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Data Acquisition System Design

This document provides an overview of data acquisition system design. It discusses the key components, including transducers that sense physical variables and convert them to electrical signals, signal conditioning circuits that prepare analog signals for analog to digital conversion, data acquisition hardware that performs analog to digital conversion and manages inputs/outputs, and computer software for processing, analyzing, storing and displaying the acquired data. The document describes functions like amplification, filtering, and isolation that are commonly performed during signal conditioning to optimize signals for data conversion and acquisition.

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abhishek
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140 views11 pages

Data Acquisition System Design

This document provides an overview of data acquisition system design. It discusses the key components, including transducers that sense physical variables and convert them to electrical signals, signal conditioning circuits that prepare analog signals for analog to digital conversion, data acquisition hardware that performs analog to digital conversion and manages inputs/outputs, and computer software for processing, analyzing, storing and displaying the acquired data. The document describes functions like amplification, filtering, and isolation that are commonly performed during signal conditioning to optimize signals for data conversion and acquisition.

Uploaded by

abhishek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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10/2/2016 DataAcquisitionSystemDesign

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DataAcquisition

RisanuriHidayat

PCbasedDataAcquisition
SystemOverview

Inthelastfewyears,industrialPCI/Ointerface
productshavebecomeincreasinglyreliable,ccurate
andaffordable.PCbaseddataacquisitionandcontrol
systemsarewidelyusedinindustrialandlaboratory
applicationslikemonitoring,control,dataacquisition
andautomatedtesting.
SelectingandbuildingaDA&C(DataAcquisition
andControl)systemthatactuallydoeswhatyouwant
ittodorequiressomeknowledgeofelectricaland
computerengineering.
Transducersandactuators
Signalconditioning
Dataacquisitionandcontrolhardware
Computersystemssoftware

DataAcquisitionSystem
IntroductionI

Adataacquisitionsystem
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10/2/2016 DataAcquisitionSystemDesign

consistsofmanycomponentsthat
areintegratedto:
Sensephysicalvariables(useof
transducers)
Conditiontheelectricalsignalto
makeitreadablebyanA/D
board
DataAcquisitionSystem
IntroductionII

Convertthesignalintoadigital
formatacceptablebya
computer
Process,analyze,store,and
displaytheacquireddatawith
thehelpofsoftware
DataAcquisitionSystem
BlockDiagram
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Transducers

Sensephysicalphenomenaand
translateitintoelectricsignal.

Displacement
Level
Electricsignals
ON/OFFswitch
Temperature

Pressure
Light
Force
TransducersandActuators

Atransducerconvertstemperature,pressure,level,
length,position,etc.intovoltage,current,frequency,
pulsesorothersignals.
Anactuatorisadevicethatactivatesprocesscontrol
equipmentbyusingpneumatic,hydraulicor
electricalpower.Forexample,avalveactuatoropens
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andclosesavalvetocontrolfluidrate.

SignalConditioning

Signalconditioningcircuitsimprovethequalityof
signalsgeneratedbytransducersbeforetheyare
convertedintodigitalsignalsbythePC'sdata
acquisitionhardware.
Examplesofsignalconditioningaresignalscaling,
amplification,linearization,coldjunction
compensation,filtering,attenuation,excitation,
commonmoderejection,andsoon.

SignalConditioning

Oneofthemostcommonsignalconditioning
functionsisamplification.
Formaximumresolution,thevoltagerangeofthe
inputsignalsshouldbeapproximatelyequaltothe
maximuminputrangeoftheA/Dconverter.
Amplificationexpandstherangeofthetransducer
signalssothattheymatchtheinputrangeoftheA/D
converter.Forexample,ax10amplifiermaps
transducersignalswhichrangefrom0to1Vintothe
range0to10VbeforetheygointotheA/D
converter.

