Designation: A 475 03

Standard Specification for

Zinc-Coated Steel Wire Strand1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* the wires in the strand, the minimum breaking strength of the
1.1 This specification covers five grades of zinc-coated, strand (see Section 7), and the class of coating (see Section 10).
steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, 4. Ordering Information
with four weights of zinc coatings, suitable for use as guys,
messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes. 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
1.2 The five grades covered are as follows: the following information:
1.2.1 Utilities, 4.1.1 Quantity of strand in feet,
1.2.2 Common, 4.1.2 Nominal strand diameter, number of wires, grade, and
1.2.3 Siemens-Martin, minimum breaking strength of strand (Section 7 and Table 1),
1.2.4 High-Strength, and 4.1.3 Weight (class) of zinc coating (Section 10 and Table
1.2.5 Extra High-Strength. 2),
1.2.6 Minimum breaking strengths of strand for each grade 4.1.4 Length of strand in coils or on reels (Section 18), and
are described in Section 7. 4.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue.
1.3 The four weights of zinc coatings are: Class 1 and 5. Materials and Manufacture
Classes A, B, and C. Minimum weights of zinc coatings are
described in Section 10. 5.1 The base metal shall be steel made by any commercially
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded accepted steel making process and of such quality and purity
as the standard. The values given in brackets are for informa- that, when drawn to the size of wire specified and coated with

--``,,,,``,```,`````,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
tion only. zinc, the finished strand and the individual wires shall be of
uniform quality and have the properties and characteristics as
2. Referenced Documents prescribed in this specification.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 5.2 The slab zinc, when used for the coating, shall be any
A 90/A 90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on grade of zinc conforming to Specification B 6.
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zonc-Alloy Coatings 6. Stranding
A 902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-
ucts 6.1 Unless otherwise specified, strand shall have a left lay. A
B 6 Specification for Zinc left lay is defined as a counter-clockwise twist away from the
observer. All wires shall be stranded with uniform tension.
3. Terminology Stranding shall be sufficiently close to ensure no appreciable
3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this stan- reduction in diameter when stressed to 10 % of the minimum
dard, refer to Terminology A 902. breaking strength.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 6.2 The 3-wire strand shall consist of three wires concen-
3.2.1 strandthe designation of the finished strand shall be trically twisted with a uniform pitch of not less than 14 nor
expressed as the nominal diameter of the strand, the number of more than 203 the specified nominal diameter of the strand.
6.3 The 7-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it with a uniform pitch
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on of not more than 163 the specified nominal diameter of the
Metallic Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of
strand.
Subcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.
Current edition approved October 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally 6.4 The 19-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 475 - 98. 6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it, having a right lay
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or and a uniform pitch of not more than 163 the nominal
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
diameter of this 7-wire core. The nominal diameter of this
the ASTM website. 7-wire core shall be considered to be 33 the nominal diameter

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Zinc-Coated Steel Wire Strand

NOTE 1The numbers in boldface type indicate sizes and grades most commonly used and readily available. --``,,,,``,```,`````,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Nominal Number Nominal Approximate

Diameter of Wires Diameter Weight of
of Strand, in Strand of Coated Strand,
Minimum Breaking Strength of Strand, lbf [kN]
in. [mm] Wires in lb/1000
Strand, ft [kg/
in. [mm] km]
Utilities GradeA Common Siemens- High- Extra High-
Grade Martin Strength Strength
Grade Grade Grade
18 [3.18] 7 0.041 [1.04] 32 [48] ... 540 [2.402] 910 [4.048] 1 330 [5.916] 1 830 [8.140]

5 32 [3.97] 7 0.052 [1.32] 51 [76] ... 870 [3.870] 1 470 [6.539] 2 140 [9.519] 2 940 [13.078]

3 16 [4.76] 7 0.062 [1.57] 73 [109] ... 1 150 [5.115] 1 900 [8.452] 2 850 [12.677] 3 990 [17.748]
316 [4.76] 7 0.065 [1.65] 80 [119] 2 400 [10.676] (1)B ... ... ... ...
732 [5.56] 3 0.104 [2.64] 88 [131] ... 1 400 [6.228] 2 340 [10.409] 3 500 [15.569] 4 900 [21.796]
732 [5.56] 7 0.072 [1.83] 98 [146] ... 1 540 [6.850] 2 560 [11.387] 3 850 [17.126] 5 400 [24.020]

