05 cp_ex1.dox
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 68 Jan 31 14:52 cust.dat
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:38 deptgr_wise
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:31 dept_wise
drwxrwxr-x. 3 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:03 dir1
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Dec 20 13:47 dir1bkp
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Dec 20 13:52 dir6
drwxrwxr-x. 3 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:59 dirr2
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 290 Jan 31 15:24 emp1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:28 empdata
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:50 empdatt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 10 Jan 31 16:05 ex1.dox
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 18 Jan 31 16:14 ex2.doc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 20 Jan 7 13:54 ex2.docc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 28 Jan 12 16:40 ex33.doc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 12 Jan 31 16:24 ex3.doc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:44 exp.dat
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 113 Jan 31 13:33 file1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 24 Dec 20 13:45 file1.doc
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Dec 17 16:59 staff
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:49 temp_bkup
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Nov 23 17:02 test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 29 Jan 31 15:54 test1.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 0 Jan 5 16:21 test2.text
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 55 Jan 31 15:55 test2.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 25 Jan 7 13:31 test.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 132 Jan 31 14:40 trans.doc
drwxrwxr-x. 4 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 12 16:40 unixbkup
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:21 unixprac
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:43 unixpracs

LONG LISTING OF TIME:

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -lt

total 120
drwxrwxr-x. 3 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:03 dir1
drwxrwxr-x. 3 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:59 dirr2
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:49 temp_bkup
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:43 unixpracs
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 12 Jan 31 16:24 ex3.doc
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:21 unixprac
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 18 Jan 31 16:14 ex2.doc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 10 Jan 31 16:05 cp_ex1.dox
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 10 Jan 31 16:05 ex1.dox
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 15 Jan 31 16:00 cat_test
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 55 Jan 31 15:55 test2.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 29 Jan 31 15:54 test1.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:50 empdatt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:44 exp.dat
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:38 deptgr_wise
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:31 dept_wise
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:28 empdata
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 290 Jan 31 15:24 emp1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 68 Jan 31 14:52 cust.dat
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 132 Jan 31 14:40 trans.doc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 113 Jan 31 13:33 file1
drwxrwxr-x. 4 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 12 16:40 unixbkup
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 28 Jan 12 16:40 ex33.doc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 20 Jan 7 13:54 ex2.docc
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 25 Jan 7 13:31 test.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 0 Jan 7 13:21 cat_test2
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 0 Jan 5 16:21 test2.text
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Dec 20 13:52 dir6
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Dec 20 13:47 dir1bkp
-rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 24 Dec 20 13:45 file1.doc
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Dec 17 16:59 staff
drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Nov 23 17:02 test
[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -t
dir1 unixprac test2.txt dept_wise file1 cat_test2 staff
dirr2 ex2.doc test1.txt empdata unixbkup test2.text test
temp_bkup cp_ex1.dox empdatt emp1 ex33.doc dir6
unixpracs ex1.dox exp.dat cust.dat ex2.docc dir1bkp
ex3.doc cat_test deptgr_wise trans.doc test.txt file1.doc

10. Give the command to list the files in the order of access time,
command to display the inode number of the file

[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$ ls -lui

total 120
14155863 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 15 Jan 31 16:00 cat_test
14155864 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 0 Jan 7 13:21 cat_test2
14155866 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 10 Jan 31 16:06 cp_ex1.dox
14155887 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 68 Jan 31 14:52 cust.dat
14155890 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:38 deptgr_wise
14155889 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:31 dept_wise
14155837 drwxrwxr-x. 3 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 dir1
14155842 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 dir1bkp
14155844 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 dir6
14155896 drwxrwxr-x. 3 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:59 dirr2
14155885 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 290 Jan 31 15:20 emp1
14155888 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:28 empdata
14155892 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:50 empdatt
14155865 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 10 Jan 31 16:05 ex1.dox
14155870 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 18 Jan 7 13:48 ex2.doc
14155872 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 20 Jan 7 13:53 ex2.docc
14155882 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 28 Jan 12 16:39 ex33.doc
14155879 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 12 Jan 12 16:31 ex3.doc
14155891 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 338 Jan 31 15:44 exp.dat
14155884 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 113 Jan 31 13:33 file1
14155841 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 24 Dec 20 13:45 file1.doc
14155836 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 staff
14155895 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 temp_bkup
14155812 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 test
14155893 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 29 Jan 31 15:54 test1.txt
14155858 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 0 Jan 7 13:18 test2.text
14155894 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 55 Jan 31 15:55 test2.txt
14155867 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 25 Jan 7 13:32 test.txt
14155886 -rw-rw-r--. 1 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 132 Jan 31 14:41 trans.doc
14155868 drwxrwxr-x. 4 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 17:25 unixbkup
14155898 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:42 unixprac
14155881 drwxrwxr-x. 2 16pcsa504 16pcsa504 4096 Jan 31 16:43 unixpracs
[16pcsa504@linuxserver ~]$