SignalConditioning

Electricalsignalsare
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conditionedsotheycanbeused
byananaloginputboard.The
followingfeaturesmaybe
available:

Amplification
Isolation

Filtering
Linearization
DataAcquisition

Dataacquisitionandcontrol
hardwaregenerallyperformsoneor
moreofthefollowingfunctions:
analoginput,
analogoutput,
digitalinput,
digitaloutputand
counter/timerfunctions.

AnalogInputs(A/D)

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Analogtodigital(A/D)conversionchangesanalog
voltageorcurrentlevelsintodigitalinformation.The
conversionisnecessarytoenablethecomputerto
processorstorethesignals.

AnalogInputs(A/D)

ThemostsignificantcriteriawhenselectingA/D
hardwareare:
1.Numberofinputchannels
2.Singleendedordifferentialinputsignals
3.Samplingrate(insamplespersecond)
4.Resolution(usuallymeasuredinbitsof
resolution)
5.Inputrange(specifiedinfullscalevolts)
6.Noiseandnonlinearity

AnalogtoDigital(A/D)Converter

Inputsignal
Samplingrate
Throughput

Resolution
Range
Gain
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A/DConverter:
InputSignal

Analog
Signaliscontinuous
Example:straingage.Mostof
transducersproduceanalog
signals

Digital
SignaliseitherONorOFF
Example:lightswitch.
A/DConverter:
SamplingRate

Determineshowoftenconversionstakeplace.
Thehigherthesamplingrate,thebetter.

Analog
Input
4Samples/cycle
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8Samples/cycle
16Samples/cycle

A/DConverter:
SamplingRate

Aliasing.
Acquiredsignalgetsdistorted
ifsamplingrateistoosmall.
A/DConverter:
Throughput

Effectiverateofeachindividual
channelisinverselyproportional
tothenumberofchannels
sampled.
Example:
100KHzmaximum.
16channels.
100KHz/16=6.25KHzper
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channel.

A/DConverter:
Range

Minimumandmaximumvoltage
levelsthattheA/Dconverter
canquantize
Rangesareselectable
(eitherhardwareor
software)toaccurately
measurethesignal

A/DConverter:
Resolution
AnalogOutputs(D/A)

Theoppositeofanalogtodigitalconversionisdigital
toanalog(D/A)conversion.Thisoperationconverts
digitalinformationintoanalogvoltageorcurrent.
D/Adevicesallowthecomputertocontrolrealworld
events.
Analogoutputsignalsmaydirectlycontrolprocess
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equipment.Theprocesscangivefeedbackinthe
formofanaloginputsignals.Thisisreferredtoasa
closedloopcontrolsystemwithPIDcontrol.
Analogoutputscanalsobeusedtogenerate
waveforms.Inthiscase,thedevicebehavesasa
functiongenerator.

AnalogOutputs(D/A)
DataAcquisitionSoftware

Itcanbethemostcriticalfactorinobtaining
reliable,highperformanceoperation.
TransformsthePCandDAQhardwareintoa
completeDAQ,analysis,anddisplaysystem.
Differentalternatives:
Programmablesoftware.
Dataacquisitionsoftwarepackages.

ProgrammableSoftware

Involvestheuseofaprogramminglanguage,
suchas:
C++,visualC++
BASIC,VisualBasic+Addontools(suchas
VisuaLabwithVTX)
Fortran
Pascal
Advantage:flexibility
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Disadvantages:complexityandsteeplearning
curve

DataAcquisitionSoftware

Doesnotrequireprogramming.
Enablesdeveloperstodesign
thecustominstrumentbest
suitedtotheirapplication.
Examples:TestPoint,

SnapMaster,LabView,DADISP,
DASYLAB,etc.
DesigningaDAS:Factors
toConsider

Isitafixedoramobileapplication?
Typeofinput/outputsignal:digitaloranalog?
Frequencyofinputsignal?
Resolution,range,andgain?
Continuousoperation?
Compatibilitybetweenhardwareandsoftware.
Arethedriversavailable?
Overallprice.
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