Pharmacology Hesi

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1. 1 A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is receiving 6. 1 A client is receiving antibiotics and antifungal medications
glyburide and asks the nurse how this drug works. What for the treatment of a recurring vaginal infection. What
mechanism of action does the nurse provide? should the nurse encourage the client to do to
1 Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin compensate for the effect of these medications?
2 Accelerates the liver's release of stored glycogen 1 Eat yogurt with active cultures daily.
3 Increases glucose transport across the cell membrane 2 Avoid spicy foods.
4 Lowers blood glucose in the absence of pancreatic 3 Drink more fruit juices.
function 4 Take a multivitamin every day
2. 1 A client with diabetes asks how exercise will affect insulin 7. 1 A client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is told that
and dietary needs. What information does the nurse share lifelong insulin will be needed. The client becomes
about insulin and exercise? agitated and says, "I am scared of shots. If that is my only
1 "Exercise increases the need for carbohydrates and option, I'll just have to go into a coma and die!" What is the
decreases the need for insulin." nurse's best response?
2 "Exercise increases the need for insulin and increases the 1 "Injections are not the only option available for insulin."
need for carbohydrates." 2 "It won't be so bad; you will get used to it if you will only
3 "Regular physical activity decreases the need for insulin try."
and decreases the need for carbohydrates." 3 "This is one of those times when you need to act like an
4 "Intensive physical activity decreases the need for adult."
carbohydrates but does not affect the need for insulin." 4 "Clients have the right to refuse treatment, but I need you
to sign this form that removes us from liability for your
3. 1 A client with tuberculosis is to begin combination therapy
decision."
with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin.
The client says, "I've never had to take so much medication 8. 1 A healthcare provider prescribes an antibiotic intravenous
for an infection before." How will the nurse respond? piggyback twice a day for a client with an infection. The
1 "This type of organism is difficult to destroy." healthcare provider prescribes peak and trough levels 48
2 "Streptomycin prevents side effects of the other drugs." and 72 hours after initiation of the therapy. The client asks
3 "You'll only need to take the medications for a couple of the nurse why there is a need for so many blood tests.
weeks." What reason does the nurse provide?
4 "Aggressive therapy is needed because the infection is 1 "They determine adequate dosage levels of the drug."
well advanced." 2 "They detect if you are having an allergic reaction to the
drug."
4. 1 A client is diagnosed with tuberculosis associated with
3 "The tests permit blood culture specimens to be
human immunodeficiency virus infection. What crucial
obtained when the drug is at its lowest level."
laboratory test results should the nurse review before
4 "These allow comparison of your fever to when the
antitubercular pharmacotherapy is started?
blood level of the antibiotic is at its highest."
1 Liver function studies
2 Pulmonary function studies 9. 1 A client will be taking nitrofurantoin 50 mg orally every
3 Electrocardiogram and echocardiogram evening at home to manage recurrent urinary tract
4 White blood cell (WBC) count and sedimentation rate infections. What instructions should the nurse give to the
client?
5. 1 A client with type 1 diabetes self-administers NPH insulin
1 Increase the intake of fluids.
every morning at 8 am. The nurse evaluates that the client
2 Strain the urine for crystals and stones.
understands the action of the insulin when the client
3 Stop the drug if urinary output increases.
identifies which time range as the highest risk for
4 Maintain the exact time schedule for taking the drug
hypoglycemia?
1. 2 pm to 8 pm 10. 1 A client who has been prescribed tetracycline continues
2. 8 pm to noon the course of treatment during the first trimester of
3. 9 am to 10 am pregnancy. Which teratogenic effect may occur in the
4. 10 am to 11 am fetus?
1 Bone anomalies
2 Central nervous system malformations
3 Facial malformations
4 Internal organ defects
11. 1 Which statement regarding treatment with interferon 16. 1,2,3,4,5 A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client
indicates that the client understands the nurse's with diabetes. In which order should the nurse
teaching? perform the actions associated with insulin
1 "I will drink 2 to 3 quarts (2 to 3 liters) of fluid a day." administration?
