SMART WHEEL CHAIR
SYNOPSIS
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Mechanical Engineering)
Submitted By:
Name
(Registration No. )
Under the Guidance of:
Mr.
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College name
PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
JALANDHAR, INDIA
September 2016
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Proposed Model
3. References
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INTRODUCTION
The commercially available wheel chairs for amputees do not have
the functionality for climbing staircases. In our project, we have
designed a manually operated wheelchair that can travel on both
plane terrains and also in the staircases. In our project, instead of
using normal wheels we have used penta wheel. The steel rod is
penta shaped and each rod is equally inclined of 72 from each
other. At the time of climbing, one wheel that is the idle wheel will
be in contact with the ground and the another wheel will be in
contact with the stair. The motion takes place only when we pull
the wheel chair backwards towards the staircase. The main aim of
our project is to provide stability to the person who travels in the
wheel chair (i.e., a large support base and maintain the overall
centre of gravity as low as possible). The main aim of our project is
to afford this stair climbing facilities for middle class people. The
main drawback of electric powered stair climbing wheel chair is its
cost and weight. In our project, we tried to fabricate a low cost stair
climbing wheel chair that can be bought by a middle class people.
A novel approach is proposed in this paper to impart intelligence to
a low cost smart wheelchair based on embedded system. The
sensors give the perceiving power to the wheelchair and scientific
inference engine in the microcontroller gives the intelligent power
of decision making and its implementation to the wheelchair. This
approach is very effective as it does not involve the wastage of the
computational and working power of PC/Laptop, rather by using the
microcontroller based specific system we have saved the operating
power as well as the cost involved in designing. This paper
constitutes the circuit diagram of the proposed prototype of the
smart wheelchair with the algorithms for decision making, table of
comparison of features and the cost of the final product.
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PROPOSED MODEL
The proposed model (Fig.1)consists of four modules viz. the Sensing
module, the User Control module, the Scientific Inference module and
the Navigation and Alert module.
A. Sensing and Measuring module:
The purposed Sensing and Measuring module consists of three sub
module viz. Environment sensing, Physiology sensing, and Voice
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sensing sub modules. The Sensing part helps to determine the
different input data which are analyzed in Scientific Inference part
to determine the disease or mental distress state i.e. physiological
state to psychological state as well as the environmental conditions
to take the final decision for navigation and generation of alert
signal.
B. User Command module:
The user can direct/command the smart wheelchair for navigation
by Joystick, Touchpad or by Voice commands. Here Voice command
module is used for command purpose. The voice commands given
by user can be recognized by the HM2007 speech recognition
module.
It is to be noted that voice is used here in two modules. First to
determine the psychological state of the user under physiological
parameter, and Second to command the wheelchair for navigation.
C. Scientific Inference Engine module:
It is the most significant module that imparts actual intelligence to
the wheelchair. Scientific inference is an approach by which
theories are constructed and logically tested against the available
facts. Scientific Inference starts with theoretical statements and
tested against the
observations to derive the final conclusion. At every measured and
sensed value a limit of minimum or maximum is set; if the limit is
crossed then navigation as well as alert and alarm decision is taken
by infer in if-then-else conditions of particular situation. It may be
important to indicate here that the single parameter alone cannot
be able to infer correctly the psychological state of the user; so it
necessary to consider a combination of physiological states to
derive a final psychological state and to take the final decision.
D. Navigation and Alert Module:
Navigation and Alert module consists of two sub modules viz.
Navigation sub module and Alert sub module.
Navigation Sub module: It has Motor driver L293D IC which finally
execute the decision of the smart wheelchair by controlling the
direction of rotation of the motors attached with the wheels. L293D
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IC is actually an H-bridge circuit controlled directly by the
microcontroller
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REFERENCES
1. Giuseppe Quaglia, Walter Franco and Riccardo Oderio
(2011), Wheelchair, a Motorized Wheelchair with Stair
ClimbingAbility, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 46, No.
11, pp. 1601-1609.
2. Murray J Lawn and Takakazu Ishimatsu(2003), Modeling of a
Stair-Climbing Wheelchair Mechanism with High Single Step
Capability, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 323-332.
3. Wang H, Salatin B, Grindle G G, Ding D and Cooper R A
(2009), Real-Time Model Based Electrical Powered Wheelchair
Control, Medical Engineering & Amp. Physics, Vol. 31, No. 10,
pp. 1244-1254.
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