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Final-Experiment 4

Fractional distillation is more efficient than simple distillation for separating mixtures based on differences in boiling points. In fractional distillation, the mixture is heated to produce vapors that pass through a fractional column, increasing the path and surface area contacted by the vapors. This allows for better separation of components into the distillate compared to simple distillation without a column. An experiment was conducted to distill an alcoholic beverage using both simple and fractional distillation, with fractional distillation producing a distillate closer to the boiling point of ethanol and with less percent loss.

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Rizel Andrea Ramos
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145 views5 pages

Final-Experiment 4

Fractional distillation is more efficient than simple distillation for separating mixtures based on differences in boiling points. In fractional distillation, the mixture is heated to produce vapors that pass through a fractional column, increasing the path and surface area contacted by the vapors. This allows for better separation of components into the distillate compared to simple distillation without a column. An experiment was conducted to distill an alcoholic beverage using both simple and fractional distillation, with fractional distillation producing a distillate closer to the boiling point of ethanol and with less percent loss.

Uploaded by

Rizel Andrea Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Distillation of Alcoholic Beverages

Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espaa


Blvd, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines

Introduction

Distillation is the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected


when cooled separate from the original liquid. It's based on the different boiling point
or volatility values of the components. The technique may be used to separate
components of a mixture or to aid in purification. [1] Alcohols are important
industrially and commercially. Ethyl Alcohol, or ethanol (C2H5OH), is the type used
in the production of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is the intoxicating agent found in
beer, wine and liquor. Alcohol is a clear, volatile liquid that is highly soluble in water.
[2]

Types of distillation include simple distillation, fractional distillation, Steam Distillation


and Vacuum. In this experiment, Simple and fractional were used. Simple distillation
is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated.
Simple distillation can be used effectively to separate liquids that have at least fifty
degrees difference in their boiling points. As the liquid being distilled is heated, the
vapors that form will be richest in the component of the mixture that boils at the
lowest temperature. [3] Fractional distillation is a special type of distillation designed
to separate a mixture of two or more liquids that have different boiling points. The
process involves heating the mixture and partial condensation of the vapors along a
column (fractionating column), which is set up such that components with lower
boiling points pass through the column and are collected earlier than components
with higher boiling points.[4]

Another objective of this experiment is to compare the efficiency of simple and


fractional distillation.
Results and Discussion

Human error was committed that is why as shown in the table fractional

Volume(ml) Temperature(C) The volume of the residue and the distillate


SIMPLE FRACTIONAL must be first obtained to get the percentage
1st drop 34.8 71.4
0.5 of ethanol. As a result of successive
80.2 73.8
1.0 83.9 76.2 distillations, the vapors of more volatile
1.5 84.5 76.2
2.0 component will reach at the top, from there
86.7 76.5
2.5 86.8 77.1 they are taken into the condenser and
3.0 87.1 77.1
3.5 finally the substance is transferred to
88.7 77.6
4.0 89.8 77.5 container.
4.5 90.7 77.6
5.0 91.5 77.5 The vapor collected in the test tube is the
5.5 91.7 78.0
6.0 93.9 78.3 distillate. Residue is the remains in the set-
6.5 95.0 76.3 up that did not undergo the process of
7.0 74.4
7.5 78.1 evaporation and condensation, found in
8.0 91.7 distilling flask. A graduated cylinder was
8.5 91.7
9.0 94.8 used to measured the distilled and residue.
For simple and fractional, both residue measured the volume of 9.0ml The experimental
yielded 6.5ml for simple and 9.0ml for fractional.

The formula used to get the %ethanol of the alcoholic beverage is:

Simple:

Fractional:

The %loss is observed to determined which setup yielded better results, the formula
use is:
Based on the results, the is more sufficient because it has lower percent loss.

95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
1st drop 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SIMPLE DISTILLATION FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Figure 3 shows the


distillation curve, it is the graphical plot of temperature versus product (distillate)
volume for a distillation operation.

The temperature of the liquid increases until the boiling point is reached. The fact
that different substances have different boiling points allows the mixture to
separate.For simple distillation, As the liquid vaporizes and the vapor comes into
contact with the thermometer bulb, the temperature rises. By careful control of
temperature and by using columns designed to increase the surface area that the
distilling vapors come in contact with, it closely resemble the ideal curve, and thus
better separate the components of the mixture. This referred to as fractional
distillation. The apparatus for a fractional distillation is shown in the Figure 3 below.
is similar to the apparatus for a simple distillation with an extension called fractional
column, to increase the path the vapor has to travel. The larger the surface area
contacted by the vapor, the more efficient the column is in separating the
component.

Experimental

Figure1 SIMPLE DISTALLION Figure 2 FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

In a graduated cylinder, 25ml of Ginebra San Miguel was measured and placed in
distilling flask, with 2 pieces of boiling chips were added. The distillation flask was
attached to the setup. For fractional distillation setup, a fractional column is needed
and which shows the difference between the two. The water in the condenser flowed
gently. The distilling flask was heated until the first drop of the distillate reached the
receiver, the test tubes which were calibrated to 0.5 ml.
The temperature was recorded when the 0.5 ml mark was reached. It was stopped
when the temperature reading has reached 95-96 C. The volume of the residue and
distillate were recorded. After recording, the temperature versus volume graph was
plotted.
REFERENCES

1 distillation. (2016). In P. Lagasse, & Columbia University, The Columbia


encyclopedia. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

2 Pohorecky, L. and Brick, J., Pharmacology of Alcohol. The Pharmacology of


Ethanol, In: International Encyclopedia of Pharmacological Therapeutics:
Psychotropic Drugs of Abuse, Pergamon Press, pp. 189-254

3 Wired chemist (n.d.). Retrieved February 8, 2017 from distillation,

http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/instructional/laboratory- tutorials/distillation

4 Clark, Shove Robinson. 2007. Elements of Fractional Distillation. Blatter


Press. ISBN 978-1406700435

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