2 "Any reconstituted solution must be discarded in 1 Correct
week." 2. Rotate the vial of insulin between the palms of
3 "I can continue driving my car as long as I have the the hands.
stamina." 4 Instill air into the vial of insulin equal to the
4 "While taking this medicine I should be able to desired dose.
continue my usual activity." 3. Wipe the top of the insulin vial with an alcohol
swab.
12. 1 Loratadine, 10 mg by mouth once a day in the morning,
5. Withdraw the correct amount of insulin from the
is prescribed for a 15-year-old girl with hay fever. The
inverted vial.
girl tells the school nurse that she is concerned that
1. Wash hands with soap and water
she will be sleepy for a quiz the next day. How should
the nurse respond? 17. 1,2,4 A nurse is caring for a female client who is
1 By explaining that this medication rarely causes receiving rifampin for tuberculosis. Which
drowsiness statements indicate that the client understands the
2 By advising her to take half a tablet in the morning teaching about rifampin? Select all that apply
before school 1 "This drug may be hard on my liver so I must avoid
3 By suggesting that she skip the next day's dose if she alcoholic drinks while taking it."
can tolerate the hay fever 2 "This drug may reduce the effectiveness of the
4 By recommending that she call the allergist for a oral contraceptive I am taking."
prescription containing a stimulant 3 "I cannot take an antacid within 2 hours before
taking my medicine."
13. 1 A mother complains that her child's teeth have become
4 "My healthcare provider must be called
yellow in color. With prolonged use, which medication
immediately if my eyes and skin become yellow.
may be responsible for the child's condition?
1 Tetracycline 18. 1,2,5 In what ways can a nurse prevent medication
2 Promethazine errors? Select all that apply
3 Chloramphenicol 1 Avoid using abbreviations and acronyms
4 Fluoroquinolones 2 Minimize the use of verbal and telephone orders
3 Try to guess what the client is saying if the
14. 1 Which first line medication would the nurse state is
language is not understood
used to treat anaphylactic reactions?
4 Document each dose of the drug using trailing
1 Epinephrine
zeros when recording the dose
2 Norepinephrine
5 Check three times before giving a drug by
3 Dexamethasone
comparing the drug order and medication profile
4 Diphenhydramine
19. 1,3,2,4 A healthcare provider prescribes a medication to
15. 1,2,3 A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
be administered via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
receives a prescription for an H2 receptor antagonist.
for a young adult with asthma. List in order the
Which medications are within the classification of an H2
steps the nurse teaches the client to follow when
receptor antagonist? Select all that apply
using the inhaler.
1 Nizatidine
1. Shake the inhaler for 30 seconds.
2 Ranitidine
2. Hold the inhaler upright in the mouth.
3 Famotidine
3. Exhale slowly and deeply to empty the air from
4 Lansoprazole
the lungs.
5 Metoclopramide
4. Start breathing in and press down on the inhaler
once
20. 1,4 A nurse concludes that a client has a hypoglycemic
reaction to insulin. Which clinical findings support
this conclusion? Select all that apply
1 Irritability
2 Glycosuria
3 Dry, hot skin
4 Heart palpitations
5 Fruity odor of breath
21. 2 Which information should be included in the teaching plan 27. 2 A health care provider prescribes ranitidine for a client
for the elderly client with peptic ulcer disease who is with heartburn. During a teaching session, which
taking an antacid and sucralfate? information will the nurse share with the client about how
1 Antacids should be taken 30 minutes before a meal. this drug works?
2 Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach one 1 Ranitidine increases gastrointestinal peristalsis.
hour before meals. 2 Ranitidine reduces gastric acidity in the stomach.
3 Sucralfate is prescribed for the long-term maintenance 3 Ranitidine neutralizes the acid that is present in the
of peptic ulcer disease. stomach.
4 Sodium bicarbonate is an inexpensive over-the-counter 4 Ranitidine stops production of hydrochloric acid in the
antacid with few adverse effects stomach
22. 2 A nurse plans an evening snack of milk, crackers, and 28. 2 During a teaching session about insulin injections, a client
cheese for a client who is receiving NPH insulin. What is asks the nurse, "Why can't I take the insulin in pills instead
the purpose of this snack? of taking shots?" What is the nurse's best response?
