Introduction

Background of the Study

In this modern world of technology the price of the products becomes a challenge to every users
particularly the scarcity of resources in order to address the demands of consumers. Nowadays
problems to supply the needs of Markers ink will be in demand especially in the modernized and young
industrialized countries throughout the world. Even the government encourage young scientist to
discover things that can be useful and answer to the needs of social changes. . (Nildo Olivera, 2012)

As we all know Alugbati plant (Basella Rubra Linn) is a very nutritious and delicious vegetable, full of
vitamins and nutrients. But aside from its fascinating looks, it is also composed of color pigments. These
pigments are possible in making and producing ink and dye. Alugbati plants have many kinds of colors,
there are blue-green, red-violet, yellow-green, violet or simply green. (Stephen Roy Pedroza, 2008)

Ink is one of the major and primary things that people should have. Ink is used in ball pens, marker pens,
printers and many more. Everybody needs ink for writing and coloring purposes. But we are spending so
much money just to buy and avail it.

Ink is also a coloring material. But the dye sell in the market is so expensive so this project intends to
lessen our expenses in buying dye and ink. Its products are safe, environment-friendly and it's cheap and
available anywhere as long as you have this Alugbati plants.

Ink is a liquid pigmented substances used for writing and printing or even for drawing purpose.
For which of is used; All ink, however contain 2 or more rudimentary components a pigmented or dye
called a colorant and vehicle, a liquid form into which the colorant is dispersed for. Many Inks differ
from the paint only in the purpose which they are used. Ink is one of the most important components
of marker without Ink, marker is useless. (Nildo Olivera, 2012)
Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to produce markers ink out of Alugbati fruit extract.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following question:

a) What are the colors can be extracted from the Alugbati to prove it as ink?

b) What are the properties of Alugbati can we found and made it in any color?

c.) Is Alugbati fruit extract has a potential as an alternative for markers ink?

Significance of the study

This study is trying to encourage the ink Industry to use this natural source of ink so that they could
lessen their expenses in buying chemicals and those toxic and harmful elements.

This research project trying to help ordinary people to plant in their gardens and backyard. It aims to
determine how important on giving value on simple vegetable.

The Basella Rubra Linn's fruit juice can be used as ink. It is a fruit seem to have been earlier used for ink
purposes. We can use it in Marker's Ink. Natural colored ink from Basella Rubra Linn is most
environmental friendly from commercial ink.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is to extent the use of Alugbati Fruit Extract as a source of making ink and its great feature of
ink. The Alugbati Fruit is primary thing to be used in making ink.

Hypothesis

Ho: Alugbati fruit extract has no potential as an alternative markers ink.

Alugbati - grows well in tropical lowlands at. It also grows in temperate regions. Alugbati thrives in many
soils, but sandy loam appears to be most suitable. The leaves are somewhat fleshy, ovate or heart-
shaped, 5-12 centimeters (cm) in length, tapering to appointed tip and heart shape at the base. The
spikes are axillary, solitary and 5-29 cm in length. The flowers are pink and about 4 millimeters (mm)
long. the alugbati has a fleshy fruit that can produce a juice that can produce ink.

Vinegar Vinegar enhances the color and acts as a preservative.Salt- salt is a preservative.

70% Ethyl Alcohol- rubbing alcohol hastens drying time after use.

Inkis use to draw a text or design.

Research Paradigm
CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

According to Sara Ipatenco, State that Alugbati is a common vegetable in the Philippines, and it's also
known as Malabar spinach, though it isn't spinach at all. The vegetable has heart-shaped leaves that
grow along a vivid red stem. The alugbati plant bears fruit that ranges in color from dark green to red.
Alugbati, though it's not spinach, can be used as a substitute for spinach in salads and other recipes. If
you opt to expand your palate and give alugbati a try, you'll get a wealth of nutrients, as well as a few
health benefits.