14 [6.35] 3 0.120 [3.05] 117 [174] 3 150 [14.012] (2)B 1 860 [8.274] 3 040 [13.523] 4 730 [21.040] 6 740 [29.981]

14 [6.35] 3 0.120 [3.05] 117 [174] 4 500 [20.017] (3)B ... ... ... ...
14 [6.35] 7 0.080 [2.03] 121 [180] ... 1 900 [8.452] 3 150 [14.012] 4 750 [21.129] 6 650 [29.581]
932 [7.14] 3 0.130 [3.30] 137 [204] ... 2 080 [9.252] 3 380 [15.035] 5 260 [23.398] 7 500 [33.362]
932 [7.14] 7 0.093 [2.36] 164 [244] 4 600 [20.462] (1)B 2 570 [11.432] 4 250 [18.905] 6 400 [28.469] 8 950 [39.812]
516 [7.94] 3 0.145 [3.68] 171 [255] 6 500 [28.913] (3)B 2 490 [11.076] 4 090 [18.193] 6 350 [28.246] 9 100 [40.479]

5 16 [7.94] 7 0.104 [2.64] 205 [305] ... 3 200 [14.234] 5 350 [23.798] 8 000 [35.586] 11 200 [49.820]

5 16 [7.94] 7 0.109 [2.77] 225 [335] 6 000 [26.689] (1)B ... ... ... ...

A 475 03
38 [9.52] 3 0.165 [4.19] 220 [328] 8 500 [37.810] (3)B 3 330 [14.813] 5 560 [24.732] 8 360 [37.187] 11 800 [52.489]
2

38 [9.52] 7 0.120 [3.05] 273 [407] 11 500 [51.155] (4)B 4 250 [18.905] 6 950 [30.915] 10 800 [48.040] 15 400 [68.503]
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7 16 [11.11] 7 0.145 [3.68] 399 [595] 18 000 [80.068] (4)B 5 700 [25.355] 9 350 [41.591] 14 500 [64.499] 20 800 [92.523]

12 [12.70] 7 0.165 [4.19] 517 [770] 25 000 [111.206] (4)B 7 400 [32.917] 12 100 [53.823] 18 800 [83.627] 26 900 [119.657]
12 [12.70] 19 0.100 [2.54] 504 [751] ... 7 620 [33.895] 12 700 [56.492] 19 100 [84.961] 26 700 [118.768]

9 16 [14.29] 7 0.188 [4.78] 671 [1000] ... 9 600 [42.703] 15 700 [69.837] 24 500 [108.981] 35 000 [155.688]

9 16 [14.29] 19 0.113 [2.87] 637 [949] ... 9 640 [42.881] 16 100 [71.616] 24 100 [107.202] 33 700 [149.905]
58 [15.88] 7 0.207 [5.26] 813 [1211] ... 11 600 [51.599] 19 100 [84.961] 29 600 [131.667] 42 400 [188.605]

58 [15.88] 19 0.125 [3.18] 796 [1186] ... 11 000 [48.930] 18 100 [80.513] 28 100 [124.995] 40 200 [178.819]

34 [19.05] 19 0.150 [3.81] 1 155 [1721] ... 16 000 [71.172] 26 200 [116.543] 40 800 [181.487] 58 300 [259.331]
78 [22.22] 19 0.177 [4.50] 1 581 [2356] ... 21 900 [97.416] 35 900 [159.691] 55 800 [248.211] 79 700 [354.523]
1 [25.40] 19 0.200 [5.08] 2 073 [3089] ... 28 700 [127.664] 47 000 [209.066] 73 200 [325.610] 104 500 [464.839]
1 [25.40] 37 0.143 [3.63] 2 057 [3065] ... 28 300 [125.885] 46 200 [205.508] 71 900 [319.827] 102 700 [456.832]