1 Encouragement to stay on the diet 1 "Insulin cannot be manufactured in pill form."
2 Food to counteract late insulin activity 2 "Insulin is destroyed by gastric juices, rendering it
3 Added calories to promote weight gain ineffective."
4 High carbohydrates to provide nourishment for 3 "Your health care provider decides the route of
immediate use administration."
4 "Your health care provider will prescribe pills when you
23. 2 A health care provider prescribes psyllium 3.5 g twice a
are ready."
day for constipation. What is most important for the nurse
to teach this client? 29. 2 A client with type 1 diabetes requests information about
1 Urine may be discolored. the differences between penlike insulin delivery devices
2 Each dose should be taken with a full glass of water. and syringes. What information does the nurse provide
3 Use only when necessary because it can cause about the penlike devices?
dependence. 1 The penlike devices have a shorter injection time
4 Daily use may inhibit the absorption of some fat-soluble 2 Penlike devices provide a more accurate dose delivery.
vitamins 3 The penlike delivery system uses a smaller-gauge
needle.
24. 2 Daily regular insulin has been prescribed for a client with
4 Penlike devices cost less by having reusable insulin
type 1 diabetes. The nurse administers the insulin at 8 am.
cartridges
When should the nurse monitor the client for a potential
hypoglycemic reaction? 30. 2 A nurse is caring for several clients with type 1 diabetes,
1 At breakfast and they each have a prescription for a specific type of
2 Before lunch insulin. Which insulin does the nurse conclude has the
3 Before dinner fastest onset of action?
4 In the early afternoon 1 NPH insulin
2 Insulin lispro
25. 2 A 67-year-old client has tested positive for influenza A.
3 Regular insulin
The client also has asthma. Which drug would the nurse
4 Insulin glargine
recommend be avoided in this client?
1 Ribavirin 31. 2 What should a nurse teach the client to do to avoid
2 Zanamivir lipodystrophy when self-administering insulin therapy?
3 Oseltamivir 1 Exercise regularly.
4 Amantadine 2 Rotate injection sites.
3 Use the Z-track technique.
26. 2 A nurse evaluates that a client understands appropriately
4 Avoid massaging the injection site
how to take the antacids prescribed by the primary health
care provider when the client makes which statement? 32. 2 A nurse is reviewing a newly admitted client's medication
1 "I will take this antacid at the onset of pain." administration record (MAR). Which element, if missing,
2 "I will take this antacid 30 minutes after meals." makes the record incomplete?
3 "I will take this antacid every 4 hours around the clock." 1 Height
4 "I will take this antacid each time I have something to 2 Allergies
eat." 3 Vital signs
4 Body weight
33. 2 A nurse administers a tube of glucose gel to a client who 39. 2 Which nursing action is the priority when administering
is hypoglycemic. What explanation does the nurse share chelation therapy for a toddler-age client?
regarding the reversal of hypoglycemia? 1 Assessing vital signs
1 It liberates glucose from hepatic stores of glycogen. 2 Monitoring urine output
2 It provides a glucose source that is rapidly absorbed. 3 Conducting a behavioral assessment
3 Insulin action is blocked as it competes for tissue sites. 4 Providing education to reduce lead exposure
4 Glycogen is supplied to the brain as well as other vital
40. 2 A client with a history of malabsorption syndrome is
organs
admitted to the hospital for medical management. Total
34. 2 Which Food and Drug Administration pregnancy risk parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been prescribed. What
category do drugs that have not undergone any studies in action will the nurse take to prevent a major reaction to
animal and pregnant women belong to? the TPN infusion?
1 Category B 1 Record the intake and output.
2 Category C 2 Administer the infusion slowly.
3 Category D 3 Change the site every 24 hours.
4 Category X 4 Check the vital signs every 4 hours
35. 2 What is the priority goal for a client with asthma who is 41. 2 A nurse administers the drug desmopressin acetate
being discharged from the hospital with prescriptions for (DDAVP) to a client with diabetes insipidus. What should
inhaled bronchodilators? the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the
1 Is able to obtain pulse oximeter readings drug?
2 Demonstrates use of a metered-dose inhaler 1 Arterial blood pH
3 Knows the healthcare provider's office hours 2 Intake and output
4 Can identify the foods that may cause wheezing 3 Fasting serum glucose
4 Pulse and respiratory rates
36. 2 A senior nurse teaches a nursing student about how to
treat poisoning in young children. Which statement by the 42. 2 A health care provider prescribes vancomycin peak and
nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? trough levels for a client who is receiving vancomycin
1 "An emergency team should be called if the victim stops intravenous piggyback (IVPB). When should the nurse
breathing." have the laboratory obtain a blood sample to determine a
2 "Syrup of ipecac should be administered immediately peak level of the antibiotic?
