Stanton 1

Frankie Stanton

Mrs. DeBock

English 4 Honors

March 24, 2017

Essential Question: How do concussions affect athletes in the long term?

Working Thesis: Concussions negatively affect athletes in the long term.

Refined Thesis: Concussions negatively affect athletes with physically, mentally and

psychologically in the long term.

Annotated Bibliography II

Flynn, Simone I. "Concussions in Pro Sports: An Overview." Points of View Center Reference

Center. EBSCO Industries, Inc, 2017. Web.

Simone Flynns article describes an overview of concussions in professional sports. It

notes that concussions are a form of traumatic brain injury which lead for physicians to have a

strict concussion grading system. Simone defines some important terms such as dementia

pugilistica, post-concussion syndrome, second-impact syndrome etc... These terms could happen

in possible scenarios of repetitive concussions. The guidelines of sports leagues such as the

National Football League, Major League Baseball, and the National Hockey League are

described and explains how easy it is for these athletes to come upon one of these cases. Simone

exclaims how concussions are such a devastating injury and can lead to early retirement for some

professional athletes.
 Stanton 2

"Concussions in Pro Sports: Guide to Critical Analysis." Points of View Center Reference Center.

EBSCO Industries, 1 Mar. 2016. Web.

This article describes generally the offers of a guide to the issue of preventing

concussions in professional sports. It offers exercises to help the reader to distinguish between

fact and opinion with reference to the topic. This article lists and describes the symptoms to

concussions where you can have an idea if a professional athlete has suffered from a concussion.

It brings up how Major League Baseball has a seven-day disability for players who have possible

received a concussion. The League has become stricter on these rules and regulations because of

the effects this injury has on players in the long term. This article also points out that a

concussion can be suffered for longer than hours for days but up to years.

Walter, Andrew. "Counterpoint: Professional Sports Associations Should Protect Athletes from

Concussions." Points of View Center Reference Center. EBSCO Industries, Inc, 1 Mar.

2016. Web.

Andrew Walters article primarily presents an argument against the position that the

danger of concussions does not require changes in sports rules. He exclaims that the gameplay of

sports has led to more dangerous play, including in youth sports. The youth looks up to the

professionals resulting them to attempt to play at a higher level of action. A couple of

professional hockey players, Derek Boogaard and Bob Probert, have horrible health problems

and have been diagnosed CTE. Andrew goes in depth on how greater protection will help both

athletes and their sports. He also gives multiple examples of professional players who has

suffered traumatic concussions.

Miller, Steve, and Linda R. Collins. "Point: Increased Education and Awareness Will Reduce

Sports-Related Concussions." Points of View Center Reference Center. EBSCO

Industries, Inc, 16 Mar. 2016. Web.

Steve Millers and Linda R. Collinss article presents an argument for raising awareness

and increasing a more intelligent education resulting to sports-related concussions. They both

compare and contrast that rule changes in sports leagues that will not prevent head injuries and

what will prevent them, particularly those resulting in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Based on a survey, it is said that spectators find gameplay less interesting when major changes

are made to rules. Spectators do not want major changes to the rules, they want to keep it the

same and hold class but when forced to change, it is what it is.

Issitt, Micha. "Responsible Solutions to Concussion-Related Injuries." Points of View Center

Reference Center. EBSCO Industries, Inc, May 2014. Web.

Micha Issits article discusses the concussion-type sports injuries, which are head injuries

known as traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are many topics which include problems with

diagnosing TBI, chronic traumatic encephalopathy resulting from TBI, and the long term effects

of such head injury-relation complications for the National Football League (NFL). Micha goes

in depth about implications for professional sports and about how many law suits there has been

for concussions. There have been millions of dollars spend for law suits on concussions.

Depending on the situation, majority of them has loss unless the concussion was targeted out on

the player or planned.

"Sportsconcussion Concussion Prevention." Sportsconcussion. BIANJ All Rights Reserved,

n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2017.

This article talks how concussions can be prevented from playing high action sports.

Experts have agreed that the best way to prevent concussions are to play by the rules, try not to

alternate equipment, always scan the field, good sportsmanship, learn proper technique, etc

The article also goes in depth how education is key. Most concussions resolve with rest within a

week to ten days. However, 10% of concussions take longer to heal and some may have long-

term consequences. The healing process is so long for a traumatic concussion and repetitive

concussions can lead to early retirement in sports for athletes.