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Decanter Design

1. The document describes the specifications and calculations for a continuous gravity decanter used to separate glycerol from biodiesel product. 2. Key calculations include determining component densities and viscosities at 40°C, mixture properties, liquid layer densities, decanter residence time of 55 minutes, volume of 3425 cubic feet, tank diameter of 6 feet, shell thickness of 3/16 inch, and head thickness of 1/4 inch. 3. The decanter length is determined to be 13.5 inches based on calculated dimensions and standard values from design references.

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Jamil Hyt
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169 views6 pages

Decanter Design

1. The document describes the specifications and calculations for a continuous gravity decanter used to separate glycerol from biodiesel product. 2. Key calculations include determining component densities and viscosities at 40°C, mixture properties, liquid layer densities, decanter residence time of 55 minutes, volume of 3425 cubic feet, tank diameter of 6 feet, shell thickness of 3/16 inch, and head thickness of 1/4 inch. 3. The decanter length is determined to be 13.5 inches based on calculated dimensions and standard values from design references.

Uploaded by

Jamil Hyt
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Decanter

Kode : DC-01
Fungsi : Memisahkan gliserol dari produk biodiesel
Jenis : Continous Gravity Decanter
Bentuk : Silinder Horizontal
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-285 Grade C
a. Menghitung Densitas Komponen pada Suhu 40oC
n
T
1
Tc
(density) = AB (1)

dimana
(density) = saturated liquid density
A, B and n = regressions coefficients for chemical compound
T = temperature, K
Tc = critical temperature, K
(Yaws, 1999)

Densitas
Kompone
A B n Tc at 40oC
n
(g/mL)
0,3781
C6H5Cl 0,27648 0,29036 632,35 1,085364
8
C6H4Cl2 0,4188 0,26276 0,30788 648,75 1,247111
C6H6 0,3009 0,2677 0,2818 562,16 0,858013
H2O 0,3471 0,274 0,28571 647,13 1,013778
0,2212
NaCl 0,10591 0,37527 3400 1,928768
7
1,0239
FeCl3 0,3 0,28571 964,41 3,004041
5

b. Menghitung Viskositas Komponen pada Suhu 40oC


B
10 liquid A
T +CT+DT2 (2)
log

dimana
liquid = viscocity of liquid (centipoise, cp)
A,B,C and D = regression coefficients for chemical compound
T = Temperature, K
(Yaws, 1999)

Viscosity
Komponen A B C D
(cp)
C6H5Cl -7,4055 1181,5 1,4888x10-2 -1,3713x10-5 0,485
C6H4Cl2 -4,8717 823,4 9,1981x10-3 -8,653x10-6 0,617
C6H6 -6,6362 1196,7 1,2224x10-3 -9,9914x10-6 1,0823
H2O -10,2158 1792,5 1,7773x10-2 -1,2631x10-5 0,686
NaCl -1,2899 930,43 6,2336x10-12 -3,0767x10-15 48,163
FeCl3 -0,9169 1078,9 -7,6231810-5 1,1105x10-8 321,58

c. Menghitung Densitas dan Viskositas Campuran pada Suhu 40oC


F
Kompone xi
(Kg/jam Xi (cp) xi (cp) (g/mL)
n (g/ml)
)
0,05273422
C6H5Cl 375,1 0,085469 0,617 1,085364 0,092765
6
0,80067681
C6H4Cl2 3246,753 0,739792 1,0823 1,247111 0,922603
7
0,07810424
C6H6 706,761 0,16104 0,485 0,858013 0,138174
9
0,00541517
H2O 34,644 0,007894 0,686 1,013778 0,008003
5
1,64690443
NaCl 22,476 0,005121 321,58 1,928768 0,009878
6
0,03296657
FeCl3 3,004 0,000684 48,163 3,004041 0,002056
3
2,61680147
Total 4388,738 1,173478
5

d. Menghitung Densitas Lapisan Atas (Light Liquid/B)