after poisoning." 1 Halfway between two doses of the drug
3 "The National Poison Control hotline should be called if 2 Between 30 and 60 minutes after a dose
a poison is ingested." 3 Immediately before the medication is administered
4 "The child should be removed from the hazardous 4 Anytime it is convenient for the client and the laboratory
environment if the poison has been inhaled."
43. 2 The nurse provides teaching to a client who has received
37. 2 A nurse determines that the teaching about the side a prescription for oral pancreatic enzymes, pancrelipase.
effects of azithromycin has been understood when the The nurse evaluates that teaching is understood when the
adolescent client identifies which problem as the most client identifies which time for medication scheduling?
common side effect of this medication? 1 At bedtime
1 Tinnitus 2 With meals
2 Diarrhea 3 One hour before meals
3 Dizziness 4 On arising each morning
4 Headache
44. 2 A client with tuberculosis is started on a chemotherapy
38. 2 After an acute episode of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, a protocol that includes rifampin. The nurse evaluates that
client is diagnosed with a gastric ulcer. The client receives the teaching about rifampin is effective when the client
a prescription for ranitidine 150 mg twice a day. What makes which statement?
concern prompts the nurse to contact the health care 1 "I need to drink a lot of fluid while I take this medication."
provider about the prescription? 2 "I can expect my urine to turn orange from this
1 Ranitidine can increase bleeding risk. medication."
2 An administration route is not specified. 3 "I should have my hearing tested while I take this
3 Ranitidine is contraindicated for gastric ulcers. medication."
4 The recommended dose is higher than prescribed 4 "I might get a skin rash because it is an expected side
effect of this medication.
45. 2 A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of 51. 3 A client with diabetes experiences tremors, pallor, and
an exacerbation of asthma. What should the nurse diaphoresis. What should the nurse consider is a possible
plan to do to best help this client? cause of these clinical manifestations?
1 Determine the client's emotional state. 1 Overeating
2 Give prescribed drugs to promote bronchiolar 2 Intestinal virus
dilation. 3 Aerobic exercise
3 Provide education about the impact of a family 4 Missed insulin dose
history.
52. 3 During the administration of total parenteral nutrition
4 Encourage the client to use an incentive spirometer
(TPN), an assessment of the client reveals a bounding
routinely
pulse, distended jugular veins, dyspnea, and cough. What
46. 2 A nurse administers beclomethasone by inhalation to is the priority nursing intervention?
a client with asthma, and the client asks why this 1 Restart the client's infusion at another site.
medication is necessary. What should the nurse 2 Slow the rate of the client's infusion of the TPN.
explain is the purpose of this pharmacologic therapy? 3 Interrupt the client's infusion and notify the healthcare
1 Promotes comfort provider.
2 Decreases inflammation 4 Obtain the vital signs and continue monitoring the
3 Stimulates smooth muscle relaxation client's status
4 Reduces bacteria in the respiratory tract
53. 3 Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and isoniazid (INH) are prescribed
47. 2,3,4 What interventions are needed to help prevent as part of the chemotherapy protocol for a client with
accidental poisoning of children? Select all that apply tuberculosis. Which response indicates to the nurse that
1 Medicines should be referred to as candy. vitamin B6 is effective?
2 Potent poisons should be kept out of reach of 1 Weight gain
children. 2 Absence of stomatitis
3 Containers of the poisonous substances should be 3 Absence of numbness and tingling in extremities
tightly closed. 4 Acceleration of dormant tubercular bacilli destruction
4 Old unused and unnecessary medications should be
54. 3 A client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
safely disposed.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has received a
5 Medications should be transferred from their
prescription for a medication that is delivered via a
original containers to alternate ones
nebulizer. When teaching about use of the nebulizer, the
48. 2,3,6 What are the desired outcomes that the nurse expects nurse should teach the client to do what?
when administering a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory 1 Hold the breath while spraying the medication into the
drug (NSAID)? Select all that apply mouth.
