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MicroelectronicsJournal27 (1996) 591-594
Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Limited
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
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ili i
Mixed-mode biquad
circuits
Ahmed M. Soliman
Electronicsand CommunicationsEngineeringDepartment, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
E-mail: [email protected]
Two new mixed-mode biquad circuits are given. Each In this research note two new realizations of the
circuit employs four current conveyors, two grounded
mixed-mode biquad filters are given. Each
capacitors and four resistors. The biquad circuits are
designed to be driven by currents and to realize highpass, biquad circuit employs four C C IIs and is
bandpass and lowpass voltage responses at three different capable of realizing the highpass, bandpass and
outputs. All the co0 and the Q passive and active sensitivities lowpass voltage responses at three alternative
are very low (~< 1). Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. outputs.
1. Introduction 2. The biquad circuits
ecently two new realizations of the The proposed circuits are based on using the
R Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN)
biquad [1] have been introduced in the literature
summer circuit of Fig. 1, which employs a C C II
and two resistors. This summer circuit is driven
[2]. The active element used is the current by the current source/i and the two voltages Va
conveyor (CC II) which is defined by the and Vb. The voltage 1/'1 is given by:
following matrix equation [3]:
Yl ~ K1 L[B1R3Va R3Vb IiI R4 (2)
ii lv i: ii o i][. (1)
Figure 2 represents the class I mixed-mode
biquad circuit in which the summer input Va
For positive K the C C II is defined as a non- is driven from the output of the first voltage
inverting C C II. O n the other hand, i f K is nega- integrator. The second summer input Vb is
tive the C C II is defined as an inverting CC II. In connected to the X terminal of a fourth C C II
the ideal case B -- ]K] = 1. Practically, B andKare acting as a voltage follower feeding-back V3 to
frequency dependent and for frequencies much the summer circuit. It is seen that the two
less than the f i ~ of the C C II, B and K are real capacitors as well as three of the four resistors
quantities of magnitudes slightly less than one. For employed are grounded. The mixed-mode
the commercially available C C II01, both B and K transfer functions (assuming B i 1) are given
=
have a fiau = 100MHz [4]. In analog signal by:
processing applications it may be desirable to have
active filters with input currents and output volta- Yl - K I R 4 s2
ges [5], defined here as mixed-mode filters. Ii - D(s) (3)
591
A.M. Soliman/Mixed-mode biquad circuits
va circuit are that KIK2K3 must be positive and
8
K1K2 must be negative. This implies that K3
Yx ( ~ z I vl
must be negative. The two possible sets of the
signs combinations of the CC IIs together with
the corresponding signs of the transfer functions
are given in Table 1.
R3 4
From eq. (6) and assuming IKil = 1, the COoand
Vb the Q of the filter are given by:
Fig. 1. The summercircuit. ~/ R4
mo = C1C2RIRzR3 (7)
- K I K 2 R 4$
V2 C1R1
(4)
Ii D(s) (8)
-K1K2K3R4
Q--V~
V3 C1C2R1R2 The to0 and the Q sensitivities to all resistors and
(5)
Ii D(s) capacitors are very small and equal to +0.5.
where
For a given coo and Q and in order to limit the
-K1K2R 4 KIK2K3R4
D(s) = S2 + s4 (6) resistors spread to Q the design equations are
C1R1R3 C1 C2R1R2R3 given by:
From the above equation it is seen that the
necessary conditions for the stability of the C1= C2 = C (9)
1 v~
ii, I~ o zt
'R 3 R4 :tzlc t:2
I
Fig. 2. The class I mixed-modebiquad circuit.
592
Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 27, No. 6
Y
x@ z
Iv, v2
i R3 R4
Z
: z v3
CI
Fig. 3. The class II mixed-mode biquad circuit.
T A B L E 1 T h e C C II polarity and the corresponding TABLE 2 The COoand the Q active sensitivities
transfer function signs
Biquad KI K2 K3 B] B2 B3 B4
Biquad Circuit CC II polarity Transfer function sign Circuit
Class Type Kl K: Ks HP BP LP '0 1 1 1 1 1 1
s~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~
Class I
A + + + Fig.2
[ Q 1 1 1 1 1 1
Fig.2 Sx 2 2 2 -1 2 2
B + +
",, 1 1 1 1 1 1
A + + s~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0
II Class II
Fig.3 Fig.3
B + + + o 1 1 1 I 1 1
S~ 2 2 2 2 2 2 -1
1
R1 = R3 - (10)
co0C
Figure 3 represents the class II biquad circuit.
1 In this case V3 is fedback to the summer
R2 = R4 -- - - (11) circuit at its Y terminal, whereas V2 is
QCOoC
connected to the Y terminal o f the fourth C C
Taking the effect o f non-ideal C C IIs into II. The C C II polarities are given in Table 1,
consideration it is seen that all the COoand the Q the design equations are the same as in the
active sensitivities have magnitudes ~< 1 as given class I biquad and the active sensitivities are
in Table 2. given in Table 2.
593
A.M. Soliman/Mixed-mode biquad circuits
References [3] A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, A second generation current
conveyor and its applications, IEEE Trans., CT-17
[1] W. Kerwin, L. Huelsman and R. Newcomb, State (1970) 132-134.
variable synthesis for insensitive integrated circuit [4] LTP Electronics, Current conveyor amplifier CC II
transfer functions, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, SC-2 01, Data sheet, 1.1-1.11.
(1967) 87-92. [5] J. Ramirez-Angulo, M. Robinson and E. Sanchez-
[2] A.M. Soliman, Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb circuit Sinencio, Current mode continuous time filters, IEEE
using current conveyors, Electron. Lett., 30 (1994) Trans., CAS-39 (1992) 337-341.
2019-2020.
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