UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
T.Y.B.Sc. MATHEMATICS Question Bank
Practicals Based on Paper 337 D
Practical No. 1
Curves in the plane and in space
1. Find the parametrisation of the following level curves.
(i) y 2 − x2 = 1
x2 y2
(ii) 4
+ 9
=1
2. Find the Cartesian equations of following parametrized curves.
(i) γ(t) = (cos2 (t), sin2 (t)).
(i) γ(t) = (et , t2 ).
3. Find the arc length along the cycloid
γ(t) = a(t − sin t, 1 − cos t)
corresponding to one complete revolution of the circle .
4. Show that the logarithmic spiral γ(t) = (et cos t, et sin t) is regular.
Also, find unit-speed reparametrisation of γ(t).
5. Find the tangent vector of astroid γ(t) = (cos3 t, sin3 t) at any
point on it. Determine the points at which tangent vector is zero.
1
Practical No. 2
How much does a curve curve?
1. Find the curvature of the following curves:
4 −3
(i) γ(t) = ( cos t, 1 − sin t, cos t).
5 5
(ii) γ(t) = (t, cosh t)
2. If γ is a unit - speed plane curve, then show that ṅs = −κs t.
(here κs denotes signed curvature ).
1 3
1 3
t
3. Find κ, τ, t, n, b for the curve γ(t) = ( (1 + t)2 , (1 − t)2 , √ ).
3 3 2
Also, verify Frenet - Serret equations.
1 + t2 1−t
4. Show that the curve γ(t) = ( , 1 + t, ) is planar .
t t
...
5. Show that along a curve x = x(s), x = −κ2 t + κ̇n + τ κb .
2
Practical No. 3
Global properties of curves
1. Show that the ellipse γ(t) = (a cos t, b sin t), where a and b are
positive constants, is a simple closed curve and compute the area
of its interior.
2. If γ(t) is a simple closed curve of period a, and t, ns , κs are its
unit tangent vector, signed unit normal and signed curvature,
respectively, then show that t(t + a) = t(t), ns (t + a) = ns (t),
κs (t + a) = κs (t).
3. Show that the limacon γ(t) = ((1 + 2 cos t) cos t, (1 + 2 cos t) sin t))
has only two vertices .
4. Show that the ellipse γ(t) = (a cos t, b sin t) is convex .
5. Show that the length L(γ) and the area A(γ) are unchanged by
applying an isometry to γ.
3
Practical No. 4
Surfaces in three dimensions
1. Show that the circular cylinder S = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x2 + y 2 = 1}
can be covered by a single surface patch, and so is a surface.
2. Show that the level surface
x2 y 2 z 2
+ 2 + 2 =1
a2 b c
where a, b, and c are non-zero constants, is a smooth surface .
3. Show that translations and invertible linear transformations of R3
take smooth surface to smooth surface .
4. Find the equation of the tangent plane of the following surface
patches at the indicated points:
(i) σ(u, v) = (u, v, u2 − v 2 ), (1, 1, 0);
(ii) σ(r, θ) = (r cosh θ, r sinh θ, r2 ), (1, 0, 1); .
5. Let S be the half cone x2 + y 2 = z 2 , z > 0. Define a map from the
half-plane {(0, y, z)|y > 0)} to S by f(0, y, z) == (ycosz, ysinz, y).
Show that f is a local diffeomorphism but not a diffeomorphism.
4
Practical No. 5
The first fundamental form
1. Calculate the first fundamental form of the following surfaces:
(i) σ(u, v) = (u − v, u + v, u2 + v 2 );
(ii) σ(u, v) = (cosh u, sinh u, v).
what kind of surfaces are these ?
2. Show that the circular cylinder σ(u, v) = (u cos v, u sin v, u) is
isometric to (part of) of xy-plane.
3. Show that Mercator’s parametrisation of the sphere σ(u, v) =
(sech u cos v, sech u sin v, tanh u) is conformal.
4. Determine the area of the part of the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 with
z ≤ 1 and compare with the area of the hemisphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 =
1, z ≤ 0.
5. Let σ(u, v) be a surface patch with standard unit normal N. Show
that
N × σu = √ v −F σu ,
Eσ
N × σv = √σv −Gσv .
F
EG−F 2 EG−F 2
5
Practical No. 6
Curvature of surfaces
1. Calculate the second fundamental form of the elliptic paraboloid
σ(u, v) = (u, v, u2 + v 2 ).
2. Compute the normal curvature of the circle γ(t) = (cos t, sin t, 1)
on the elliptic paraboloid σ(u, v) = (u, v, u2 + v 2 ).
3. Compute the Geodesic curvature of any circle on a sphere(not
necessarily a great circle) .
4. Compute the principal curvatures of the catenoid
σ(u, v) = (cosh u cos v, cosh u sin v, u).
5. Calculate the Gauss map G of the paraboloid S with the equation
z = x2 + y 2 .What is the image of G