1 Diuresis 2 Position the lips loosely around the mouthpiece and
2 Pain relief take rapid, shallow breaths.
3 Antipyresis 3 Seal the lips around the mouthpiece and breathe in and
4 Bronchodilation out, taking slow, deep breaths.
5 Anticoagulation 4 Inhale the medication from the nebulizer, remove the
6 Reduced inflammation mouthpiece from the mouth, and then exhale.
49. 3 A client has an anaphylactic reaction after receiving 55. 3 A client newly diagnosed with diabetes arrives at the
intravenous penicillin. What does the nurse conclude is emergency department complaining of dizziness and
the cause of this reaction? weakness. The client's spouse reports that the client has
1 An acquired atopic sensitization occurred. been confused since this morning. The spouse reports
2 There was passive immunity to the penicillin allergen. that the client administered the morning dose of 10 units
3 Antibodies to penicillin developed after a previous of regular insulin and 25 units of NPH insulin with difficulty
exposure. and did not eat much breakfast. What does the nurse
4 Potent antibodies were produced when the infusion identify as the most likely cause of the client's signs and
was instituted symptoms?
1 Hyperglycemia
50. 3 A client is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which
2 Hyperlipidemia
insulin should the nurse expect the health care
3 Hypoglycemia
provider to prescribe?
4 Hypocalcemia
1 NPH insulin
2 Inhaled insulin
3 Regular insulin
4 Insulin glargine
56. 3 A nurse is administering a histamine H2 antagonist to a 61. 3 A client has severe diarrhea, and the health care provider
client who has extensive burns. The nurse explains to the prescribes intravenous fluids, sodium bicarbonate, and an
client that this drug is given prophylactically during the antidiarrheal medication. Which drug does the nurse
first few weeks after extensive burns. What complication expect the health care provider to prescribe?
of burns will it prevent? 1 Psyllium
1 Colitis 2 Bisacodyl
2 Gastritis 3 Loperamide
3 Stress ulcer 4 Docusate sodium
4 Metabolic acidosis
62. 3 A client receiving intravenous vancomycin reports ringing
57. 3 Naltrexone is used to treat clients with substance abuse in both ears. Which initial action should the nurse take?
problems. In which situation does the nurse anticipate that 1 Notify the primary healthcare provider.
naltrexone will be administered? 2 Consult an audiologist.
1 To treat opioid overdose 3 Stop the infusion.
2 To block the systemic effects of cocaine 4 Document the finding and continue to monitor the
3 To decrease the recovering alcoholic's desire to drink client
alcohol
63. 3 A client is started on tetracycline antibiotic therapy. What
4 To prevent severe withdrawal symptoms from
should the nurse do when administering this drug?
antianxiety agents
1 Administer the medication with meals or a snack.
58. 3 A client is receiving penicillin G and probenecid for 2 Provide orange or other citrus fruit juice with the
syphilis. What rationale should the nurse give for the need medication.
to take these two drugs? 3 Give the medication an hour before milk products are
1 Each drug attacks the organism during different stages ingested.
of cell multiplication. 4 Offer antacids 30 minutes after administration if
2 The penicillin treats the syphilis, whereas the probenecid gastrointestinal side effects occur
relieves the severe urethritis.
64. 3 For a client with difficulty swallowing, the nurse should
3 Probenecid delays excretion of penicillin, thus
crush which medication?
maintaining blood levels for longer periods.
1 Metoprolol extended release
4 Probenecid decreases the potential for an allergic
2 Felodipine sustained release
reaction to penicillin, which treats the syphilis
3 Acetaminophen extra strength
59. 3 A nurse identifies that an older adult has not achieved the 4 Potassium chloride extended release
desired outcome from a prescribed proprietary
65. 3 The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who
medication. When assessing the situation, the client shares
presented to the emergency room for an acute asthma
that the medication is too expensive and that the
attack. The nurse notes that upon discharge the
prescription was never filled. What is an appropriate
healthcare provider has prescribed theophylline 300 mg
nursing response?
orally to be taken daily at 9:00 AM. The nurse will teach
1 Ask the pharmacist to provide a generic form of the
the client to take the medication on which schedule?
medication.