118 [28.58] 37 0.161 [4.09] 2 691 [4010] ... 36 000 [160.136] 58 900 [262.000] 91 600 [407.457] 130 800 [581.827]
114 [31.75] 37 0.179 [4.55] 3 248 [4840] ... 44 600 [198.391] 73 000 [324.720] 113 600 [505.318] 162 200 [721.502]
A
The utilities grade is used principally by communication and power and light industries.
B
Refer to elongation requirements specified in Section 8.
 A 475 03
TABLE 2 Nominal Diameters and Minimum Weights of Coating 7. Breaking Strength and Weight
for Zinc-Coated Steel WiresA
7.1 The approximate weight per unit length of strand and
Nominal Diam- Minimum Weight of Coating, oz/ft2 [g/m2] of Uncoated Wire
eter of Coated Surface
the minimum breaking strength of the finished strand shall be
Wire in the as specified in Table 1.
Strand, in. Class 1B Class AC Class BD Class CD 7.2 A test in which the breaking strength is below the
[mm]
minimum specified and which may have been caused by the
0.041 [1.04] 0.15 [46] 0.40 [122] 0.80 [244] 1.20 [366]
0.052 [1.32] 0.15 [46] 0.40 [122] 0.80 [244] 1.20 [366]
slipping of the specimen in the jaws of the testing machine, by
0.062 [1.57] 0.15 [46] 0.50 [153] 1.00 [305] 1.50 [458] breaking within the jaws or within 1 in. [25.4 mm] of the jaws,
0.065 [1.65] 0.15 [46] 0.50 [153] 1.00 [305] 1.50 [458] or by the improper socketing of a specimen shall be disre-
0.072 [1.83] 0.15 [46] 0.50 [153] 1.00 [305] 1.50 [458]
garded and another sample from the same coil or reel shall be
0.080 [2.03] 0.30 [92] 0.60 [183] 1.20 [366] 1.80 [549] tested. Tests shall be made on lengths of strand that do not
0.093 [2.36] 0.30 [92] 0.70 [214] 1.40 [427] 2.10 [641] contain wire joints or splices.
0.100 [2.54] 0.30 [92] 0.70 [214] 1.40 [427] 2.10 [641]
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0.104 [2.64] 0.30 [92] 0.80 [244] 1.60 [488] 2.40 [732]
0.109 [2.77] 0.30 [92] 0.80 [244] 1.60 [488] 2.40 [732] 8. Elongation
8.1 The elongation of the strand in 24 in. [610 mm] shall be
0.113 [2.87] 0.30 [92] 0.80 [244] 1.60 [488] 2.40 [732]
0.120 [3.05] 0.30 [92] 0.85 [259] 1.70 [519] 2.55 [778] not less than that specified in Table 3.
0.125 [3.18] 0.30 [92] 0.85 [259] 1.70 [519] 2.55 [778] 8.2 The elongation shall be determined as the percent
0.130 [3.30] 0.30 [92] 0.85 [259] 1.70 [519] 2.55 [778] increase in separation between the jaws of the testing machine
0.143 [3.63] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824]
0.145 [3.68] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824] from the position after application of the initial load to the
position at the initial failure in the test specimen. The separa-
0.150 [3.81] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824] tion of the jaws of the testing machine shall be approximately
0.161 [4.09] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824]
0.165 [4.19] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824] 2 ft when under an initial load equal to 10 % of the required
0.177 [4.50] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824] minimum breaking strength of the strand. The elongation
0.179 [4.55] 0.40 [122] 0.90 [275] 1.80 [549] 2.70 [824] values shall be recorded only for specimens which break over
0.188 [4.78] 0.40 [122] 1.00 [305] 2.00 [610] 3.00 [915] 1 in. from the jaws of the testing machine. Additional samples
0.200 [5.08] 0.40 [122] 1.00 [305] 2.00 [610] 3.00 [915] shall be taken from the same coil or reel when the previous
0.207 [5.26] 0.40 [122] 1.00 [305] 2.00 [610] 3.00 [915]
tests are to be disregarded.
A
For intermediate sizes of wire in the strand, the weight designations are the 8.3 Elongation tests shall be made on lengths of strand
same as for the next finer size shown in this table.
B
Class 1 (formerly galvanized) coating applies to common grade of strand which do not contain wire joints or splices.
only.
C
Class A, extra galvanized and double galvanized are equivalent terms. 9. Ductility of Steel
D
Class A, Class B, and Class C coatings apply to all grades of strand.
9.1 The zinc-coated wire shall not fracture when wrapped at
a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix of at least 2
turns around a cylindrical mandrel. The mandrel diameter for
of the wires. A 12-wire outer layer, having a left lay shall be testing common and Siemens-Martin grade strand shall be
concentrically twisted over the 7-wire core and shall have a equal to the nominal diameter of the individual wires of the
uniform pitch of not more than 163 the specified nominal strand. The mandrel diameter for utilities, high-strength, and
diameter of the strand. extra high-strength grade strand, shall be equal to 33 the
6.5 The 37-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a nominal diameter of the individual wires of the strand.
6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it, having a left lay and
a uniform pitch of not more than 163 the nominal diameter of 10. Weight of Coating
this 7-wire inner core. The nominal diameter of this 7-wire 10.1 The weight of zinc coating shall not be less than that
inner core shall be considered to be 33 the nominal diameter specified in Table 2.
of the wire. An intermediate layer of 12 wires having a right lay 10.2 The weight of the zinc coating shall be determined by
shall be concentrically twisted over this 7-wire core and shall a stripping test in accordance with Test Method A 90/A 90M.
have a uniform pitch of not more than 163 the nominal
diameter of this 19-wire core. The nominal diameter of this 11. Adherence of Coating
19-wire core shall be considered as 53 the nominal diameter of 11.1 The zinc-coated wire shall be capable of being
the wires. An 18-wire outer layer, having a left lay shall be wrapped at a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix
concentrically twisted over the 19-wire core and shall have a
uniform pitch of not more than 163 the specified nominal TABLE 3 Elongation Requirements for Grades of Strand
diameter of the strand. Grade of Strand Elongation in 24
6.6 All wires in the strand shall lie naturally in their true in. [610 mm],
min, %
positions in the completed strand and, when the strand is cut,
the ends shall remain in position or be readily replaced by hand Utilities Grade (1)A and Common Strand 10
Utilities Grade (2)A and Siemens-Martin 8
and then remain in position. This may be accomplished by any Utilities Grade (3)A and High-Strength 5
means or process, such as preforming, post forming, or form Utilities Grade (4)A and Extra High-Strength 4
setting. A
See Table 1, Footnote B.