F
Kompone xi
(Kg/jam xi (g/mL)
n (g/mL)
)
C6H5cl 375,1 0,086656 1,085364 0,094053
C6H4cl2 3246,753 0,750068 1,247111 0,935418
C6H6 706,761 0,163277 0,858013 0,140093
4328,614 1 1,169564
e. Menghitung Densitas Lapisan Bawah (Heavy Liquid/A)
F
Kompone xi
(Kg/jam xi
n (g/mL) (g/mL)
)
0,57620 1,01377 0,58414
H2O 34,644
9 8 8
0,37382 1,92876 0,72102
NaCl 22,476
7 8 7
0,04996 3,00404 0,15009
FeCl3 3,004
3 1 2
1,45526
Total 60,124
7

1. Menghitung waktu tinggal di dekanter


100
t= AB (3)

100 x 2,62
t= 1455,2671169,564

t = 0,916 h
t = 55 menit

2. Menghitung Volume Dekanter


kg
x jam
m jam
V= = Kg
L

Fv x t
V= campuran

(4)
campuran = 1,173478 g/mL = 1,17378 kg/L
4328,614 kg jam x 0,916
V= 1,173478

V = 3425,482 L = 120,970 ft3 = 28,728 bbl


Berdasarkan Appendix E Brownell dan Young hal 346 diambil kapasitas standar yang
mendekati yaitu 31 bbl, sehingga didapatkan ukuran dekanter
D = 6 ft = 72 in
L = 15 ft = 180 in

3. Tinggi Cairan dalam Dekanter (Dt)


Dt 2 L
V = 4

(5)
4 xV
2
Dt = x L

(6)
4 x 120,970
Dt2 = 3,14 x 15

Dt = 3,205 ft
ZT = Dt = 3,205 ft
ZB = jika interface terletak ditengah-tengah antar permukaan bejana dan
permukaan zat cair, maka
ZT 3,205
ZB = 2 = 2 = 1,603 ft

ZT ZB A
ZA = B + ZB (6)

(R.K Sinnot, 2005)


3,2051,603 1,455
Z2 = 1,170 + 1,603

Z2 = 2,891 ft

4. Tebal Shell Dekanter (ts)


Pr
ts = fE0,6 P + C (7)

P = 1,1 x P operasi = 1,1 x 14,7 psi = 16,17 psi


r = jari jari tangki = 36 in
f = allowable stress = 13750 psia
E = 0,85 (efisiensi pengelasan)
C = faktor korosi = 0,125
(Brownell dan Young, 1959)
16,17 x 36
ts = 13750 x 0,850,6 x 16,17 + 0,125

ts = 0,175
Maka digunakan tebal shell standar 3/16 in ( Appendix F Brownell dan Young).

5. Tebal Head
Prc W
th = 2 fE0,2 P +C (8)

OD = ID + 2 ts (9)
(Brownell dan Young, 1959)
OD = 72 + (2 x 0,1875) = 72,375 in
Diambil OD standar = 78 in
P = 1,1 x P operasi = 1,1 x 14,7 psi = 16,17 psi
f = allowable stress = 13750 psia
E = 0,85 (efisiensi pengelasan)
C = faktor korosi = 0,125
Dari tabel 5.7 Brownell dan Young untuk OD = 78 dan ts = 3/16 in didapatkan nilai r
dan icr
rc = 78
icr = 4,75
rc
w = 0,25 (3 + icr ) (9)

(Brownell dan Young, 1959)


78
w = 0,25 (3 + 4,75 )

w = 1,763
16,17 x 78 x 1,763
th = 2 x 13750 x 0,850,2 x 16,17 + 0,125

th = 0,22 in
Maka digunakan tebal head standar 1/4 in ( Appendix F Brownell dan Young)

6. Panjang atau Tinggi Dekanter


ID 72
a = 2 = 2 = 36 in
BC = rc icr = 78 4,75 = 73,25 in
AB = a icr = 36 4,75 = 31,25 in
b = rc (BC2 AB2)0,5
= 78 (73,252 31,252)0,5
= 11,75047 in
Dari Tabel 5.6 halaman Brownell dan Young untuk tebal head in diperoleh :
Sf = 1,5 2,5
Dipilih nilai sf 1,5
OA = th + b + sf
OA = 0,25 + 11,75047 + 1,5
OA = 13,5 in

Maka panjang dekanter adalah


Ldekanter = 2OA + L
= (2 x13,5) + 180
= 207 in

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