1 With a meal
2 Encourage the client to acquire the medication over the
2 Only at bedtime
Internet.
3 At a specific time prescribed
3 Inform the healthcare provider of the inability to afford
4 Until symptoms are gone
the medication.
4 Suggest that the client purchase medical insurance that 66. 3 A client with gastric ulcer disease asks the nurse why the
covers prescription medications health care provider has prescribed metronidazole. What
purpose does the nurse provide?
60. 3 A healthcare provider prescribes ampicillin for a client
1 To augment the immune response
with an infection. What information should the nurse
2 To potentiate the effect of antacids
include in the teaching plan about this medication?
3 To treat Helicobacter pylori infection
1 Take the ampicillin with meals.
4 To reduce hydrochloric acid secretion
2 Store the ampicillin in a light-resistant container.
3 Notify the healthcare provider if diarrhea develops.
4 Continue the drug until a negative culture is obtained
67. 3 Steroid therapy is prescribed for a client with an 73. 4 A client is prescribed metformin extended release to
exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The nurse evaluates that control type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement made
teaching is effective when the client identifies which times by this client indicates the need for further education?
for the medication schedule? 1 "I will take the drug with food."
1 At bedtime with a snack 2 "I must swallow my medication whole and not crush or
2 Three times a day with meals chew it."
3 In the early morning with food 3 "I will notify my doctor if I develop muscular or
4 One hour before or two hours after eating abdominal discomfort."
4 "I will stop taking metformin for 24 hours before and
68. 4 A health care provider prescribes daily docusate sodium
after having a test involving dye."
for a client. The nurse explains to the client that this drug
has what action? 74. 4 The nurse provides discharge teaching to a client with
1 Lubricates the feces tuberculosis. Which treatment measure does the nurse
2 Creates an osmotic effect reinforce as the highest priority?
3 Stimulates motor activity 1 Getting sufficient rest
4 Lowers the surface tension of feces 2 Getting plenty of fresh air
3 Changing the current lifestyle
69. 4 A client is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the
4 Consistently taking prescribed medication
healthcare provider prescribes a combination of rifampin
and isoniazid. The nurse evaluates that the teaching 75. 4 A healthcare provider prescribes ophthalmic drops for a
regarding the drug is effective when the client reports client. What should a nurse include in the instructions for a
which action as most important? client learning to self-administer eyedrops?
1 "Report any changes in vision." 1 Lie on the unaffected side for administration.
2 "Take the medicine with my meals." 2 Instill drops onto the pupil to promote absorption.
3 "Call my doctor if my urine or tears turn red-orange." 3 Close eyes tightly after administering the eyedrops.
4 "Continue taking the medicine even after I feel better. 4 Apply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation
70. 4 A client is receiving dexamethasone to treat acute 76. 4 The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous
exacerbation of asthma. For what side effect should the piggyback antibiotic that has been newly prescribed.
nurse monitor the client? Shortly after initiation, the client becomes restless and
1 Hyperkalemia flushed and begins to wheeze. The nurse determines the
2 Liver dysfunction that appropriate priority action will be to stop the
3 Orthostatic hypotension antibiotic infusion and then do what?
4 Increased blood glucose 1 Notify the physician immediately about the client's
condition.
71. 4 A client with type 1 diabetes tells the nurse, "I take
2 Take the client's blood pressure.
guaifenesin cough syrup when I have a cold." What
3 Obtain the client's pulse oximetry.
important instruction does the nurse include in client
4 Assess the client's respiratory status
teaching about this medication?
1 Substitute an elixir for the cough syrup. 77. 4 A client is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and the health
2 Increase fluid intake and use a humidifier to control the care provider prescribes an oral hypoglycemic. For what
cough. side effect should the nurse teach this client to monitor?