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 A 475 03
of at least two turns around a cylindrical mandrel equal to 33 15. Sampling
the nominal diameter of the wire under test, without cracking 15.1 Sampling for determination of compliance to this
or delaminating the zinc coating to such an extent that any zinc specification shall be performed on each lot of material. A lot
can be removed by rubbing with the bare fingers. Loosening or shall consist of all the strand of one size and one grade in each
detachment during the adhesion test of superficial small shipment. The number of samples to be taken shall be as
particles of zinc formed by mechanical polishing of the surface follows:
of zinc-coated wire shall not be considered cause for rejection. Number of
Samples
12. Joints and Splices 5000 ft [1524 m] or less 1
12.1 Electric-welded butt joints made prior to the start of Over 5000 to 30 000 ft [1524 to 9144 m] 2
Over 30 000 to 150 000 ft [9144 to 45 720 m] 3
cold drawing of the wire are permitted; however, no electric- Over 150 000 ft [45 720 m] 4
welded butt joints shall be made during the cold drawing
operation. Electric-welded butt joints of the wire shall be 15.2 Each sample taken shall be subjected to all tests
permitted only as specified in 12.2. prescribed in Sections 6, 7, and 8.
12.2 In 3-wire strand, there shall be no joints made in the 15.3 In addition to the strand testing in 15.2, the individual
individual finished wire. In 7-wire strand, joints made in wires shall be tested. The number of individual wires to be
individual finished wires shall be acceptable provided there is selected from each sample of strand and tested to determine
not more than one joint in any 150-ft [45.7-m] section of the compliance with Sections 9, 10, 11, and 13 shall be as follows:
completed strand and the location of each joint is marked on
the strand with paint or some other distinguishing mark. 3-wire strand3 wires
Factory joints made in the individual finished wires of 19 and 7-wire strand4 wires
37-wire strand shall be kept well spaced and at a minimum in 19-wire strand3 wires from each layer (total of 6 wires)
number. 37-wire strand3 wires from each layer (total of 9 wires)
12.3 Joints in the wires composing the strand shall be either 15.3.1 Individual wire samples selected for compliance to
the brazed-lap type or electric-butt-welded type. When the Section 13 shall be discarded if any distortion of the wire
brazed type of joint is used, the length of the lap shall be not occurred during the stranding operation.
less than 33 the diameter of the wire and the overlapping faces 15.4 Instead of testing the wires from the completed strand
shall be smooth, clean, properly fluxed, and completely cov- in accordance with 15.3, the producer may elect to establish
ered by the brazing metal. When the electric-welded type of compliance with Sections 9, 10, 11, and 13 of this specification
joint is used, care shall be taken to prevent injury to the wire by tests made on the wires prior to stranding, unless otherwise
during electric-butt welding. All joints shall be well made and stipulated by the purchaser. However, if the producer makes
shall be coated with zinc after completion so that the joints this election, the purchaser still reserves the right to test wires
shall have protection from corrosion equivalent to that of the from the completed strand for compliance.
zinc-coated wire itself.
12.4 There shall be no strand joints or strand splices in any 16. Inspection
length of the completed strand unless specifically permitted by 16.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-
the purchaser. ing the purchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
13. Permissible Variations in Size material is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-
tion. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of
13.1 The diameter of the zinc-coated wire forming the
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and
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strand specified in Table 1 shall be within the limits prescribed

shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
in Table 4.
operation of the works.
14. Workmanship
17. Rejection
14.1 The zinc-coated wire shall be free of imperfections not
consistent with good commercial practice. The coating shall be 17.1 If the wire or strand fails in the first test to meet any
continuous and reasonably uniform. requirement of this specification, two additional tests shall be
made on samples of wire or strand from the same coil or reel.
TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Diameter of Individual Zinc- If failure occurs in either of these tests, the lot of wire or strand
Coated WiresA shall be rejected.
Nominal Diameter of Coated Wires Permissible Variations,
in the Strand, in. [mm] 6in. [mm] 18. Packaging and Package Marking
0.041 to 0.060 [1.04 to 1.52] 0.002 [0.05] 18.1 Wire strand shall be furnished in standard lengths (see
0.061 to 0.090 [1.55 to 2.29] 0.003 [0.08] 18.1.1) and in compact coils or on reels (see 18.1.2) as
0.091 to 0.120 [2.31 to 3.05] 0.004 [0.10]
0.121 and over [3.07 and over] 0.005 [0.13] specified by the purchaser; otherwise lengths shall be as agreed
A
It is recognized that the surfaces of heavy zinc coatings, particularly those upon at the time of purchase. Only one length of strand shall be
produced by hot galvanizing, are not perfectly smooth and devoid of irregularities. furnished in each coil or on each reel. Lengths of strand may
If the tolerances shown in Table 4 are rigidly applied to such irregularities that are vary between the standard (nominal) length and 10 % over the
inherent to the product, unjustified rejections of wire that would actually be
satisfactory for use could occur. Therefore, it is intended that these tolerances be standard (nominal) length, unless otherwise specified by the
used in gaging the uniform areas of the galvanized wire. purchaser.

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 A 475 03
18.1.1 Standard lengths of strand are as follows: 250, 500, eter, number of wires, grade of the strand, class of coating,
1000, 2500, and 5000 ft [76, 152, 304, 760, and 1520 m]. ASTM Specification A 475, and the name or mark of the
18.1.2 Standard practice is to furnish all strand 716 in. [11.11 manufacturer. If additional information is required on the tag,
mm] and over in diameter on reels in lengths of 1000 ft [304 it shall be so specified at the time of purchase.
m] and over. Strand lengths of less than 1000 ft are regularly
furnished in coils. 19. Keywords
18.2 Each coil or reel shall have a strong weather-resistant
tag securely fastened to it showing the length, nominal diam- 19.1 steel wire strand; wire; zinc-coated steel wire strand

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A 475 - 98)
that may impact the use of this standard.

A 475 - 03: cially accepted steel making process.

(1) Renumbered sections to meet Form and Style requirements. (6) Incorporated Note 1 into paragraph 15.3.1.
(2) Editorial changes were made in paragraphs 2.1, 3.2.1, 4.1.3, (7) Incorporated Note 2 into paragraph 11.1.
7.1, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 18.2, Section 17, and Table 1. (8) Changed Section 14 from Finish to Workmanship.
(3) Changed Type 1 to Class 1 in paragraph 1.3 and Table 2 (9) Changed kg/304.8m to kg/km in Column 4 heading
(4) Added paragraph 4.1.5. and changed the metric values in Column 4 in Table 1.
(5) Changed base metal in paragraph 5.1 to any commer- (10) Added Summary of Changes section.

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