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3 Baglters
Thisdocumentprovidesbasicelements.
Fordetails,consultspecializedbooks!
3.1 Denion:
Bagltersarededusngdevicesusedinindustrialapplicaons.
Theyarecomposedofametalcasinginwhicharearrangedlterbagsthatwhentheyaretraversedbythegaswill
retaindust.
3.2 Constuon:
Thebaglterismainlycomposedof:
Alargemetalcasingwhichcanbemadeofseveralsecons.
Filtermedia,themostusedarethecylindricalbags.
Adustcolleconhopper
Adustremovalsystemwhichisthemostfrequentlyanendlessscrewsuchaselectrostacprecipitators.
Altermediacleaningsystem.
3.3 Dierenttypes:
Therearethreetypesofbagltersaccordingtotheircleaningmethod:
*lterswithmechanicalcleaning(shaker)
*lterswithcleaningbyreverseairow(reverseair)
*lterswithcleaningbypulsedair(pulsejet)
Thetrendtodayistouseratherlongvercalbags(>5m),withapulsedairltercleaningsystem,acaptureofthe
dustbytheexternalsideandwithanairowfromtheboomtothetop.
Today,thereverseairandpulsedairsystemsarethemostusedincementplants.
Operangdiagram(credit:IowaDepartmentofNaturalResources):
3.4 Principleofoperaon::
Thedustladengasentersthelterfromthetoporboomofthebox.
Thegasespassthroughthelterbagfromoutsidetoinside(outsideabsorpon)withaspeedofabout1,5m/sand
issuckedbythefanlocateddownstreamofthedustcollector.
Inanalternavesystem,thegascanalsopassthroughthelterbagsfromtheinsidetotheoutside(innerabsorpon).
Thenumberofinstalledbagsofcoursedependsonthegasowtobetreated.
Withmetherefore,itformsakindofcakearoundthedustlterbags.
Andthecakeofmaterialhelps,unlikewhatonemightthink,toimprovetheltraonbecauseitisporousandonly
extraneparclescanpassthrough.
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extraneparclescanpassthrough.
Thepressuredropacrosstheltraonsurfaceincreaseswiththedeposionofsolidsretainedandwhenit
reachesalimit,thegasowisinterruptedandthebagiscleanedandsendsthedustsintheboomoftherecovery
hopper.
Toavoidstoppingtheowofgastobetreatedduringthecleanupphase,thelterisusuallyperformedinseveral
sectors,eachofwhichbeingsubjecttothecleaningstepinrotaonwhiletheotherareinphaseofoperaon.
Dustsarenallycollectedinanendlessscrewandaresenteithertothenishedproduct,ortothebucketelevator
tobeprocessedagaininaseparator.
Ontheotherhand,cleanair(dusted)exitsthroughachimneyusinganinduceddrafan(oencentrifugal).
Below,wecanseethetwocaseswherethedustisabsorbedoutsideorinsideofthelterbag:
3.5 Filtraonmechanisms:
Thelteringisperformedbythecombinedeectofvemechanisms:
Gravity:
Onlyapplicabletothecoarserparcles.
Impactorinera:
Solidparclesentrainedbythegas,duetotheirmass,donotfollowthepathofthegaswhenitfollowsacurve
toavoidanobstaclebutgoontheobstacleitself(predominantforparcles>1micron).
Intercepon:
Thesolidparclesofthegasalongthepatharoundtheobstacleandlocatedatadistancelessthantheirradius
withrespecttotheobstacleareintercepted(mainlyparclesbetween0.2and1micron).
Brownianeect:
Veryneparcles,duetotheirBrownianmoon,maycollidewithothergasmolecules,deviatefromtheirpath
andmaytouchtheobstacle(mainlyforparcles<0.2m).
Electrostacforces:
Thepresenceofanelectrostacchargeontheparclesandtheltercanincreasethecaptureofthedust.
Theobstacleis,ofcourse,thelterbagcoatedofitscakeofmaterialalreadyintercepted.
Thediagrambelowillustratestheselteringmechanisms:
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ThisdrawingisinspiredbyKlingsporandVernon,1988.
Typicaldiagramofltereciencyasafunconofthe5forces:
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