3 The small amounts of sugar in medications are not a 1 Ketonuria
concern with diabetes. 2 Weight loss
4 Include the glucose in the cough syrup when 3 Ketoacidosis
calculating daily carbohydrate allowance 4 Low blood sugar
72. 4 The postoperative prescriptions for a client who had 78. 4 A client develops a fever after surgery. Ceftriaxone is
repair of an inguinal hernia include docusate sodium daily. prescribed. For which potential adverse effect should the
Before discharge, the nurse instructs the client about what nurse monitor the client?
potential side effect? 1 Dehydration
1 Rectal bleeding 2 Heart failure
2 Fecal impaction 3 Constipation
3 Nausea and vomiting 4 Allergic response
4 Mild abdominal cramping
79. 4 A healthcare provider prescribes famotidine and 84. 4 A client with hepatitis B asks the nurse, "Are there any
magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide antacid for a medications to help me get rid of this problem?" Which is
client with a peptic ulcer. The nurse should teach the the best response by the nurse?
client to take the antacid at what time? 1 "Sedatives can be given to help you relax."
1 Only at bedtime, when famotidine is not taken 2 "We can give you immune serum globulin."
2 Only if famotidine is ineffective 3 "Vitamin supplements are frequently helpful and hasten
3 At the same time as famotidine, with a full glass of water recovery."
4 One hour before or 2 hours after famotidine 4 "There are medications to help reduce viral load and
liver inflammation.
80. 4 Ampicillin 250 mg by mouth every 6 hours is prescribed
for a client who is to be discharged. Which statement 85. 4 A health care provider prescribes bisacodyl for a client
indicates to the nurse that the client understands the with cardiac disease. The nurse explains to the client that
teaching about ampicillin? this drug acts by what mechanism?
1 "I should drink a glass of milk with each pill." 1 Producing bulk
2 "I should drink at least six glasses of water every day." 2 Softening feces
3 "The medicine should be taken with meals and at 3 Lubricating feces
bedtime." 4 Stimulating peristalsis
4 "The medicine should be taken one hour before or two
86. 4 A client who has a gastric ulcer asks what to do if
hours after meals
epigastric pain occurs. The nurse evaluates that teaching
81. 4 Which statement made by a client recently diagnosed is effective when the client makes which statement?
with type 1 diabetes indicates that further education is 1 "Eliminating fluids with meals will prevent pain."
necessary regarding the teaching plan? 2 "I will increase my food intake to avoid an empty
1 "I will need to have my eyes and vision examined once a stomach."
year." 3 "Taking an aspirin with milk will relieve my pain and coat
2 "I will need to check my blood sugar at home to my ulcer."
evaluate my response to my treatment plan." 4 "Taking an antacid preparation will decrease pain due to
3 "I can improve metabolic and cardiac risk factors of this gastric acid."
disease if I follow a low-calorie diet and lose weight."
87. 4 What information should the nurse include when teaching
4 "Once I reach my target weight there is a good chance
a client about antacid tablets?
that I will be able to switch from insulin to an oral
1 Take them at 4-hour intervals.
medication."
2 Take them 1 hour before meals.
82. 4 A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking several 3 They are as effective as the liquid forms.
antibiotic medications for a prolonged time. Because 4 They interfere with the absorption of other drugs
long-term use of antibiotics interferes with the absorption
88. 4 A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
of fat, what prescription does the nurse anticipate?
acute pancreatitis. The health care provider's prescriptions
1 High-fat diet
include nothing by mouth and total parenteral nutrition
2 Supplemental cod liver oil
(TPN). The nurse explains that the TPN therapy provides
3 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
what benefit?
4 Water-soluble forms of vitamins A and E
1 Is the easiest method for administering needed nutrition
83. 4 Famotidine (Pepcid) is prescribed for a client with peptic 2 Is the safest method for meeting the client's nutritional
ulcer disease. The client asks the nurse what this requirements
medication does. Which action does the nurse mention 3 Will satisfy the client's hunger without the discomfort
when replying? associated with eating
1 Increases gastric motility 4 Will meet the client's nutritional needs without causing
2 Neutralizes gastric acidity the discomfort precipitated by eating
3 Facilitates histamine release
89. 4 A nurse has provided teaching to a client with a newly
4 Inhibits gastric acid secretion
prescribed proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The nurse
determines that the teaching is effective when the client
states that the medication is used for the treatment of
which condition?
1 Diarrhea
2 Vomiting
3 Cardiac dysrhythmias
4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD