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1

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--
vv z
zffllw
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H
HCdCdmmj
jff
mrfbhD -v sp ncdhwft hAdk, ncdhwft hmcJD uDhb, zbcim
ShdwAmdk ydv, k]fv uDhsbv sp rstZdjj, ifvstZdjj, yfdvdj W
zfLAfdkj dlj, kfv nhef zfqk jvf njstv ubA nHh bq. dkdb
dYstb msbfvm dw, wf-dw W Hfh-nclv djswfv, zflwG smNv[j,
ydvhfb W zflwGhfb pchj, dw-ncwDt, zkA tfwDt, SLpGwDt,
zkA zfk-mpGflfni, zmfdqj mLcv nlftfiD, dmkHfND, dhbma,
dhbqD, bAfq W nskAv jfsY bma hQ zbAfq W hfdkstv jfsY jsEfv, n{
W mr{ mfbcN, nkAhflD W dhw W dbHGvspfoA zfmfbklfv, zflwG fmD,
zflwG nQnfvD, zflwG wv, zflwG Hf, zflwGivfqB ncic, m dikf,
zflwG mchfdo hf ncsjZwtD LmGiayfvj, lcdbqfv nhGsvv W nhGswaBDv
mfbcsNv ubA drlfqfskv ut Hfv, dhuqD dnifrXnftfv, hDv spff,
dbdHGjdy, znDm nfrnD, `zfshl' W kfiniahv, dpjXvjfvD, jXvjfvD,
jxk, vf-dhfbD W nIt vfubDdkdhl, nmfu-dhfbD, ovDh-lvlD,
lc}JDv nfKD, nQshlbwDt, lqfGdy, isvfijfvD, zkctbDq lfbwDt,
lfv, mrfbcHh W iaw-rlq, bAfq-dbfhfb nmafe, dbvsi[ dhyfvidk,
dhNq-dhvfoD, kctbfrDb zflwG hAhnfqD, buDvrDb dw[fv, nlftfiD,
nD-nfKDslv ns vdnjkf-diaq, pco-nQfvj, sHNudhl W ncdydj{nj,
mrfmfbh, dhwbhD, mrfbhD, uolXv, dhwub-sbkf, lc ufrfsbv nlGfv,
zffrv diaq rfhDh, njt nxdv snvf.
dkdb zfsvf h djYc. khcW k djYcv mLA rsk pdl k]fv HoB k]fv
uDhsb smfefmcde jsqjef dlj mvsB vfJsk ifsvb, kfrst dbyq kfsk
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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zfsY iaHCk jtAfB.
mfbsn zft-mfumfzfrv lfWqfk zdIsnv nffdrj lsnGv sjfsnG
`lfvt zkfb' (dvqfp) jkGxj idvshdwk icdjf `bhD-uDhbD'sj wfdmt
jvf rq. bhDuDv Hvf zfsnb sn lnG dbsk, bsk W zfmt jsv k]fv
mk uDhb oVfv iaqfn yftfsk. icdjf zfnst k]fslv ubA [c
jde irfv. khcW zbAfbA Hslv Hdv diifnf dmefhfv ubA
zbAfbA oafhtD mb jsv sn ncdhwft uDhsbv mrfnmc sKsj j
jtnD ifdb kcst siw jvtfm. zfwf jdv, p]fvf smfef h djsb iVfv
[mkf vfsJb bf, sn ovDh bhDHslv icdjf hV ijfv slsh -
bwfzffr.
zffrv jfsY zfshlb, dkdb spb zfmfslvsj J]fde bhDH rWqfv,
k]fv zflwG uDhsbv zbcjvsB zflwG uDhb oVfv hQ k]fv mrskv
znDtfq uffsk k]fv nD rWqfv kWIDj lfb jsvb. zfmDb.

dhbDk-
zfhC nftmfb zfct rfmDl zft-mflfbD
1tf vhDt zfWqft 1424druvD, 2vf sm 2003

 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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3

W

mrfbhDv zflwG uDhbsj ufbf W kf dbsq ipGfstfybf jvf iaskAj sn
mcndtsmv ubA uvvD, sp ntfmsj kfv dbsuv uDhsbv ubA nQdhLfb W
vfuiK drnfsh hvB jsv hQ zffrv vnCt -sj dbsuv zflwG W
mfm, dljXdlwfvD W iKialwGj drnfsh oarB jsv.
bhD-uDhbD zLAqb jsv mcndtm mrfbhD -v hflk, stb-slb,
hAhrfv, ydv W dwfyfv ns fbtfH jvsk ifsv. ufbsk ifsv wfd
W pcjfst dhsvfLDslv nfsK k]fv zfyvB-iaBftD.
mcfIf-ydvk zfstfybf jsv zfmvf zfmfslv hfh uDhsbv lchGtkf W
dev iaLfb jfvB W {n zfdhjfv jvsk n[m rsk ifdv hQ djkfh
W ncfrv zfstfsj kf lCv W nQswfLb jvsk iaqfn if. klbcvi
zffrv vnCt hQ k]fv nfrfhfsq sjvfm spmb lchGtkf W tfbf
sKsj nhtkf W mpGflfv ncy dwJsv Dk rsqdYstb, skmdb zfmvfW
k]fslv mk rsk ifvm rsk ifdv.
nDvfk W bhD-uDhbDv iv dtdJk h-icj zsbj zfsY; pfv msLA
djYc zfsY dhfdvk hQ djYc nQd[. i[fsv icdjfdesk zdk
nQd[ zfjfsv bhD uDhbDv iaLfb W iadn dljstfv dwvbfm kcst Lvf
rsqsY mf. k fvf iakAj mcndtm bv-bfvDsj mrfbhD -v zflwG
uDhsbv nfv-nQs[i W kfv iadn iadn OebfhtD W dkrfn nisjG
zhdrk jvf rsqsY. zfv icdjf db}nslsr idh uDhbD ians zdLj
ufbfv W oHDv zLAqb jvfv zfoar W ncspfo nxd jvsh. b-wfzffr.
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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zffrv jfsY jfmbf sp, dkdb spb zfmtsj k]fv nd tfsHv ubA
Jfstn jsv dbb. zfmDb. K

lfvt zkfb, tmD dhHfo, dvqfp

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv hhQQw
w--i
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k
k]fv ibfm dYt zfhct jfsnm. zfnt bfm mcrfmfl dhb
zfcfr dhb zfct mcfdth dhb rfswm dhb zfs mfbfI dhb
jcnf dhb djtfh dhb mcvGf dhb jf'h dhb tczf dhb dIrXv dhb
mfstj dhb bfpXv dhb djbfbfr dhb Jcpfmfr dhb mcldvjfr dhb
tqAfn dhb mcpfv dhb dbpfv dhb mf'l dhb zflbfb---.
ipG nm dkrfdnjoB jmk. dj v iv sKsj djYc
mksHl zfsY. zhwA zflbfb sp nmft -v hQwLv,
sn hAfifsvW njst jmk.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv ddi
ikkffvv i
iddvvyyqq
k]fv dikfv bfm dYt zfcfr. k]fsj nmft -v mk
phDr htf rk. zfv kfv dkhx sp, zfct mcfdth bpv
(mfbk) mfbstb sp, k]fv pdl 10de ic nfb rq, kfrst
kfslv msLA jubsj dkdb jf'hfv dbje pshr jvshb.
zk}iv 10de ic rsq sost dkdb kfslv mfsU jfsj pshr
jvshb kf slJfv ubA tefvD jvstb. tefvDsk bfm t
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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5

zfcfrv. jcvfw k]fsj pshr jvsk hfLf dlt. zfct

mcfdth htstb, kfrst zfdm zfmfv bpv dj jvh? stfsjvf
k]fsj ivfmwG dlt sp, zfcfrv hlst 10de ]e jcvhfbD
jvb. 10de ]e W zfcfrv mfsU tefvD jvf rst zfcfrv
bfm shdvsq t. zfct mcfdth hV lcdyfq iVstb.
viv zfsvf 10de ]e hxd jsv tefvD jvstW k]fv bfm
t. Hfsh hxd jvsk jvsk pJb ]e 100de iCBG rt,
kJb tefvD jsv slJf sot ]sev bfm snsY. Ist k]fv
dhdbmsq 100de ]e pshr jvf rt. zfv kJb sKsj jcvfw
kKf zfvsh mfbcN rkAfv l drnfsh 100de ]e slWqfv zfb
iaydtk rsq sot hQ zffrv vnCt W ntfsm sn
zfbsj hrft vfJstb.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv z
zffmmffvv i
iddvvyyqq
k]fv zfmfv bfm zfdmbf dhs zrfh dhb zfs mfbfI dhb
pcrvfr dhb djtfh dhb mcvGfr. (zKGf{ k]fv zff-zfmf
Hsq nf jcvfw hQswv.)
jcvfw mrfbhD sj kf]v zfmfv j dikfmr zfhc jfhwfv
iadk nijG ucsV hA jsv htk, hsb zfhD jfhwfr. zfhc
jfhwfr dYt Jcpfzfv jde stfj, sp jcvfwslv mCdkGiCufv
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
dhsvfdLkf jsv kfvjfv iCuf jvk. mrfbhD jcvfwslv
mCdkGiCufv dhsvfdLkf jvst k]fsj hAfifsv sn hAdv nfsK
kctbf jsv htk, hsb zfhD jfhwfr.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv ddi
ikkxhxhAAooBB
mrfbhDv 11ub dikxhA (yfyf) dYstb.
1. zfhC kfsth (zfs mfbfI)} (db mrfbhDv hV
nrfqj dYstb. k]fv mxkcAv nmq k]fv iv ntfm siw
jvf rst dkdb kf oarB bf jsv mfvf pfb.)
2. pchfv } lcub zfcfrv nsrflv dYstb.
3. zfhct IfpXt zffn
4. rfmpfr } db mrfbhD v lcL HfW dYstb.
5. rfsvN }
6. druXt hf rfuXt } (ofqlfj)
7. dpvfv } db zffsnv nsrflv.
8. zfct pXpf (zfhC tfrfh)} drustv nsrflv.
9. jcNfm } db sYfe shtfq mfvf pfb. db dYstb
rfsvsNv Shdisq Hf.
10. zfcw wfmXw }
11. zfct jf'hfr (mcjfWqfm) }
(]slv msLA sjht 4 ub ntfsmv pco ifb. k]fslv msLA
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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7

2ub) zffn W rfmpfr ntfsm lDd[k rb. zfv ]slv

bfm dYt ntfsmv zbcjCt. dj hfjD 2ub zfhC kfsth
(zfs mfbfI) W zfhC tfrfh (zfct pXpf) ntfm oarB jsv
db. zfv kfslv bfmW dYt ntfsmv iadkjCt.) (Ikt hfvD 7/236)

mmrrffbbhhDDvv I
IcI
cIcocoBB
k]fv IcIc dYstb 6 ub. ]slv msLA 5 ub dYstb k]fv
dikfv nsrflvf. zfv k]fvf rstb }-
1. sm rfjDm } ]v ziv bfm dYt hfpf.
2. zfskjfr } db mrfbhD -v ikD sm
nftfmfrv zfmf.
3. mfmfr } db mrfbhD -v ikD pfqbfh dhs
ufrswv zfmf.
4. zfvWqf
5. hfvGfr
6. nfdIqAfr } db rfmpfr -v nsrflvf.
]slv msLA sjht nfdIqAfr ntfsm lDd[k rb. mkfsv
zfskjfrW ntfm oarB jsvb.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv hhQQw
w ddYYt
t ddbbmmGt
Gt
mrfb zffr k]fv bhDv dikfsj (sn sbfQvf ufsrtD pcsov)
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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hAdHyfsvv sYfht sKsj v[f jsvb. htf hftA, mrfbhD
umoarB jsvb idh dhhfr-hsbv mfLAsm zfcfr-
zfdmbfv vsn. mrfbhD hstb, dbyq zffr
hvfrDsmv hQw sKsj nmftsj, nmfstv hQw sKsj
djbfbfsj, djbfbf sKsj jcvfwsj, jcvfw sKsj hfbD
rfswmsj hQ hfbD rfswm sKsj zfmfsj dbhGfdyk jsvsYb.
(mcndtm)
nmafe drvfdjt pJb zfhC ncdIqfbsj mrfbhD -v hQw
nisjG dufnf jvstb, kJb zfhC ncdIqfb hstdYstb,
`dkdb zfmfslv msLA nf hQswv stfj.' kf sb nmafe
hstdYstb, `zbcvi vnCtoB dbu nialfsqv nf hQw
sKsj siadvk rsq Kfsjb.' (hcJfvD)

mmrrffbbhhDDvv
--
vv
HHu
umm
sp hYsv zfhvfrf kfv rdhfdrbD nr jfhf zfmB jsv sn
hYsvv vhDt zfWqft mfsnv 2, 8, 9,10 zKhf 12 kfvDsJ
svfu snfmhfv (571 Jxfsv 20 zKhf 22 diat sHfv
shtfq) mfv hfkrfq mrfbhD um oarB jsvb. nDvfskv
tfmfoB hstb, mf zfdmbf pJb k]fsj osHG LfvB jsvb, kJb
dkdb k]fv sjfb iajfv Hfv zbcHh jsvb db. zk}iv pJb
dkdb k]fsj ianh jsvb, kJb k]fv nfsK j iajfv bCv
(suAfdk) shv rsk slsJb; pfsk iChG W idym dlosv mLAhkDG
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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9

fb zfstfq fdnk rsq WsE.

vhfp dhb nfdvqfr jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb,
zfdm zffrv dbje kf]v tWsr mfrICsp dtdJk kJbW
nhGswN bhD, pJb zflm jflf zhfq isV dYstb. zfv v
kf{ipG sp, (zfmfv bhczskv iaKm dhjfw Ose) zfmfv
dikf hafrDsmv lczf, nfv k]fv jWmsj slWqf ncnQhfl hQ
zfmfv zfmfv slJf sn siv mfLAsm, pfsk dkdb k]fv dbje
sKsj mb suAfdk shv rsk slsJb pf, wfmslswv
zfdtjfnmCrsj zfstfdjk jsvdYt. (zfrXmfl)

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv z
zff
ffvv dd
j
jfft
t
dkdb mfsqv osHG Kfjf zhfsk k]fv zffv (25 hYv
hqsn) djft rq. mkfsv k]fv usmv jsqj mfn zKhf
hYv isv k]fv djft rq. zhwA iaKm jKfde iadn.
(mfkf zfdmbfv z}nf rsq 3 mfn zdkhfdrk rWqfv iv
dikf zfcfr j hfdBuA jfsItfv nfsK wfmslswv sswA
pff jsvb. dIvfv isK znc rsq qfNdvsh (mlDbfq) hbD
bffv sofs zhfb jfst k]fv mxkcA rq. k]fsj lfIb jvf
rq snJfsb.)
(usmv iv k]fv lflf k]fv bfm vfsJb mcrfmfl. k]fv zfjDjf
W Jkbf slWqfv hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn sb. hvQ mrfbhD
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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bhcWqfk-iafdv iv dbsuv kvI sKsj zfjDjfr
jsvdYstb hst ufbf pfq. (dntdntf nrDrfr 2726 bQ) zfv
zfvshv iaKf zbcpfqD k]fv Jkbf jvf rsqdYt. Jkbfjxk
zhfq um rWqfv jKfW iamfdBk bq.)

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv llcLcLi
iffbb
usmv iv (mfsqv isv) jsqj dlb zfhC tfrfshv fLDbjxk
lfnD ncWqfhfr mrfbhD -sj lcL ifb jvfb. zk}iv
(zfvshv iaKf zbcpfqD) hbD nf'l sofsv rftDmf nfdlqfv lcL
ifb jsvb. ]v dbje dkdb iafq 4 hYv zhfb jsvb.
Jfsb Kfjf zhfq k]fv dbje lc dIdvf zfsnb hQ h[
dhlfvB jsv kf]v zfkfv ml W wqkfsbv zQwsj shv jsv
sIst (rlqsj pmpsmv ifdb fvf sLZk jsv slb.) Oebfv
iv rftDmf Hq ifb hQ dwwcsj dbu mfkfv jfsY dIdvsq slb.

mmrrffbbhhDDvv
--
vv z
zffmmffvv dd
j
jfft
t
mrfbhD v hqn kJb Yq hYv. nmq (zffv jhv
dpqfvskv sswA lfnD sm zfmfb) W kDm dwwcsj ns
jsv mf shv rstb mfsqv hfdV qfNdvh (mlDbf). j mfn
zhfsbv iv mfq dIvfv isK mf zfdmbf znc rsq isVb
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













11

hQ zfhWqf bfmj ufqofq kDm dwwcsj swfj-nfosv Hfdnsq

ivstfj omb jsvb.
mf dhusqv hYsv mfv isK pfWqfv nmq zfhWqf
ufqofsk sn mfsqv jKf nvB rsk mrfbhD k]fv jhv
dpqfvk jvfv zbcmdk yfstb zffrv jfsY. zffr k]fsj
k]fv mfsqv jhv dpqfvk jvfv zbcmdk dlstb. (dj [mf
iafKGbf jvfv zbcmdk dlstb bf.) mrfbhD snJfsb j]flsk
tfostb. kf slsJ jf]lsk tfostb kf]v nfrfhfoB. Jfsb
dkdb htstb, skfmvf jhv dpqfvk jv. jfvB kf ivjft
nvB jdvsq slq. (mcndtm)
zfmfv mxkcAv iv k]fv tftb-iftsbv lfdqk sbb k]fv
dikfv Wqfsvn nCs ifWqf W k]fv fLDb jvf lfnD sm
zfmfb) hQ k]fv idvypGf W HvB-sifNsBv lfdqk sbb lflf
zfct mcfdth.
dj k]fv hqn zfe hYv rsk lflfvW djft rsq sot.
dkdb mrfbhD -v yfyf zfhC kfsthsj kf]v HvB-sifNsBv
lfdqk dlsq zdnqk jsv sostb. zfhC kfsth k]fv pKfKG
v[Bfsh[B jvstb. bhD rsq siadvk rWqfv iv dkdb k]fv
khtDsov jfsu pKfpK nfrfpA W idviCBG nrspfdokf jvstb.
zKy dkdb dbsu dwsjGv LsmG zdhydtk Kfjstb. mvB mcrCkG
ipG dkdb ntfm oarB jvstb bf. khcW mrfbhD sj
nrspfdokf jvfv Jfdksv mrfb zffr k]fv zfpfh rfjf jsv
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
dlstb. dhHfsh iamfdBk, mrfbhD hstb, ufrffmDslv
nh yfsk rfjf zfpfshv stfj rshb zfhC kfsth. k]fv Hq
ifsq Kfjsh j sufVf zfocsbv uckf. zfv kfv kfsi k]fv
mfKfv mou eoho jsv Icesk Kfjsh. (mcndtm)
yfyfv nfsK mrfbhD 12 hYv hqsn hAhnfv sswA
wfmslw nIv jsvb (hQ snJfsb Jxfb LmGpfuj hcrfvf
k]fsj bhDvsi dybsk ifsvb).
( nmq ifuGsbv ubA dkdb nfmfbA mucvDv dhdbmsq
jcvfswv djYc stfsjv Yfostv vfJft drnfsh jfu jsvb.)

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv i
iddhh
kkff W
W nnk
kkkff
mrfb zffr dbu bhDsj dwshtf sKsj ufsrtD pcsov
iaskAj de, ifi W idtkf sKsj idh W lCv svsJsYb.
k]fsj lfb jsvdYstb iaskAj nlXB W nydvkf. dkdb
jJsbf sjfb iadkmfv nfmsb mfKf Ucjfb db. sjfb zwDtkfq
dt rb db. sjfb ofdqjfv ofb sbb db. zfv ubA dkdb
dbu nialfsqv dbje `zft-zfmDb' zfmfbklfv, dhw W
nkAhflD hst idvdyk dYstb. spsrkc stfsjvf k]fv idhkf,
nkAhfdlkf, nkkf W zfmfbklfvDv hAfifsv iakA[lwGD dYt.
mb dj k]fv 35 hYv hqsn jcvfwvf pJb jf'hf icbdbGdmGk
jsv kJb `rfusv zfnWqfl' nfsb sj vfJsh kf dbsq jtr
hfsL. iaskAj sofsv stfsjvf htsk tfot, `rfusv zfnWqfl
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













13

zfmvf vfJh.' swN ipG kfslv zfsifsn pc hfLfv im

rt. dj iv[sB kfvf jmk rt sp, zfofmD jft njfst
nhGiaKm sp Jfsb idk rsh, kfvf kfv iv dhhfslv
mDmfQnf-Hfv ziGB jvsh. htf hftA, njfst nhGiaKm sn
idk rstb mcrfmfl . kfvf k]fsj slsJ htt, ` skf
sn zft-zfmDb.' nckvfQ kfvf k]fsj dhyfvj hst smsb dbt.
dkdb mDmfQnfv ubA jde jfiV dhdYsq dlstb. zk}iv dbu
rfsk rfuXsv zfnWqflsj jfisVv mfsU vfJstb hQ
dhhlmfb sofsv sbkfslvsj kfv j jde iaf Lsv kcst
jf'hfv jfsY dbsq spsk zfslw jvstb. zk}iv dkdb dbu
rfsk kcst ifKvdesj fsb fdik jvstb. (zfrmfl, rfsjm)
(zfv Hfsh dkdb ncsjZwstv nfsK j v[qD nQOsNGv
sYfht sKsj jcvfwsj v[f jvstb.)

I
Ic
cffvv ppc
c
20 (zKhf 15) hYv hqsn mrfbhD Icfv pcs
zQwoarB jsvb. pc dYt jcvfw W jfn zftfsbv msLA.
pcsj Icfv htfv jfvB sp, kfsk h rfvfm hsj
rftft msb jvf rq. (zfv Icfv mfsb rt ifdilt.)

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv ddhhhhffrr
25 hYv hqsn mrfbhD JflDuf dhs JcWqfdtl (bfmj
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
nff-nilwfdtbD W hAhnfqD dhLhf mdrtf)v hfdBuA-nHfv
dbsq k]fv lfn mfnfvfv nfsK dndvqfq hAhnfv sswA pff
jsvb. Jfsb mfnfvfr mrfbhD -v hAhrfv, nkkf,
(hAhnfq tfH), zfmfbklfvD W oHDvkfv njt hAfifv slsJ
W susb mc rb. snJfb sKsj dIvfv iv sn nm jKf
mfnfvfr k]fv mfdtj JflDufsj ufbfb. kf sb dkdbW k]fv
iadk zdHHCkf rsq k]fsj fmDvsi ifWqfv hfnbf msb msb
sifNB jsvb.
(zk}iv nJDv spfofspfso 40 hYv hqf dhLhf siaZPfv nfsK
25 hYv hq pchsjv dhhfr ni rsq pfq.)
nclv ydv W ncmLcv hAhrfsv njtsj mc jsv dkdb
nfQnfdvj uDhbW zdkhfdrk jvsk tfostb. idvswsN (15
hYv ifv rWqfv iv) mrfb zffr k]fsj bhczskv dbqfmk W
dvnftskv nil dlsq nmfdbk W nmx jvstb. kJb dkdb
bhD W vnCtvsi dbhGfdyk rstb.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv bbhhcz
czk
k--i
iafafdd

pJb mrfbhD 40 hYv hqsn ibDk rstb, kJb mrfb
zffr k]fsj bhczk W dvnftskv lfdqk ziGB jvstb.
(mfv bCv ihGskv ncy dwJsv drvf rfq dkdb zffrv
hflk jvskb.) vmpfb mfsnv (21, 25 hf) 27 kfvDsJ
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













15

snfmhfv vfs duhvDt snJfsb iaKm zrD dbsq zhkDBG rb.

zfv k]fv iv pJb zrD zhkDBG rk, kJb dkdb hV jshfL
jvskb, k]fv mcJmt dhhBG rsq spk hQ jifst Ofm Uvsk
v rk.
duhvDt k]fv dbje idk rsq (svwmD hJs dtdJk
jcvzfsbv iadk dk jsv) htstb, `zfidb iVcb.' dkdb
htstb, zfdm skf iVsk ufdb bf. zk}iv dIdvf k]fsj
nsufsv udVsq Lsv sjftfjcdt jvstb. sk dkdb jshfL
jvstb. dIdvf k]fsj sYsV dlsq zfhfv htstb, `zfidb
iVcb.' dkdb zfhfvW htstb, zfdm skf iVsk ufdb bf.
zk}iv kxkDqhfsv zbcvi iVsk zfslw jsv htstb,
y7/uu &u%$# @,n=t z|M}$# t,n=yz t,n=yz %!$# y7n/u $$/ &u%$#
=n t s9 $t z|M}$# z=t n=s)9$$/ z=t %!$# u.F{$#
zKGf{, iVcb zfibfv sn iaHcv bfsm dpdb nxd jsvsYb. nxd
jsvsYb mfbcNsj ObDHCk v sKsj. ifE jvb, zfibfv iaHc
mrflqftc. dpdb jtm fvf dw[f dlsqsYb; dw[f dlsqsYb
mfbcNsj pf sn ufbk bf. (nCvf zftfj 1-5zfqfk)
Oebfv iv dkdb HDk-jdik zhfq JflDufv dbje
dIsv stb. k]fsj nm Jhv Jcst hst (yflv Tfjf dlsk
htstb). D JflDuf k]fsj nfbf W nfrn dlsq htstb,
`zfidb Oebfq ncnQhfl oarB jvb. j[sbf bf. zffrv
jnm! dkdb zfibfsj sjfb dlb tfdk jvshb bf. zfidb skf
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
zfkDqkfv ncnijG hufq svsJ ystb, nkA jKf hstb,
zHfhoaslv zHfh smfyb jsvb hQ dhiloaslv nfrfpA
jsvb.' (hcJfvD + mcndtm)
htf hftA, JflDuf (vf}) nhGiaKm k]fv iadk mfb zfsbb.

z
zvvffj
jff ddhhbb bbffW
WIIffsst
tvv nnffssKK nnff[
[ff{{
zk}iv JflDuf (vf}) mrfbhD -sj dbsq k]fv yfyfskf Hf
zvfjf dhb bfWIfstv dbje idk rstb. dkdb dYstb
jub hsqfhx z. dkdb ufsrdtqfskv pcso dJafb LmG oarB
jsvdYstb. (kfWvfk-Dt dkdb dtJsk-iVsk ufbskb.)
zffrv vnCt k]fsj rfv nm Oebf Jcst htstb. zvfjf
htstb, `db skf sn bfmCn (dIdvf duhvDt), dpdb mCnfv
dbje zhkDBG rskb. rfq! spdlb zfibfsj zfibfv ufdk
slw sKsj shv jsv slsh, sndlb pdl zfdm uDdhk W pchj
Kfjkfm.'
jKf sb mrfbhD htstb, kfvf zfmfsj slw sKsj
hdrjfv jvsh? zvfjf htstb, `r]Af. zfibfv mk sp sjr
nkA zfbqb jsvsYb, dkdb dbpGfdkk rsqsYb. zfdm pdl
sn nmq ipG uDdhk Kfdj, kfrst zfibfv nhGiajfv
nrspfdokf jvh.'
dj v zijft isv zvfjf mxkcAhvB jsvb. (hcJfvD +
mcndtm)
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













17

z
zrrDD hh
zzk
k}}i
ivv i
iayayffssvvvv z
zffssllw
w
viv djYcjft zrD h Kfsj. zffrv vnCt Hfsh
jsqjdlb jfefv iv dyfoa rsq iVstb. dkdb zrD zhkDBG
rWqfv zsi[fq zLDv rsq iVstb. mbdj k]fv lcdyf W
zd shfL k shwD hxd sit sp, dkdb ihGk-wDsNG sE snJfb
sKsj U]fi dlsq zfkrkAf jvsk Yf sifNB jvskb. dj
pJb dkdb ihGk dwJsv zfsvfrb jvskb, kJb duhvDt
k]fv lxdsofyv rskb. dkdb k]fsj htskb, `sr mcrfmfl!
zfidb nkA zffrv vnCt.' jKf sb k]fv msbv zdvkf
lCv rsq spk.
zk}iv jdlb dIdvf duhvDt -sj zfjfw W ixdKhDv
mLAst jde syqfsv idh slJsk sistb. kf slsJ dkdb
HDk-dhdmk rstb hQ D JflDufv dbje sn htstb,
zfmfsj yflv dlsq sTsj lfW. zfmfsj yflv dlsq sTsj
lfW. (k]fsj yflv dlsq sTsj slWqf rt.) kAhnsv mrfb
zffr k]fv iv zfqfknmCr zhkDB jvstb,
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
y7t/$uOu i9s3s y7/uu r's % oO9$# $pr't
dss
zKGf{, sr hfYfdlk! WE W nkjG jv. skfmfv
iadkiftsjv swak sOfNBf jv. skfmfv sthfn (hf zfmt)
idh jv. (nCvf mcfNXdNv 1-4 zfqfk)
nckvfQ zfqfknmCsr mrfb zffr k]fsj zfib ufdksj
nkjG jvsk hQ k]fv dlsj lfWqfk dlsk zfslw dlstb.
zkh dkdb nhGskfHfsh iadk dbstb hQ zffrv zfbcokA
iftsb pKfKG syf v jsv dlstb.

i
iaj
ajffssw
wAA llffW
Wqqffk
k
3 hYv Lsv mrfbhD bhczskv jKf sofisb iayfv jvstb.
zk}iv k]fv dbje dbslGw zhkDBG rt,
t.9$# t r&u t? $y/ y$$s
zKGf{, kcdm sp hAfifsv zfdl rsqY, kf iajfswA iayfv jv.
(nCvf druXv 94 zfqfk)
htf hftA, dkdb iajfswA lfWqfskv jfu v jsv dlstb.
zk}iv pJb zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
/u%F{$# y7s?ut r&u
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













19

zKGf{, kcdm skfmfv dbjefkDqslvsj nkjG jv. (nCvf zfvf

214 zfqfk) kJb dkdb nfIf ihGsk ysV dy{jfv jsv htsk
tfostb, dwqfv! dwqfv! stfsjvf htt, `sj dy{jfv
jsv nkjG jsv?' sj sj htt, `mcrfmfl.' dkdb htsk
tfostb, Wsr hfbD zmcj! Wsr hfbD zmcj! Wsr hfbD zmcj!
Wsr hfbD zfs mfbfI! Wsr hfbD zfct mcfdth!
nksjGv zfrhfb sb njt sof sKsj stfsjvf k]fv
dbje umf rt. dkdb htstb, zfdm pdl hdt, zwfsvfrD j
wlt ifrfsVv (ziv dlsj) dbmslsw (zfmfslv iv
zfmB yftfhfv sswA) shv rsqsY, zfibfvf dj zfmfv sn
jKfq dhwfn jvshb? njst hst Et, `zfmfslv
zdHkfq zfibfsj jJsbf dmKAf htsk db db.' dkdb
htstb, kfrst bcb! zfdm zfibfslvsj jsEfv wfd
zfok rWqfv hAfifsv nkjG jvdY.
k]fv jKf sb zfhC tfrfh hst Et, `nhGbfw srfj skfv!
ubA dj zfmfslvsj umfsqk jsvdYn?' zk}iv sn sE
iafb jvt. zfv v sia[fise zhkDBG rt nCvf tfrfh }
=s?u 5=ys9 1r& !#yt M7s?
zKGf{, zfhC tfrfshv rq LQn srfj, LQn srfj sn dbsu.--
(hcJfvD + mcndtm)
viv jcvfw iaskAj sn hAdv iv zkAfyfv v jsv
dlt, sp mrfbhD -v iadk mfb zfsb. lchGt mcdmbslvsj
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
wfd dlsk tfot. dj zffrv vnCt -sj mrfb zffr k]fv
yfyfv mfLAsm njt zkAfyfv sKsj v[f jvstb. spsrkc k]fv
yfyf zfhC kfsth dYstb jcvfswv msLA H W mfbAoBA hAd.
k]fv jfvsB zffrv vnCt -v dhvs rEf{ jsv djYc
jvfv lc}nfrdnjkf kfslv dYt bf. sjbbf, kfvf ufbk sp,
dkdb bhD -sj jkef Hfstfhfsnb.

rrffhhw
wffvv i
iadadk
k ddrru
uvvk
k
mrfbhD -v nryvhsoGv iadk pJb zkAfyfsvv idvdL
hfVsk tfot, kJb dkdb k]fslvsj rfhwf (zfdhdndbqf)sk
druvk jvsk zfslw jvstb. nckvfQ k]fvf bhczskv im
hYsv snJfsb druvk (zffrv sswA slwkAfo) jvstb.
lc mfn snJfsb zhfb jsv icbvfq mfq wWqft mfsn dIsv
stb. kfvivW pJb mcdmbslv iadk dbpGfkb hxd sisk
tfot, kJb zfhfv dkDqhfsvv ubA zfdhdndbqfq druvk
jvsk zfslw dlstb.
zk}iv bhczskv N hYsv mrfbhD -v yfyf rfmpfr
hQ mfv dhb Jffh ntfm oarB jsvb. zfv Hsqv
ntfm oarB dYt ntfm W mcndtmslv ubA mrfdhuq.

hhqqj
jee W
WzzhhssvvffLL
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













21

(bhczskv nm hYsvv vsk) jcvfw pJb zfhC kfsthsj

t[A jvt sp, dkdb dbu Hfdkuf mcrfmfl -v nfrfpA
jvsk W k]fsj v[f jvsk hidvjv hQ k]fsj kfslv jfsY
snfilG jvsk smfse vfpD bb, kJb kfvf hbD rfswm icsvf
sofsj wfd slWqfv dnf oarB jvt. nckvfQ kfvf msmG
jde ycdbfmf dtdih jvt. kfsk htf rt sp, zffrv
vnCt -sj rkAfv ubA kfslvsj nmiGB bf jsv slWqf ipG
hbD rfswsmv nfsK smfse nd jvsh bf. zk}iv k]fslvsj
`dw'sh zfhD kfsth' (lc ifrfsVv mLAhkGD dbyc ufqof)sk
zhsvfL jsv vfJt. kfslv nfsK hfufv nr nhGiajfv hqje
hrft jvt. v Ist hbD rfswsmv nQje yvmHfsh hxd sit.
HDNBHfsh dhi rsq iVt sofsv nm stfj. mbdj (JflA
W ifbDqv zHfsh) [cLfv kfVbfq mdrtf W dwslv
lbsvft hfsv sKsjW swfbf spk. ( zhfq k]fvf yfmVf
W ofsYv ifkfW sJsk hfLA rsqdYstb.)
zhsvfL tfofkfv 3 hYv hrft Kfjt. dj zffrv vnCt
, k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth hQ hbD rfswm nclxP isl srb
nQjsev dhmqjv smfjfdhtf jvstb. zk}iv (hbD rfswsmv
nfsK zfkDqkf zfsY mb djYc) wDNGfbDq jcvfw jcJAfk
hqjsev ycdbfmf hfdkt sOfNBf jvstb.
v Ist bhczskv bhm hsNG zffrv vnCt k]fv sof nr
sn zhsvfL nQje sKsj mcd sisq shv rsq stb. kJb
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
k]fv hqn rsqdYt 49 hYv.

llc}c}ssJJvv hhYYvv
jdEb zhsvfL sKsj mcd ifWqfv 9 mfn iv mrfbhD -v
bhczskv lwm hsNG k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth (ntfm oarB bf
jsv) mfvf pfb. mxkcAv nmq k]fv hqn rsqdYt 84 hYv. zfv
v dEj 2 mfn isv siammqD D JflDufW 65 hYv hqsn
zflwG fmD mrfbhD sYstsmsqslv sYsV rstfj kAfo
jsvb. mrfbhD ytfv isK (zffrv iviv) nfrfpAjfvD W
ixsifNj lc mrfb hAdksj rfdvsq hnstb.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv SSLLssppGvGv mmrrffi
ivvDD[
[ff
yfyf zfhC kfstshv mxkcAv iv zffrv bhD -v iadk
zkAfyfsvv mff shsV sot. zffrv nd tfsHv isK
mrfiadklfsbv zfwf svsJ dkdb njt j hvB jsv dbstb.
nQjsev shfUf mfKfq dbsqW dkdb sYfe-hV, fLDb-ivfLDb
(Dklfn) hQ bfvD-icvN dbdhGswsN njtsj mrfb zffrv
dlsj zfrhfb jvsk tfostb. kfsk iaskAj sof sKsj
zffr p]fv srlfqfk hQ r-ivjfst jtAfB sysqdYstb dkdb
k]fv zfrhfsb nfVf dlsq ntfm oarB jvstb.
hsb nrfj hstb, zfhC kfstshv mxkcAv iv jcvfwlt
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













23

zffrv bhD -sj uDhbfjv j dlsk v jvt.

hcJfvD W mcndtsm hdBGk sp, jlf dkdb (jf'hfv ifsw) bfmfp
iVdYstb. zbdk lCsv isV dYt (pshr jvfv iv) ]ebDv
oHGfwq. (mdrtfv spefsj Ict htf rq. zfhC ufrstv
zfslwsm) jhfr dhb zfhD mczfk kf dEsq sb
dnulfvk mrfbhD -v disE yfdisq dlt. dkdb dnulfq vk
Kfjstb. swN ipG k]fv jbAf Ifdkmf sn kf k]fv diE sKsj
ndvsq sItstb. zk}iv dkdb sE bfmfp swN jsv jcvfswv
ubA hczf jsv htstb, sr zffr! kcdm jcvfswv
sofDsj LQn jv. (hcJfvD + mcndtm 1794bQ)
hcJfvDsk zfsY sp, jlf jhfr dhb zfhD mczfk
mrfbhD -v hfsk Lsv k]fv OfsV yflv si]dysq k]fv
wfnsvfL jsv sIst. kf slsJ zfhC hfjXv Ycse sn kfsj
ndvsq sIst hstb, kc dj mb j hAdsj rkAf jvsk yfnX,
sp `zffr zfmfv iaHc' hst?

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv k
kffssqqI
I ppff
ff
mrfbhD -v lc Ffbf yfyf zfhC kfsth W D JflDuf (vf})
rfvfsbfv iv pJb k]fv iv zkAfyfsvv mff shsV sot, kJb
dkdb (dbvfwfv zjfsv zfwfv zfstfv nfsb) kfsqI nIv
jsvb. snJfsb si]ZsY nfjDI sofsv stfjdlosj ntfsmv
dlsj zfrhfb jsvb. dj lc}sJv dhNq sp, snJfsbW dkdb
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
kfslv jfsY sKsj kA, hA-dhi W j YfVf zbA djYc
sistb bf. snJfsb dkdb (10 zKhf) 30 dlb zhfb jvstb.
idvswsN kfvf k]fsj ifKv Y]csV zfOfk jvt. mbdj kfsk
k]fv ifsqv sofVftDq vf rsq sot. [sB dkdb mfq
dIsv zfnfv dnf dbstb. (dIvfv isK dkdb kfsqI sKsj 3
mft lCsv zhdk j zfcsvv hfofsb zfwaq sbb hQ
snJfsb lc rfk kcst j iadn lczf jsvb.)
dkdb hstb, zfdm kfsqI sKsj iafb jvtfm. sn nmq
zfdm dblfvb shlbf W lcdyfoa dYtfm. `jfvbcN Nfzfdth'
(hkGmfsb zfn-nftct jfhDv; pf dvqfp W kfv ifwGhkGD
tfjfv stfsjslv mDjfk)- sn idviCBG SykbAiaf r.
mfKf kcst iv dlsj kfdjsq sldJ, jJ smO zfmfsj Yfqf
jsv zfsY. t[A jsv sldJ kfsk duhvDt vsqsYb. dkdb
zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq htstb, `zfibfv nialfq zfibfsj
pf hstsY hQ zfibfv iadk sp lchGAhrfv jsvsY zffr kfv
nhdjYc sbsYb W slsJsYb. [sB dkdb ihGk-dbqBjfvD
dIdvfsj zfibfv dJlmsk siavB jsvsYb. zfidb Wslv
hAfifsv k]fsj pf Yf dbslGw ialfb jvb.' zk}iv ihGk-
dbqBjfvD dIdvf zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq nftfm dlsq
htstb, `sr mcrfmfl! zfibfv nialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY
dbyq zffr kf sbsYb. zfv zfdm ihGskv dIdvf.
zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv dbje siavB jsvsYb.
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













25

zfidb Wslv hAfifsv zfmfsj pf Yf kf dbslGw dlb. pdl

zfidb yfb sp, zfdm mfv lc ifrfVsj jdk jsv Wslvsj
disN LQn jsv dl, kfrst kf rsh.' dj zfdm httfm, bf,
hvQ zfdm zfwf jdv sp, zffr ufdkv ixslw rsk
mb hQwLv nxd jvshb; pfvf jmf k]fv hflk jvsh
hQ k]fv nfsK zbA jfsj wvDj jvsh bf. (hcJfvD + mcndtm)

jjllt
t ddu
ussbbvv nnt
tffmm ooararBB
mrfbhD -v hqn pJb 50 hYv 3 mfn rt, kJb k]fv
dbje bfnDhDb bfmj ufqofv jlt dub sn idk rq
hQ kfvf k]fv dbje msbfspfo nrjfsv jcvzfb wahB jsv
ntfm oarB jsv. zk}iv kfvf dbsuslv nialfsqv dbje
dIsv dosq hst, `sr zfmfslv nialfq! zfmvf skf j
dhmqjv jcvzfb wahB jsvdY; pf ndEj iKdbslGw jsv; zfv
kfv ubA zfmvf kfsk dhwfn fib jdv.' v hBGbf dlsq
mrfb zffr nCvf dub zhkDBG jsvb.
dg:$# zi xt yytG$# r& n<) zr& %
zKGf{, ht, zrDv mfLAsm zfdm zhok rsqdY sp, dubslv
jde lt npsk (jcvzfb ifE) wahB jsvsY---. (nCvf dub 1bQ
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
zfqfk, hcJfvD)
(v iv y dJ rWqfv zstZdjj Oebf Ose. dj kf
slsJ stfsjvf mrfbhD -sj pflcjv hst zdHdrk jsv.)
(bhczskv jflw hsNGv wWqft mfsn mrfbhD -v nfsK
zfhC hfjXv -v Yq hYv hqsnv jbAf zfsqwf (vf})-v
Hdhhfr ncni rq.)

nnvvff W
W ddmm''vvffu
u
(nvf mfsb SbwmB.) hYsv zffrv vnCt -sj k]fv
mbsj (nfdbk jvfv ubA) k]fv slrfkf nr mfndulct
rfvfsmv pmpsmv j]cqf W mfjfsm hvfrDsmv mLAhkGD fb sKsj
(nDbfyfj jvfv iv) j vfsk duhvDt -v nfryspG
hcvfsj ydVsq dIdtDsbv hfqkct mfjsln mB jvfsbf rq.
snJfsb sbsm (hcvfj sh]sL) nmshk zfdqfslv mfmdk jsv
bfmfp isVb. ( nIvsj nvf htf rq.)
(dm'vfu mfsb snfifb. snfifsb ysV sLG omb jvfsj
dm'vfu htf rq.) hfqkct mfjslsn bfmfp isV vfsk dbm
(iaKm) zfnmfsb hQ snJfb sKsj dkDq, kxkDq W iviv
nm zfnmfsb dbsq pfWqf rt. iaskAj zfnmfsb zfdqfoBsj
dbu dbu mpGflf zbcnfsv nf[f{ jvstb. zk}iv k]fsj
`dnlvfkct mcfrf' ipG dbsq pfWqf rq. snJfsb dkdb duhvDt
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













27

-sj k]fv dbu zfjxdksk lwGb jvstb; sp zfjxdk dlsq

mrfb zffr k]fsj nxd jsvsYb. uffk-ufrffm slJstb.
(dkdb zffrv dbjehkGD rstb. bCsvv ilGfv zvft sKsj)
zffr k]fv iv 5 zsv bfmfp Ivp jvstb. nmq
mrfbhD -v hqn dYt 51 hYv 9 mfn.
(Hq nIsv dkdb mrfb zffrv hV hV dblwGb lwGb
jsvb. dIsv sn sn Oebf Jcst htst jfsIvlt srsn dVsq
slq. zfhC hfjXv snnh jKf swfbfmf dhwfn jsvb hQ kfv
Ist k]fv ifdL rq `dnDj.')

ddhhddH
H ssooffss
nnt
tffssmmvv llffW
Wqqffk
k
zffrv vnCt dhdH ubnmfshw st; Osv-Osv, jfp-
mfuf W pct-mfufp hfufsv si]ZsY dbsusj stfsjslv jfsY
siw jsv kfslvsj zffr zfppf zuffv dlsj zfrhfb
jvsk tfostb.
jlf pct-mfufp hfufsv shv rsq stfjslvsj htstb, sr
stfj njt! `tf tfrf ffr (zffr YfVf ndkAjfv sjfb
ifnA sb)' ht, skfmvf nIt rsh.
sofsv stfsjslv dbje idk rsq dkdb htskb, sr
hfbD zmcj! zfdm skfmfslv dbje siadvk vnCt. zfdm
skfmfslvsj zfslw jvdY sp, skfmvf zffrv hflk jv hQ
k]fv nfsK sjfb djYcsj wvDj jsvf bf. zfv skfmvf zfmfsj
dhwfn jv. pfsk zffr zfmfsj pf dlsq ifdEsqsYb kf zfdm
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
jfpGjv jvsk ifdv.
dj k]fv jKf htf swN rsk bf rsk k]fv yfyf zfhC tfrfh
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29

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31

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4. sjfb IfnflD (dhlzfkD)sj nfrfpA jvf zKhf
kfsj zfwaq slWqf sjfb mcdmsbv ubA ShL rsh bf.
i[fsv mrfbhD mlDbfv qflDslv nfsKW nd fib
jvstb. sn nmq kfslv hfbc jfbcjf', hfbc bfpDv W hfbc
jcvfpfr bfsm dkbde sof dYt. slv msLA iaLfb hAd
zfcfr dhb nftfm ntfm oarB jsvb hQ zhdw njst
jfsIv sKsj pfq.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv ppc
c--u
uDDhhbb
mlDbfq hnhfnjfst mcndtmslv iaHfh W wd iadkf tfH
jvt. (dlsj jcvfwslv nfsK qflDslv dmdtk iasyfq
mcndtmslv Osv W hfsv dhil dOsv dYt.) nmq mrfb
zffr (mcndtmslvsj durfsl zbcmdk slb; hvQ) k]fslv iv
durfl Ivp sOfNBf jsvb. mrfb zffr hstb,
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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43

(#u3s? r& #|tu ( 39 . uu $tF)9$# 6n=t |=G.

3 39 @ uu $Zx (#6s? r& #|tu ( 69 yz uu $Zx
n=s? Fr&u n=t !$#u
zKGf{, skfmfslv ubA pc Ivp jvf rt. pdlW kf skfmfslv
dbje ziYlbDq. dj skfmvf pf iYl jv bf, nHhk} kf
skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv hQ skfmvf pf iYl jv, kf
skfmfslv ubA zjtAfBjv. zffr ufsbb, skfmvf ufb bf.
(nCvf hfjvfr 216 zfqfk)
mrfbhD k]fv uDhsb 28de pc jsvb. v msLA 9de pcs
dkdb nwvDsv zQwoarB jsvb. sndt rt pKfsm, hlv,
l, mcvfnD', Jlj, jcvfpfr, Jfhfv, mf dhuq, bfb
W kfsqI pc.
[sB zfmvf nQs[si k]fv djYc pc-dhoasrv jKf zfstfybf
jvh.

11.. ((hhV
V)) hhllvv ppc
c
pc nQOdek rq nb 2q druvDv 17 vmpfb hfsv
hlv bfmj fsb. sk mcndtmslv nQJAf dYt (313 hf) 314
ub hQ mcwdvjslv nQJAf dYt kfv 3 B. pcs mrfb
zffr ntfsmv dhuq lfb jsvb W mcndtmslvsj nmfb-
nmx jsvb hQ jcIv W jfsIvslv mfKf yCBG jsv slb. Jfsb
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
70 ub (sbkxfbDq hAdk nr zbAfbA) mcwdvj Jcb rq hQ
70 ub hlDvsi zfbDk rq. i[fsv mcndtmslv wrDl rb
14 ub.

22..
ll ppc
c
pc nQOdek rq nb 3q druvDv wWqft mfsn (mlDbf
sKsj 3 mft sv l ihGskv iflslsw). pcs mrfbhD
nvfndv nwvDsv pcs zQw oarB jsvb.
sk mcndtmslv nQJAf dYt j rfufv. kfv msLA zfcfr
dhb hf mcbfdIj 300 ubsj dbsq sjse isV. zfv (mf
sKsj zfok wlt) mcwdvjslv nQJAf dYt dkb rfufv.
slv dlb dYt mcndtmslv ubA zffrv kvI sKsj ivD[f
W pfyf-hfYf jvfv dlb. (pcsv iaKm dlsj mcndtm hfdrbDv
dhuq idvtd[k rstW idvswsN kDvlfu hfdrbDv bhhD
dbslGw tQOb jvfv Ist diYb sKsj jfsIvvf ifef zfmB
yftfst) mcndtmoB YH rsq isVb. Ist w zffrv
vnCt -v jfsY si]ZYsk n[m rq. zfOfsk k]fv dbsyv
syfqfstv Ffb dlsjv (dEj mfsUv ifwGhkGD) lcde l]fk sHs pfq
hQ k]fv jift dh[k rq. syfe tfso k]fv syrfvfq. (ofstv
idv zQsw dwvfsBv lcde jVf Tcsj pfq.). kf l]fk dlsq
kctsk dosq zfhC hflf -v mfsUv l]fk lcde sHs pfq.
mcndtm hfdrbDv 70 ub stfj wrDl rb. k]fslv msLA
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













45

zffrv dnQr (mrfbhD -v yfyf) rfmpfr dhb zfct

mcfdth zbAkm. wi[ k]fv jdtuf dydhsq vfo dmefq.
zfv mcwdvjslv lst dbrk rq mf 24 ub.

33.. z
zffrrppffhh,, JJllj
j hhff i
iddvvJJff ppc
c
pc nQOdek rq nb 5m druvDv wWqft mfsn. zfrpfh
mfsb ltnmCr. ltdt dYt jcvfw, ofkIfb W qfl.
dkbde lt dmst mcndtmslvsj lcdbqfv hcj sKsj dbmGCt
jsv slWqfv Yfq mlDbf zhsvfL jsv pc jvfv mb} jvt.
kfslv nQJAf dYt lw rfufv. zfv mcndtmslv nQJAf dYt mf
dkb rfufv. nftmfb IfsvnD mlDbfv mc dljefq idvJf
(okG) Jbsbv ivfmwG dlstb; pfsk jfsIvvf kf zdkm jsv
mlDbfv dHksv bf zfnsk ifsv. htf hftA, zffrv vnCt
idvJf Jbb jvfv zfslw slb. dkdb dbsuW kf Jbb jvfq
mcndtmslv nfsK zQwoarB jsvb. idvJfv dHksv (mlDbfq)
mcndtmvf dbsuslvsj ncvd[k jvstb. dkmsLA bczfm dhb
mfnl ntfm oarB jvstb. dkdb jCe sjZwstv mfLAsm
jfsIvslvsj ivfHCk hQ kfslv sjA Ifet nxd jsvb.
viv mrfb zffr kfslv ubA UV siavB jsvb. (kfsk
kfslv k]fhc, if W pcsv nfmoaD dhL rsq pfq.) Ist kfvf
ivfuq Djfv jsv dbu dbu wrsv dIvsk hfLA rq.
pcs mcndtmslv is[ Yq ub zfbnfvD iafB rfvfb hQ
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
mcwdvjslv is[ lw ub mfvf pfq.

44.. hhffbbDD j
jcvcvffppffvv ppc
c
ycd H jsv hfbD jcvfpfv qflDvf spsrkc mcwdvjslv
nfsK spfo dlsq Jlsjv pcs wfdmt rsqdYt, kf zffrv
vnCt kfslvsj wfsqf jvfv Yf sifNB jvstb. nckvfQ
Jlsjv pc-mqlfb sKsj dIvfv iv (duhvDt -v
dk msk) kfslv dlsj Lfdhk rstb. kfslv hndkst
si]ZsY 25 dlb kfslvsj zhsvfL jsv vfJstb. v Ist
kfslv zhf ndb rsq l]fVft. zhswsN kfvf (Dq dm sofD
zfWsnv sbkf) nf'l dhb mczfspv dhyfsv vfpD rsh hst
zdHmk hA jvt. dkdb kfslv icvNslvsj rkAf, bfvD W
dwslvsj hlD hQ Lb-nilsj heb jvfv Ifqnftf
dlstb. nckvfQ kfslv icvNslvsj rkAf jvf rt. zfv kfslv
nQJAf dYt 600 sKsj 700 ub mk. kfslv Lb-nil W
mdrtfslvsj mcndtmslv mfsU heb jsv slWqf rt.

55.. hhffbbct
ct mmc
cffddt
tjj hhff mmcvcvffnnDD''vv ppc
c
pc nQOdek rq nb 6 druvDv wf'hfb mfsn.
(mcndtmslv dhvs hfbct mcfdtsjv pciadkv Jhv sb)
mrfbhD kfslv mcvfnD' bfmj j Uvbfv iv rfmtf
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













47

yftfb. kfslv zsbsj Jcb rsq pfq hQ kfslv bfvD W

dwslvsj hlD jvf rq.

z
zffssqqwwff ((vvff}}))--vv yyddvvss jjttssvv jjffddrrbbDD
pc sKsj dIvfv isK mf zfsqwfv idh ydvs jt
vefq mcbfdIj zfcfr dhb hf W kfv nDvf. vebfsk
djYc mcndtmW dhwfn jsv hsnb. dj ivhkGDsk nfk
zfnmfsbv iv sKsj k]fv idhkf (hBGbf jsv nCvf bCsvv
jsqjde zfqfk) zhkDBG rq.

66.. llffddhhqqffvv nndd

pc dYt nb 6 druvDv pct-jf'lfr mfsn. zffrv vnCt
k]fv 1500 nfrfhD nr mvfr zflfsqv sswA shv
rstb. Jhv sisq mcwdvjvf k]fslvsj jf'hfq si]ZYsk hfLf
ialfb jvt. mrfbhD lfdhqfr ipG si]ZsY mcwdvjslv
nfsK lCk W i dhdbmq jvstb. idvswsN ncrft dhb zfmXv
sn ndycd jvt sp, k]fvf hYsv mvfr bf jsv dIsv
pfshb hQ zfofmD hYsv kf zflfq jvshb. mrfbhD ycd
smsb dbstb. dj nfrfhfslv jde ufmfzfk ycdsj
ziYl jvstb; pdlW snef dYt dhuq tfsHv nCifk.
zk}iv ivhkGD hYsv 7m druvDv pct-jf'lfr mfsn
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
lfdhqfr sKsj mvfr jfpf jvstb. nckvfQ dkdb
mvfv (rvfm h]fLf zhfq) mf iashw jvstb.

77.. JJffhhffvv ppc

c
7m druvDv mcrfvGfm mfsn mrfbhD Wqfdlt jcvf zhsvfL
jsvb. nmq mrfb zffr k]fv rfsk h qflD sjf uq
jvfb. sjfv nil obDmkvsi tfH jsvb. viv zbAfbA
sjfv qflDvfW zfknmiGB jsv.

qqffllDDssllvv ddhhwwffnnOOffkkjjkkff
pcs pfqbfh dht rfsvN bfmj j qflD mdrtf
zffrv vnCt -sj (lfWqfk jsv) dhN-dmdwak (ifjfsbf)
Yfot (sJsk) rfdlqf slq. dhwXv dhb hfvf' sn sofX sJsq iafB
rfvfb. mrfbhD nfmfbA oarB jsv kf ost sIstb hQ
njtsj nkjG jsv slb sp, sk dhN dmwfsbf zfsY. dhwXsvv
Jcsbv hltfvi mdrtfsj rkAf jsvb.

88.. mm
ff ddhhu
uqq--ppc
c
mf-dhusqv pc nQOdek rsqdYt 8m druvDv 20sw
vmpfb. pcsv jfvB dYt sp, zffrv vnCt W
jcvfwslv mfsU sp (lfdhqfv) ycd dYt kf kfvf H jsv.
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













49

v Ist mrfbhD lw rfufv nfrfhD dbsq jcvfwslv dhvs

pc jvfv ubA mfv dlsj pff jsvb. pffisK dkdb pfrvfb
bfmj ikAjfv jfsY zhdk ubisl zhfb jsvb.
nmq k]fv yfyf zffn zfhC ncdIqfbsj ns jsv zfbst dkdb
ntfm oarB jsvb. Ist zffrv vnCt dbvfisl dhbf pcs
mfq iashw jsvb.

99.. bbffssbbvv ppc

c
w lmsbv sswA pc rsqdYt 8m druvDv wWqft
mfsn. sk mrfb zffr NfjDI W rfWqfspb Hq sofsv
iv mcndtmslvsj dhuqD jsvb. rfWqfspb sofsv stfsjvf
mcndtmslvsj slsJ iftfsk v jvst, mcndtmvf kfslv
iyfsk LfWqf jsv kfslvsj rkAf W hlD jsvb. mrfbhD
kfslv Lb-nil W dw-mdrtfslv zdLjfvD rsq pfb. zfv
kfslv msLA rkAf jvf rq zsbjsj.

1100.. k
kffssqqssI
Ivv ppc
c
bfb sKsj dIvfv isK kfsqsIv pc rq. snJfsb lcsoG
zfwaqoarBjfvD NfjDI W rfWqfspsbv zhdw mcwdvjslv
zhsvfL jsvb. dj kfvf hwAkf Djfv jvt bf. hvQ lcsoGv
dHkv kfvf dbsuslvsj v[f jvsk n[m rt. Ist mrfbhD
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
kfslv Jch hV [dk nfLb jvsk ifvstb bf. htf hftA,
dkdb zhsvfL kcst dbstb hQ (mfq dIvfv isK) duvGfbfq
sn idk rstb. snJfsb rfWqfspb sofsv jde lt
ntfm oarB jsv k]fv jfsY idk rt. sn lstv ltidk
dYstb mfstj dhb zfWI. zffrv vnCt k]fslv pchlD
idvhfvsj sIv{ dlstb. mfstj dhb zfWIsj k]fv zfmDvD
isl hrft vfJstb. ivhkGDskW dkdb jub zflwG mcndtm
drnfsh iadkf tfH jsvb.
zk}iv 17 pct-jflfr mrfbhD duvGfbfr sKsj mvfr
zflfq jsvb. mvfv rvfm h]fLf zhfq dkdb mfq iashw
jsvb. zk}iv dkdb mlDbfq dIsv zfsnb.

1111.. k
kffhhCj
Cj ppc
c
pc rsqdYt 9m druvDv vuh mfsn. nQjemq pc-
iadk ni rsqdYt Nmfb dhb zfIXIfb -v zsTt
hlfbAkfq. (mcndtmslv ubA mdjvi mrfw) svfmjslv
dhvs pc jvfv ubA dkdb iafq 30 rfufv SnbA nr kfhCsjv
dlsj pff jsvb. pcs iafq 80 ub mcbfdIj hQ 3 ub
mcdmb zQwoarB jvf sKsj dhvk Kfsj. ivhkGDsk mrfb
zffr mcdmbslv kWhf jhct jsvb.
zffrv vnCt kfhCsj si]ZsY (nd jsv) dhbf pcs mlDbfq
dIsv zfsnb. (iafq ifw dlb zdkhfdrk rWqfv iv) 9m
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













51

druvDv vmpfb mfsn mlDbfq si]ZsYb.

mcbfdIjvf mcndtmslv mfsU nxd jvfv ubA `dpvfv'
mndul dbmGfB jsvdYt. nmq mrfbhD kf sHs sIstb.

sspp nnhh z Hppffssbb mmrrffbbhhDD

zddH
zzQQw
wooararBB jjssvvbb ddbb
mb djYc pc-zdHpfb dYt, pfsk mrfbhD dbsu
zQwoarB jsvb db; hvQ kfsk nfrfhfoBsj siavB jsvsYb -
kfsk nQONG srfj zKhf bf srfj. mb zdHpfb-hfdrbDsj
zfvhDsk `hcN hf nfvfqf' hst. mrfbhD mb zdHpfb-
hfdrbD siavB jsvsYb 56de. zhwA `nfdvqAfr' rt wv
smfjfdhtfq siadvk LGis[ 400 ub swa Sndbj dbsq odEk
jde lt. zfv `hf'N' hst `nfdvqAfr' sKsj Hfo rsq pfWqf
ltsj. zffrv vnCt -v siadvk nhGiaKm `hf'N' dYt k]fv
yfyf rfmpfr dhb zfct mcfdtshv 30 ub Sndbj dbsq odEk
jde mcrfsuvDbslv lt, pf `nfIct hfrv'- siadvk
rsqdYt. snJfsb lt zfhC ufrt dhb drwfm W kfv 300
ub nDv mcsJfmcJD rq. ksh Hq lstv mfsU nQONG nxd
rqdb.
swaBDv nhGswN spfflt rt wfm slswv sswA siadvk
nfmfr dhb pfql dhb rfsvNfv `hf'N'. mrfbhD nfmfsj
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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uDDhhbb
zfslw slb sp, dIdtDsbv hftjf' W lfvm (ofppfv isv
zhdk lcoG) spb k]fv zwhfdrbD fvf illdtk rq. (pfv
Ist svfmjslv msb mcndtmslv iadk fn nxd rq.) dj
hfdrbD mlDbf sKsj mf 3 mft lCsv ucIGX bfmj fsb si]ZsY
mrfbhD -v djfstv Jhv swfsb.

ddhhu
uqq W
Wiiadadk
kff t
tffssH
Hvv hhNNG G
druvDv 9m hsNG mrfbhD zfhC hfjXv dnDj -sj sn
hYsvv rsv zfmDv hfdbsq mfq siavB jsvb. zfv k]fv
ns zftD -sj nCvf hfvfzfk (kfWhfr) nr dbslGw dlsq
ifEfb sp, hYsvv isv sjfb mcwdvj spb jf'hf-oxsrv r
bf jsv hQ sjfb t hAd spb kfv kWqfI bf jsv.
hYsv ntfm oarsBv nfsK nfsK h iadkdbdL lt
zfnsk Kfsj hQ lst lst h mfbcN nkA Dsb iashw jvsk
Kfsj. jKfv HdhNAfBD dYt nCvf bfnsv;
=zt }$9$# |Mr&uu xGx9$#u !$# t u!$y_ #s)
) 4 tG$#u y7n/u ut2 xm7|s %[`#ur& !$#
$L/#s? t%2
zKGf{, pJb zfnsh zffrv nfrfpA W dhuq. kcdm slJsh
mfbcNsj lst lst zffrv Dsb iashw jvsk. kJb kcdm
skfmfv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhkf sOfNBf jv hQ k]fv
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













53

dbje [mf iafKGbf jv. dbyq dkdb [mfwDt.

hYsv zffrv vnCt mczfp dhb ufhft -sj zfhC
mCnf zfwzfvD -v nfsK (mchfdovsi) qfmfb siavB
jsvb. ifwGhkGD vfuf-hflwfslv dbje ntfsmv lfWqfk dlsq
dydEnr lCk siavB jsvb. ntfsmv lfWqfk hAfijHfsh iayfv
W ianfv tfH jsv. Dsbv jfstmfr nmcy rq. nkA zfok
hQ dmKAf dhtc rq. zfv zhwA dmKAf dhtDqmfb.

ddhhllffqqDD rr

druvDv 10m hsNG mrfbhD r zflfsqv sswA mf
shv rb. pct-jf'lfr mfsnv 6 (5 hf 4) dlb hfjD Kfjsk
hxridkhfv mlDbfq spfrsvv bfmfp isVb. zk}iv dkdb k]fv
nDlt nr shv rsq pct-tfIfq zfnsvv bfmfp isVb 2
vfjzfk. zk}iv snJfsb vfdpfib jsvb. Jfb sKsj
dkdb j nfsK r W mvfv (djvfb rsv) rvfm h]fsLb
hQ rvfm zhfq dkdb 4Ef pct-r (vdhhfv) mfq iashw
jsvb. stfsjvf dYt k]fv nmcsJ-iyfsk, Ffsb W hfsm.
njst yfq k]fv zbcnvB jsv r iftb jvsk.
( rs dkdb dkrfdnj dhlfqD HfNB lfb jsvb.)
rsv jfu nmfLf jsv dkdb mlDbfq iakAfhkGb jsvb.

z
zffllw
wG G u
uDDhhssbbvv z
zhhnnffbb
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swN r jsv mlDbfq dIsv mrfbhD pct-rsv hfjD
jsqj dlb, mcrfvGfm W nIv mfn (nc zhfq) zdkhfdrk
jsvb. zk}iv (29sw nIv) dkdb znc rsq isVb.
znckfv nCybf rq mfKf hAKf dlsq. hxridkhfv (zKhf
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v rq. mf zfsqwf (vf})v hfnfq k]fv waNf sbWqfv zfwfq
dkdb zbAfbA Dslv dbje sKsj zbcmdk sysq sbb. k]fvf
njst k]fsj zbcmdk lfb jsvb. hAKf k]fv mfKfq 12
zKhf 14 dlb zhAfrk Kfsj. zhfq dkdb zfhC hfjXv
dnDj -sj bfmfsp mfmdk jvfv zfslw ialfb jsvb. zfhC
hfjXv nmq 17 zsv bfmfp iVfb. j zsv bfmfp
dkdb zfhC hfjsvv ifsw hsn hsn mfm rsq zflfq jsvb.
djfstv jdlb iCshG dkdb k]fv lfnslvsj mcd lfb
jsvb. BGmcf pf dYt nh nfljfr jsv slb. zstf
mcndtmslvsj lfb jsvb. mDvfn htsk dkdb djYc hfjD
vfJstb bf.
djfstv dlb jbAf Ifdkmfsj jfsb jfsb k]fv dhlfq mcrCkG
Odbsq zfnfv jKf ufbfst dkdb sj]sl Estb. zk}iv k]fsj
zdk nv k]fv nfsK dmdtk hQ dkdb uffkD mdrtfslv sbD
rWqfv jKf ufbfsbf rst dkdb rfnstb.
rfnfb-nfbsj jfsY sFsj zflv jsv ycb dlstb.
DoBsj sFsj njtsj bnDrk jvstb.
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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55

svfo hxd sisk tfot. Jfqhfsvv dhN JfWqfv iadkdqfW

v rt. dkdb mksj nhGswN islw dlsq hfvhfv htstb,
bfmfp, bfmfp. zfv skfmfslv zLDb lfnlfnDoB (hAfifsv
nkjG rW).
j nmq dkdb dmnWqfj slsJ dmnWqfj jvfv Yf iajfw
jvstb. mf zfsqwf dmnWqfj dbsq dydhsq bvm jsv dlst dkdb
dmnWqfj jvstb.
mxkcA-pBf v rst dkdb ifsw vfJf ifsv ifdbsk lc rfk
Fcdhsq dbu mcJmt mcYsk mcYsk htstb, tf tfrf
ffr. mxkcAv vsqsY jdEb pBf.
nhswsN dkdb rfk zKhf zfct sftb jvstb hQ iv
dlsj lxd dv vfJstb. nmq k]fv sE]fe lcde bsV Et.
nmq dkdb htstb, sr zffr! bhD, dnDj, wrDloB hQ
n{hAdoB; p]fslvsj kcdm icvxk jsvY kcdm zfmfsj k]fslv
ltHc jv. zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW. zfmfv iadk kcdm lqf
jv. sr zffr! zfmfsj kcdm ncmrfb hcv nfsK dmdtk jv.
zk}iv swN jKfde dkbhfv icbvfhxd jsv k]fv rfk zhw
rsq tcdesq isV. idvswsN druvD nsbv 11 hsNGv vhDt
zfWqft mfsnv 12 kfvDJ, smfkfshj 632 dJafsv ucb
mfsnv 7 kfvDsJ snfmhfv k]fv zflwG uDhsbv dyv zhnfb Ose.
mxkcAv nmq k]fv hqn rsqdYt 63 hYv (4 dlb). bhczskv
iCshG 40 hYv, bhD W vnCt zhfq 23 hYv; v msLA 13 hYv
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mfq hQ 10 hYv mlDbfq jftfdkifk jsvb. djft
jsvb mlDbfq D zfsqwfv hcsj mfKf svsJ.
dlsj k]fv ivstfj omsbv Jhv nfrfhfoB dhwfn jvsk
ifvdYstb bf. mfv hstdYstb, `zffrv vnCt zhwA
dIsv zfnshb hQ sp msb jsv sp, dkdb mfvf sosYb, dkdb
kfv rfk-if sjse sItshb!'
zfv kvhfdv kcst hstdYstb, `sp htsh sp, dkdb mfvf
sosYb, zfdm kfv olGfb dVsq slh.'
dj zfhC hfjXv dnDj mrfbhD -v syrfvf sKsj jfiV
ndvsq ycb dlsq j]flsk tfostb. hfsv sn jcvzfb mfuDslv
zfqfk ifE fvf k]fv djfstv jKf iamfB jsv mfv -sj
iajxk jvstb. mlDbfq sbsm t nDmfrDb swfsjv Ob
zjfv.
mthfv mrfbhD -sj k]fv jfiVnr sofnt slWqf rt.
k]fsj sofnt dlsk zQwoarB jvstb, zffn, zftD, zffsnv
lc sYst IfpXt W jcNfm, mrfbhD -v fLDbjxk lfn
wfjvfb, nfmfr dhb pfql W zfWn dhb JfWtD .
sofnstv iv dkbde qfmfbD yflv dlsq k]fsj jfIbfsbf rt.
mksHslv iv k]fv mxkcAst mf zfsqwf (vf})v uvfq hotD
jhv Jbb jvf rt. nfrfhfoB lst lst Osv iashw jsv j
j jsv k]fv ufbfpf iVstb. ufbfpf iVstb mdrtf W
dwvfW. mthfv nfvf dlb ufbfpf ytt. idvswsN hcLhfv
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
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57

vfskv mLAHfso k]fv slr nmfdrk jvf rt.

t[ t[ mksj swfsjv nfosv Hfdnsq diaqbhD dyv
dlsbv ubA rjft rsk dhlfq dbsq mrfb hcv jfsY si]ZsY
sostb.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv i
iddvvhhffvvhhooG G
(diaqkmf D JflDuf sh]sy Kfjf zhdL dkdb dkDq dhhfr
jsvb db.) k]fv djfstv iv (bfbf drjmk W spZdjkfv
Jfdksv) jfdLj D oarB jsvb. ydvkdhlX hsb nrfj
hstb, dkdb nhGsmfe 13 ub D oarB jsvb. ]slv msLA 11
usbv nfsK k]fv Ov-nQnfv rq. zfv sk sjfb dmk sb sp,
djfstv nmq k]fv 9 ub D hkGmfb dYstb. k]fvf rstb,
(1) (zfhC hfjXv dnDsjv jbAf) zfsqwf (2) (mfv Ifvsjv
jbAf) rfInfr (3) (zfhC ncdIqfsbv jbAf) sm rfhDhfr
(vfmtfr) (4) sm nftfmfr (drlX) (5) mfmCbfr (6)
nfWlfr (7) pfqbfh (dhs ufrw) (8) ucqfdvqAfr W (9)
nfdIqAfr.
pfqbfh dhs JcpfmfrW k]fv dhhfdrkf D. dj dkdb k]fv
ns sjht 8 mfn nQnfv jsv iCshG mfvf pfb.
YfVf k]fv nfb hvfrDsmv mfkf mfdvqfr djhdkqfr
(zdLjfvHc lfnD) hQ vfqrfbf (zbcvi zdLjfvHc lfnD)
k]fv nfrypG W lfikA tfH jsvdYstb. (vfdpqff kfzftf
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mmctct mmcdcdmmbbDDbbssllvv nnQQdd[

[ iiddvvyyqq

((11)) JJffllDDu
uff ((vvff}}))
JflDuf dhs JcWqfdtl (vf}) dYstb mrfbhDv iaKm D.
dkdb dYstb iaKm mcndtm. dkdb fmDsj ntfsm iaKm
nrspfdokf jsvb. mrfbhD -v ns k]fv dhhfr dlsqdYstb
k]fv zff; mkfsv k]fv Hf zfmXv dhb JcWqfdtl. dkdb
mrfbhD -v uDhwfsk bhczskv 10m hsNG djft
jsvb. k]fv djfstv iCshG mrfbhD dkDq D oarB
jsvbdb.

((22)) nnffW
Wllffrr ((vvff}}))
nfWlfr dhs pfmzfr (vf}) mrfbhD -v dhhfr-hsb
zfsnb druvskv 3 h{nv iCshG. db dYstb jub dhLhf db
mfv -v dJtfIkjfst djft jsvb.

((33)) z
zffssqqw
wff ((vvff}}))
zfsqwf dhs zfhC hfjv dnDj mrfbhD -v dhhfr-hsb
zfsnb druvskv 3 h{nv iCshG; (bhczskv jflw hsNG)
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
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59

nfWlfr (vf})v dhhfsrv 1 hYv isv. kJb k]fv hqn mf 6

hYv. k]fv dikf zfhC hfjXv dnDj k]fv dhhfr slb. nm
Dslv msLA sjht dkdb dYstb jmf jcmfvD. druvskv 7
mfn isv wWqft mfsn k]fslv hfnv rq. kJb k]fv hqn 9
hYv. zfv pJb k]fv hqn 18 hYv, kJb mrfbhD djft
jsvb. druvD 58 nsb mczfdhqfv dJtfIkjfst 67 hYv hqsn
mlDbfq dkdb djft jsvb. hfjD' sofvfsb k]fv lfIb rq.
k]fv ufbfpf isVb zfhC vfvf .

((44)) rrffI
Innffrr ((vvff}}))
rfInfrv dhhfr dlsqdYstb k]fv dikf mfv Ifvj 3q
druvDv wf'hfb mfsn. dkdb jub dhLhf mdrtf dYstb.
dhhfsrv iv zffrv vnCt k]fsj jhfv kftfj dlsq
icbvfq dIdvsq sbb. nb 41 zKhf 45 zKhf 50 druvDsk
k]fv djft rq.

((55)) ppffqqbbffhh ddhhss

JJcpcpffmmffrr ((vvff}}))
4KG druvDv vmpfb mfsn mrfbhD k]fv nfsK dhhfr hsb
zfh rb. dkdbW jub dhLhf dYstb. ovDh-dmnjDbslv
iadk dkdb dYstb hV lqfG-rlq. kf k]fv ilhD rsqdYt
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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`mct mfnfjDb.' dkdb mrfbhD -v nfsK mf 8 mfn
nQnfv jsv ivstfj omb jsvb.

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ssmm nnfft
tffmmffrr ((vvff}}))
k]fv bfm dYt drlX dhs zfhD mfqAfr. dbW dhLhf
dYstb. druvD 4KG nfst (mkfsv 3q nfst) mrfbhD k]fsj
dhhfr hsb zfh jsvb. dkdb 59 druvD nsb; mkfsv 62
nsb qfpDl dhb mczfdhqfv dJtfIkjfst djft jsvb.

((77)) ppffqqbbffhh ddhhss

u
uffrrw
w ((vvff}}))
db zffrv vnCt -v IcIc mfmfv jbAf dYstb. iaKsm
k]fv dhhfr rq pfql dhb rfsvNfv ns; p]fsj mrfbhD -v
(sifNA)ic msb jvf rk. dj k]fv nfsK hdbhbfW bf rst
dkdb k]fsj kftfj slb. zk}iv sifNAicsv jciaKf dyvdlsbv
mk lCv jvfv mfbsn 5m druvDv pct-jf'lfr mfsn mrfb
zffr dbsu mrfbhD -v nfsK pfqbfshv dhhfr slb.
dhhfsrv ivdlb njfst ilGf Ivp rq. mrfbhD -v
djfstv iv DosBv msLA nhGiaKm db druvD 20 nsb
ivstfj omb jsvb. k]fv ufbfpf isVb mfv dhb Jffh .

((88)) u
ucqcqffddvvqqAAffrr ((vvff}}))
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
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61

ucqfdvqAfr dhct rfsvN hfbc mcfdtj pcsv pc-hdlbD

dYstb. pcsv obDmk hesbv nmq dkdb Nfshk dhb jfqsnv
Hfso isVb. Nfshk k]fv ns dbdlG idvmfB zsKGv dhdbmsq
fLDb jvfv ycd jsvb. dkdb zffrv vnCt -v jfsY sn
sn zsKGv hAfifsv nfrfpA iafKGbf jsvb. dkdb dYstb nlGfv-
jbAf. mrfbhD sn zKG ialfb jsv k]fsj q jsv fLDb
jvfv iv 6 druvDsk dhhfr hsb zfh jsvb. dkdb druvD
50 zKhf 56 nsb djft jsvb.

((99))
ssmm rrffhhDDhhffrr ((vvff}}))
sm rfhDhfr dhs zfhD ncdIqfsbv bfm dYt vfmtfr.
ntfsmv vsk fmDv nfsK rfhwfq druvk jsvb. snJfsb
fmD LmGkAfoD rsq mfvf pfq. mrfbhD k]fsj 6 zKhf 7m
druvDsk Dvsi hvB jsvb. dkdb mczfdhqfv dJtfIkjfst
44 druvD nsb rjft kAfo jsvb.

((1100)) nnffddI
IqqAAffrr ((vvff}}))
nfdIqAfr dhs qf dYstb Jfqhfsvv qflD LmGfhtD jdh
djbfbfv D. 7m druvDsk Jfqhfv pcs pc-hdlbDvsi dkdb
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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slrqf jfthDv Hfso isVb. dj dkdb dYstb nff W
nclvD. nfrfhfosBv zfwfbcvi 7de lfnDv dhdbmsq dbsq
mrfbhD k]fsj fLDb jsv dhhfr jsvb. fLDbkf k]fv
smfrv rq. druvD 36 druvDsk ; mkfsv mczfdhqfv
dJtfIkjfst k]fv djft rq.

((1111)) mmffmmCbCbffrr ((vvff}}))

druvD 7m nfstv pct-jf'lfr mfsn jfpf mvfr swN jvfv
iv mrfbhD mfmCbfr dht rfsvN zft-drtfdtqAfr
(vf})sj dhhfr hsb zfh jsvb. db dYstb hsb zffn W
Jfstl dhb ztDslv Jftf. db dhLhf dYstb. zffn -v
kfhLfsb dhhfr ni rq.
druvD 38; mkfsv 40 nfst mfv dbjehkGD nfdvsI k]fv
djft rq.

z
zbbAAffbbAA
DDooBB
mrfbhD sp mdrtfslvsj dhhfr jsvdYstb, dj k]fslv
ndrk hfnv rq db - ydvkjfv hsb nrfsjv msk - k]fvf
rstb lc ub; zfnmf dhs bc'mfb zft-djdlqfr hQ
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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63

zfmvfr dhs qfpDl (hf pfql) zft-djtfdhqAfr. hsb

nrfj YfVf zbAfbA ydvkjfvoB zfsvf jub Dv bfm
sJ jsv Kfsjb, p]fv nfsKW mrfbhD -v hfnv rq db; hvQ
k]fsj kftfj dlsqdYstb. dkdb rstb zfdtqfr dhs pfhqfb.
YfVf k]fv nfb hvfrDsmv mfkf mfdvqfr dhs wfmb
djhdkqfr zdLjfvHc lfnD dYstb. dmnv W flfdvqfv
vfuf mrfbhD -sj irfv vi k]fsj ialfb jsvb. zfv
vfqrfbf dhs zfmXvW zbcvi zdLjfvHc lfnD W hfbc
jcvfpfr sofsv pchdlbD dYstb. mrfbhD dbsuv
dJlmskv ubA k]fsj msbfbDk jsvdYstb. (vfdpqff kfzftf
zfb)
mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv nn
ffbb--nn
ddk
k
mrfbhD -v njt ic-jbAf JflDuf (vf})v osHG um
sbb. sjht hvfrDm dYstb mfdvqfr djhdkqfv osHG.
k]fv ic nfb dYt 4de. (1) jfsnm; zfv k]fv bfm Lsv
mrfbhD -v ibfm dYt zfhct jfsnm. dkdb zi jsqj
dlb mf lcdbqfsk sh]sy dYstb. (2) kfsrv (3) kfdqh W
(4) hvfrDm.
dkrfdnj kfhfvD zfsvf jub icsv jKf sJ jsvsYb.
dkdb rstb zfcfr. mkfsv kfsrv W kfdqh rt
zfcfrv ifdL.
hvfrDsmv um rq mlDbfq. dkdb 22 mfn uDdhk dYstb.
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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zk}iv mrfbhD -v djfstv mf 3 mfn zfso dkdb mfvf
pfb. k]fv mxkcAv nmq mrfbhD -v syfsJ zwa dhodtk
rq.
k]fv sYstvf njst dw zhfq mfvf pfb; dj smsqvf hV
rsq Ov-nQnfvW jsvb. smsqslv msLA hV rstb pfqbfh
(vf}). k]fv dhhfr rq k]fv Jftfskf Hf zfhct zfn dhb
vfhD'v nfsK. k]fv jde jbAfW usm, k]fv bfm dYt mfmfr.
pfqbfh 8m druvDsk djft jsvb.
dkDq jbAf dYstb vjfqfr (vf}). k]fv iaKm dhhfr rq
zfhC tfrfshv sYst khfv nfsK. dj (nCvf tfrfh zhkDBG
rWqfv iv) zfhC tfrfshv zfslsw hfnsvv iCshG sn k]fsj
kftfj dlsq slq. zk}iv k]fv icbdhGhfr rq Nmfb dhb
zfIXIfb -v nfsK. k]fslv jde ic nfbW umoarB
jsv. k]fv bfm vfJf rq zfcfr. vjfqfr fmDv nfsK rfhwf
W isv mlDbf druvk jsvb. zk}iv 2q druvDsk dkdb
djft jsvb.
mrfbhD -v kxkDq jbAf dYstb sm jctNCm (vf}). k]fv
iaKm dhhfr rq zfhC tfrfshv sYst kfhfv nfsK. dj hfsiv
zfslsw hfnsvv iCshG sn k]fsj kftfj dlsq slq. zk}iv
vjfqfv djfstv iv 3q druvDsk Nmfb (vf})v nfsK
k]fv icbdhGhfr rq. zk}iv 7m druvDv wf'hfb mfsn k]fv
djft rq.
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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65

mrfbhD -v ykcKG jbAf dYstb Ifdkmfr (vf}). k]fv dhhfr

rq zftD -v nfsK 2q druvDsk. hlv pcsv iv k]fslv
hfnv rq. k]fv osHG um oarB jsvb rfnfb, nfb, pfqbfh W
sm jctNCm . Ifdkmfr mrfbhD -v djfstv 100
dlb iv - mkfsv 11 druvDv vmpfb mfsn djft jsvb.
mfm bWhD hstb, mrfbhD -v 4 ub jbAf nfb rWqfv
hAfifsv sjfb dmk sb. zfv dh msk k]fv ic nfb dYt
3 ub.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--vv bbffmm WW BBffhhttDD

 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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k
k]f]fvv bbffmmffhht
tDD
uchfv dhb mckm jkGxj hdBGk, zffrv vnCt
hstsYb, zfmfv jfdLj bfm zfsY; zfdm mcrfmfl
(iawQdnk), zfdm zfrmfl (zdk iawQnfjfvD), (1) zfdm mfrD
(dbdyrjfvD); zffr zfmfv fvf jcIvD dbdyr jvshb. zfdm
rfswv (nmshkjfvD); zfmfv iyfsk njt stfjsj nmshk
jvf rsh. zfv zfdm zfsjh (iyfsk zfombjfvD); zfmfv iv
sjfb bhD sb. (hcJfvD + mcndtm)
zfhC mCnf zfwzfvD hstb, zffrv vnCt zfmfslv
jfsY k]fv dbsuv dhdH bfm hBGbf jvskb; dkdb htskb,
zfdm mcrfmfl, zfdm zfrmfl, zfdm mcjfIXID (nhGswsN
zfombjfvD), zfdm rfswv, bfdhk kfWhfr (kfWhfjfvD
bhD) hQ bfdhv vfrmfr (lqfwDt, vrmskv bhD).
(mcndtm)

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv ssllrrw
waDaD

( ) iajfw sp, bfm lcde jcvzfb mfuDslW sJ rsqsY.

1
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
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67

mrfbhD -v slr dYt mfUfmfdU oVsbv. dkdb bf shwD

tf dYstb, zfv bf Jfe. k]fv slsrv vM dYt soZv (lcsL-
zftkfq softf) hsBGv tfhBAmq. mfKfv sjw dYt Ob W nclv
(zdkdv sj]fjVfsbf dYt bf). jfsbv tdk ipG tf yct
dYt. ycstv vMW dYt Ob jfstf. k]fv jkj yct sisj nflf
rsq dosqdYt. kfsk dkdb (tftsy) jtI hAhrfv jsvsYb.
y[c dYt Ffov W ncmGf hvb. dYt sufVf W dyjb. hcj W sie
stfsm Tfjf dYt bf. zhwA Hsqv mLAHfso (nv W tf Hfsh
rftjf) stfm dYt. k]fv syrfvf dYt nhfv yfsk ncwaD.
softfjfv y]fl W nCspGv mk. mcJorv dYt iaw. lfdV dYt Ob.
bfj dYt nmck. k]fv j]fL dYt yWVf. mfKf dYt hV. OfV dYt
tf. ttfe dYt iaw. rfk-if dYt HfvD HfvD. sofVftDsk
mfQn dYt rftjf. rfskv skstf dYt svwm zsi[f bvm. k]fv
slsrv Ofm dYt mcfv mk hQ ncomq. k]fv lc j]fsLv mfsU
disE dYt bhczskv smfrv. dkdb (dhswN jsv bfmfsp) nfmsb
spmb slJskb, diYsbW skmb slJsk siskb. vfsk mrfb
zffr k]fsj ifbfrfv jvfskb. dkdb r]fefv nmq nmcJ dlsj
jec U]csj r]feskb.

mmrrffbbhhDD
ppff H
Hffsst
tffhhffnnssk
kbb
mrfbhD -v y[cwDktjfvD dudbn dYt bfmfp. zfv ifdKGh
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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dudbsnv msLA dkdb Hfstfhfnskb zfkv W D. dkdb nhfv
yfsk shwD Hfstfhfnskb zfsqwf (vf})sj. zfv icvNslv
msLA nhsysq shwD Hfstfhfnskb k]fv dikf zfhC hfjXvsj.
dkdb dmnWqfj jvsk Hfstfhfnskb. Jfhfsvv msLA mLc W
dmd dudbn iYl jvskb. sofsv msLA vfsbv sofX
Hfstfhfnskb. ndv msLA iYl jvskb tf hf jlc.
vsMv msLA nflf vM shwD iYl jvskb. sthfsnv msLA
iYl jvskb jfmDn (j]fL rsk sofVftDv iv ipG tf
ufmf).

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv mmc'c'ssu
uppffnnmmCrCr
mrfbhD -v nkAkf W bhczskv iamfsBv ubA mrfb
zffr k]fv mfsU djYc zstZdjj wd, zdkiafjxk dblwGb W
zSbndoGj jmGjf iajfw jsvdYstb. kfv djYc dbmvi }-
1. jcvzfb jfvDm } mrfb zffr nfdrkAoa dlsq
zfvshv nfdrdkAjslvsj yAfst jsvdYstb. dj k]fvf
sj zbcvi jde nCvf hf zfqfkW vybf jvsk n[m
rq db. zfv mrfbhD dbsu dYstb dbv[v. sjfb mfbcN
k]fv dw[j dYt bf.
2. y dJdk rWqf } mrfbhD -v zfcstv
wfvfq y dJdk rsqdYt hQ jcvfw kf nys[
lwGbW jsvdYt.
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
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69

3. bq wk stfsjv SnbAltsj jkjdt sJucv

Hvsie JfsqW idvswsN kf sh]sy dosqdYt.
4. mrfbhD -v zfctnmCsrv mfU rsk ifdbv
Uvbf iahfdrk rsqdYt. sn ifdb snbfhfdrbDv nhf ifb
jsvdYstb.
5. wis[v SnsbAv iv dkdb j mcsEf Lcstf
dYdesq dlst njstv syfsJ kf si]ZsY dosqdYt.
6. sp sJucsvv ]dVv iv l]fdVsq dkdb Jckhf
dlskb, dmv hfbfhfv iv kf kAfo jvst ]sev mk kfv
jffv w swfbf dosqdYt.
7. ofsYv Fft Lsv efb dlst ilGfv ubA ofY kfv ns
ystdYt.
8. (zffrv kvI sKsj) dkdb h ofqhD Jhv hQ
HdhNAfBD jsv sosYb, pf dEj dEj Hfsh OsesY, OesY W
Oesh.
spmb, dkdb hstdYstb sp, zfmfvsj j dhsfrD sofD
rkAf jvsh. kf OsesY. Nmfb -v dIkbfv dhNsq pf
hstdYstb, kf OsesY. rfnfb dhb zftD -v rfsk
mcndtmslv dhvfe lc lstv mfsU wfd fib rWqfv JhvW
nkA OsesY. jub mcufsrslv ubA hstdYstb sp, sn
ufrffmD. nfrfhfoB Jhv dbsq slsJb, sn zfkrkAf jsv mfvf
pfq hQ kfv Ist sn ufrffmD rsh. nvf' W dm'vfu msBv
isv mcwdvjvf kf dmKAf msb jsv nkAkfv iamfB sysq k]fsj
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












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hfqkct mfjslsnv bjwf ns iaw jvst, dkdb mf sKsj
kfv Ydh slsJ iCBGvi hBGbf dlsqdYstb. hlv pcsv iCshG
sjfvfwlstv jfv sjfKfq hLAHCdm rsh kfv bfm W fb
dydrk jsvdYstb. (dm} 5871 bQ) Jqhsvv j qflD mdrtf
k]fsj zfmdk jsv dhN-dmdwak mfQn sJsk dlsqdYt, kf dkdb
ufbsk sisvdYstb. (dm} 5931 bQ) mcndtmslv vrnA W
pc-iadk ndtk j sofib i nr j mdrtf
mcwdvjslvsj nkjG jvfv sswA mfv isK pfdYt, kfv
Jhv ufdbsq nfrfhf ifdEsq kf iadkrk jsvdYstb. mckf
zdHpfsb rpvk uf'Iv W pfqslv (vf}) wrDl rWqfv nQhfl
pcs[ sKsj sj dIsv zfnfv iCshG mlDbfq zhfb jsv
njtsj ufdbsqdYstb. (hc} 3630 bQ) k]fv djfstv iv
zfrst hfqskv msLA rpvk Ifdkmfv (vf}) iaKm mxkcA rsh kf
ufdbsqdYstb. kAjfv h dhNsqv HdhNA{ W zlxswAv Jhv
dkdb (zrDv mfLAsm) susbdYstb W ufdbsqdYstb.
9. mrfbhD -v nmcJ Jfhfsvv knhDr swfbf
sosY.
10. k]fv nkAkfv nfd[ dlsk rmcdsk jv knhDr
isVdYt.
11. dkdb nvf' W dm'vfu msB dosqdYstb.
12. Jfqhfsvv dlb zftD -v sblfsr k]fv syfsJ
mrfbhD KcKc tfdosq dlst nfsK nfsK Hfstf rsq dosqdYt
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
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uDDhhbb













71

hQ kfviv zfv sjfb dlb k]fv svfo slJf slq db.

YfVf zfsvf h mc'supf dYt k]fv; pf sJ jvsk rst hV
zfjfsvv jsqj Jsv oa vybf jvsk rsh.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv SShhddw
wAA
mrfbhD zfmfslv mk mfbcN dYstb. dj zfmvf k]fv mk
zhwA b. nfLfvB mfbcsNv kctbfq k]fv djYc B dYt
zdkdv, djYc ShdwA dYt k. djYc jmG dYt k]fv ubA ShL;
dj mskv ubA zShL hQ zbA djYc jmG dYt; pf k]fv ubA
zShL hQ mskv ubA ShL. swaBDv jdkiq ShdwA
dbmvi }-
1. mrfbhD -v ubA yfsvv zdLj D oarB rftft
jvf rsqdYt. spsrkc k]fv jfsY pctsmv stwmf dYt bf.
2. k]fv dhhfr dhbf nf[Dsk ni rk.
3. k]fsj sp ofdt dlk zKhf k]fv dYfshNB jsv
dblf jvk, kfsj rkAf jvf k]fv ubA rftft dYt.
4. k]fv ubA `nWsm dhnft' (mfsU IkfvD bf jsv
hQ snrvDW bf sJsq jefbf lc zKhf kskfdLj dlb
svfpf vfJf) ShL dYt.
5. dkdb Ocdmsq sE WpC bf jsv bfmfp iVskb.
jfvB, OcsmW dkdb ncvd[k rskb. (k]fv y[c dbfdHHCk
rk; dj rlq nufo Kfjk.)
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
6. k]fv ubA kfrfcslv bfmfp dYt Wqfsuh.
7. wqkfb k]fv zfjxdk LfvB jvsk ifsv bf.
8. k]fv hAhrk W slr sKsj dhdY (mtmC W v
YfVf) njt dudbn dYt hjGkmq msrZNL.
9. k]fv iChGfiv de mfuGbf jvf rsqdYt.
10. k]fv zfrhfsb nfVf slWqf Wqfsuh dYt; pdlW
zfrk hAd bfmfpvk Kfjk.
11. k]fv kftfj slWqf hf djft jvfv iv k]fv
nm Dsj zisvv ubA dhhfr jvf rfvfm dYt.
12. dIdvf k]fv nfsK pcs zQwoarB jsvsYb. k]fv
iCshG hf isv jfsvf nfsK jsvb db.
13. mrfb zffr k]fsj hxr{ wfIfzfk lfb jsvsYb.
14. djqfmskv dlb k]fv mk nQJAf nhfv yfsk shwD
rsh.
15. dkdb djqfmskv dlb zflm nfsbv nlGfv W
sbkf rshb.
16. dkdb nhGiaKm jhv sKsj icbvdk rshb.
17. dkdb nhGiaKm ictdnvfk ifv rsq uffsk iashw
jvshb.
18. k]fv mc'supf jcvzfb mfuDl djqfmk zhdL
zhdw Kfjsh. dj zbAfbA bhDslv mc'supf k]fslv
uDhbjft zhdL nDmfh dYt.
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
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uDDhhbb













73

19. j mfsnv iK zhdL lCv sKsj stfsjvf k]fv Hsq

n rk.
20. k]fv ubA pct nil rftft jvf rsqdYt.
21. dkdb nfvf ufrfsbv dub W bnfsbv ubA nhGswN
bhD.
22. dkdb zbAfbA mfbcsNv kctbfq dB uvoa
rskb.
23. k]fsj 30 ub icvsNv nmfb spZb-[mkf lfb jvf
rsqdYt.
24. k]fsj nfvoHG mb jKf htfv wd ialfb jvf
rsqdYt, pfv w jm; dj zKG shwD.
25. k]fv iadk jhfv lvl W nftfm iVst lwhfv
zffrv vrmskv zdLjfvD rWqf pfq.

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv yyddvv

mrfbhD hstb, zfdm njt nydvkfsj idviCBGkf lfb
jvfv ubA siadvk rsqdY. (zfrmfl)
mf zfsqwf (vf}) k]fv ydv ians dufdnkf rst sv
htstb, `k]fv ydv dYt jcvzfb.'
k]fv iaHc k]fv k ydvsv iawQnf jsv hstb,
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb

5t @,=z 4n?ys9 y7)u

zKGf{, zhwA kcdm mrm ydvsv zdLjfvD. (nCvf jftfm 4
zfqfk)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
==s)9$# x=x $s |M. s9u ( s9 |M9 !$# zi 7ymu $y6s
( y79xm (#x]
zKGf{, zffrv vrmsk kcdm kfslv iadk sjfmt-rlq
rsqdYst; pdl kcdm vP W jsEfv-dy rsk, kfrst kfvf
skfmfv zfwifw rsk nsv iVk. (nCvf zfst mvfb 159 zfqfk)
dkdb zbA hstb,
Gt $t n=t t 6r& i u 2u!%y` s)s9
m u 9$$/ 6n=t xm
zKGf{, skfmfslv mLA rsk skfmfslv dbje zhwA j
vnCt snsY; skfmfslv jsHfo kfv is[ lc}nr. sn skfmfslv
drkfjfJD, mcdmbslv iadk lqfG W ivm lqftc. (nCvf kfWhfr 128 zfqfk)
htf hftA, dkdb dYstb nhfv sysq shwD lfbwDt, nhfv sysq
shwD nkAhflD, nhfv sysq shwD sjfmt-rlq, nhfv sysq shwD
mrfbcHh, nhfv sysq hV hDv, nhfv sysq shwD iCk-ydv, nhfv
sysq shwD dhbqD.
k]fv zfyvsB zrQjfv dYt bf. dkdb k]fv nmfbfsKG jfsvf
lfqmfb rWqfsj iYl jvskb bf. lfnslv lfWqfk jhct
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













75

jvskb. dbsuv uckf dbsu sntf jvskb. dbsuv jfiV

dbsu idvjfv jvskb. dbu rfsk YfoD slfrb jvskb.
dbsuv dJlmk dbsu jvskb. mfKfq skt hAhrfv jvskb
hQ ifoVD h]fLskb.
dkdb ilGfbwDb kvBDslv yfskW shwD tfwDt dYstb.
irfv-isTZjb oarB jvskb hQ kfv iadklfbW dlskb.
nfljfr (pfjfk) oarB jvskb bf hQ kf sJskbW bf.
dbsuv sjfb fsKG jfsvf iadk sfLfdhk rskb bf; zhwA
zffrv dhLfb tQOb hf sjfb rfvfm jfu rsk slJst dkdb
dbu iaHcv ubA vfofdhk rskb.
dkdb sjfb dlb sjfb D zKhf Jfslmsj iarfv jsvb db.
zisvv zdLjfv zflfsqv hAfifsv k]fv dbje Ov-iv, nht-
lchGt W fLDb-Dklfn njst nmfb dYt.
nfmsb sp Jfhfv zfnk dkdb kf sJskb, pf zfbf rk kf
dIdvsq dlskb bf. pf zvdyjv rk kf huGb jvskb; dj
kfv de hBGbf jvskb bf. sp Jfhfv Kfjk bf, kfv ubA j-
syf jvskb bf. dkdb srtfb dlsq Jfhfv sJskb bf.
dkdb ovDh-dmnjDbslv nfsK Ef-hnf jvskb. znc svfoDsj
nf[f{ jsv nfbf dlsk spskb. ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvskb.
sOfVf, ]e, ofLf W Jysvv disE nWqfv rskb.
dkdb vrnA-vdnjkf jvskb; dj nkA YfVf dmKAf hst bq.
dkdb dwslv nfsKW mvf jvskb. dkdb mcydj rfnskb;
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
rf-rf jsv z rfdn rfnskb bf.
dkdb oxrftD jfsu idvhfsvv nrspfdokf jvskb hQ
htskb, skfmfslv msLA Hfstf sn, sp kfv Dv jfsY Hft.
zfv zfdm zfmfv Dslv jfsY Hft. (dkvdmpD)
zfbfn dhb mfstj hstb, `zfdm lw hYv zffrv vnCt
-v dJlmk jsvdY; dj sp jfu jsvdY sn jfsuv ubA
dkdb SjdIqk kth jsv hstb db sp, sjb jvst? zfv sp
jfu jdv db sn jfsuv ubAW dkdb SjdIqk kth jsv hstb
db sp, sjb jvst bf?'

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv rr
WW
mmvvffrr
mlDbfq druvk jvfv iv dhlfqD r YfVf zfv zbA sjfb
r jvfv ncspfo dkdb ifb db. zhwA druvskv iCshG lc hf
kfvW shwD r jsvsYb.
dkdb mvfr jsvsYb smfe yfvde. dkbde pct-jf'lfr mfsn
hQ jde k]fv rsv nfsK. iaKm mvfr lfdhqfv hYsv,
pf iftb jvsk mcwdvjvf hfLf ialfb jsvdYt. dkDq mvfr
dYt ivhkGD hYsv kfv jfpf. kxkDq dYt duvGfbfv mvfr
hQ ykcKG dYt k]fv rsv nfsK.
mmrrffbbhhDDvv z
zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb













77

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv hhffllk
k
hsb mfnl hstb, j vfsk bhD -v nfsK bfmfp
iVtfm. dkdb djqfm jvsk Kfjstb, idvswsN zfdm ml
Yf jsv sIstdYtfm. k]fsj dufnf jvf rt, sn ml Yfde
dj? dkdb htstb, zfdm Yf jsvdYtfm sp, k]fsj sYsV dlsq
hsn pfh! (hcJfvD, mcndtm)
pfIf dhb qfmfb hstb, j vfsk bhD -v nfsK bfmfp
iVtfm. dkdb nCvf hfjfvfr iVsk v jvstb. zfdm
Hfhtfm, rqskf hf dkdb 100 zfqfk ifE jsv dnulfr
jvshb. dj dkdb kf zdkm jsv sostb. Hfhtfm rqskf
hf dkdb nCvfdesj 2 vfjzfsk iVshb. dj dkdb kfW
zdkm jsv sostb. Hfhtfm, dkdb rqskf nCvfde swN jsv
vjC jvshb. (dj bf, kf bf jsv) nCvf dbnf v jvstb.
kfW isV swN jvstb. kfviv nCvf zfst mvfb Lvstb hQ
kfW isV swN jvstb!
dkdb LDsv-LDsv zfqfk ifE jvdYstb. knhDrv zfqfk ifE
jvst knhDr iVdYstb. iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE jvst iafKGbf
jvdYstb. zfwaq iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE jvst zfwaq iafKGbf
jvdYstb. zk}iv vjC jvdYstb. (mc}, bf})
dkdb kfrfcl bfmfsp k lDOG djqfm jvskb sp, kfv Ist
k]fv if Icst spk. k]fsj htf rt sp, zfibfv skf zfso-
disYv njt de zffr [mf jsv dlsqsYb? (kfW zfidb k
 mmrrffbbhhDDvv z












zffllwwG G u
uDDhhbb
j jsv hflk jsvb sjb?) dkdb htstb, zfdm dj
zffrv jxk hflf rh bf? (hc}, mc}, dm} 1220bQ)

mmrrffbbhhDD
--
vv SSllbbddllbb u
uDDhhbb
lc ufrfsbv hflwf mf zfsqwf (vf})v hfnfq sp dhYfbfq
sq Ocmfskb kf dYt yfmVfv hQ kfv Hvfe dYt sJucv ofsYv
sYfhVfv! zfv mf rfInfv hfnfv dhYfbf dYt iwsmv.
dkdb sjfb sjfb nmq iv iv lc-dkb vfk vfskv Jfhfv
sJsk siskb bf. sjfb dlb lc shtf sofX W vde JfWqf HfoA
sufse db k]fv. zdLjfQw nmq sie Hsv Jfhfv ucek bf. zhwA
sjfb smrmfsbv ns sJst (kfv mb v[f jsv) kx rsq
sJskb. jJsbf jJsbf mfsnv iv mfn zdkhfdrk rsq spk
hQ k]fv Osv yctf utk bf! (sn nmq sjht sJucv W ifdb
sJsq jftfdkifk jvskb.) [cLfv kfVbf rff jvfv ubA
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb sise ifKv sh]sL vfJskb.
Ifnfff zftfdr znffm. sn zffrv iawQnf dpdb
zfmfslvsj k]fv mk hfdbsqsYb. k]fv jfsY zfmfslv
zfjct zfshlb, dkdb spb k]fv nfsK zfmfslv rfwv jsvb.
k]fv zflwG W srlfqfk zbcpfqD zfmfslv uDhb oVfv
kWIDj dlb. dkdb iafKGbf wahBjfvD, swa mfWtf W mllofv.