Conclude by Cagayandeoro about year 2013,illutrates the stems are green or purplish. The leaves are
somewhatfleshy, ovate or heart-shaped, 5-12 centimetres (cm) in length, stalked, tapering to apointed
tip and heart shape at the base. The spikes are axillary, solitary and 5-29 cm inlength. The flowers are
pink and about 4 millimetres (mm) long. .

Noted by Cagayandeoro about year 2013, emphasizes that the Alugbati is commonly grown for its
young shoots which make an excellent Succulent, slightly mucilaginous vegetable, used as a pot herb in
stews or soup; consumed boiled, fried in oil or sometimes as a green salad. Its fruits seem to have been
earlier used for dyeing purposes in China. The red fruit juice can be used as ink, cosmetic and for
coloring foods. The young leaves can be used as laxative, the pulpedleaves to poultice sores, red fruit
juice as eye drops to treat conjunctivitis and the rootsasrubefacient. The red forms are commonly
planted as ornamentals and are, evenbecoming popular in Europe as pot plant.

State by Natural Care about 2007,reveals that its good for health and works as a soft laxative. The roots
are quite effective in removing redness of the skin. It has been used in dressing to cover up the swelled
area to minimize the puffiness. In case of burn and scald, apply the mixture of leaf pulp and butter on
wound. It produces a cooling effect. Liquid of the plant is effective for acne eruptions and also eases
inflammation. For child and pregnant lady, the decoction of the leaves make a better laxative.

Proposed by Dr. Aligui about year 2007, explains that the Alugbati is an excellent source of anti-
oxidant good source of vitamin A, B, and C, calcium, and iron. Also a good source of rough age.

Remarks by Marvin about year 2011, suggests that the Alugbati is a good source of essential
nutrients. Excellent source of calcium, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin B and iron.

Explains by prescription for nutritional", year 2012, it suggests that you can make a remedy to treat
headaches by mixing the liquid from the leaves of the alugbati plant with the stalks of this plant. Further,
you canuse the fruit of this plant to create a natural makeup for the lips and cheeks. Moreover, alugbati
is a vegetable source of calcium, iron and vitamins A, B, and C.

Indicates by "Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: The Definitive Home Reference Guide to 550 Key Herbs
with All Their Uses as Remedies for Common Ailments, about year 2012, it emphasizes that the alugbati
is an easily digestible spinach that can act as a mild laxative. Additionally, you can apply a pulp made
from the leaves of this plant to boils, ulcers and abscesses to help suppress the discharge of puss.
Moreover, the leaf juices, thoroughly rubbed and mixed with butter, can create a soothing and cooling
application to treat burns and scalds.

According to Kimberly Collado about year 2015, propose that Ink can widely used over the years to color
a surface to produce an image text or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush or a
quill. The two most used black writing inks I n history are carbon inks and iron gall inks.

Review of Related Study

According to Glorex_Einstein about year 2008, suggests that Alugbati stems as a skin moisturizer. To
produce an effective product to the population of the people who has skin problems.

Written by Ferdinand Mortel, shows that the alugbati seed can be extracted as Organic Stain for
Hematologic Blood Smear. The blood cells can be stained by the extracted dye coming from fruit of
Basella rubra.
Stated by Kathrina about year 2009,proposes the Feasibility of Alugbati (Basella Rubra Linn) Fruit Extract
as biological Stain. The alugbati stain is feasible and it is comparable to the commercial stain in terms of
clearness but its permanence did not last longer.

Based on Maricar Daling about year 2009, it illustrates the feasibility of Alugbati seed as Food coloring.
As based on the results the alugbati seed can be made into a food coloring and can be a potential source
of food coloring production.

Established by Nildo Olivera about year 2012, it states that Colored Ink for Computer Printer out of
Malabar nightshade extract. Alugbati berries can be extracted to produce colored ink for computer
printer.

Bensurto about year 2008, suggested that alugbati seed can be extract as fabric dye and it can be
potential source of fabric dye. The dye can produced from Alugbati berries.

According to Riezen about year 2011, proposeMalabar Night Shade or Alugbati for Abscess and Furuncle
(Naknak at Pigsa).Alugbati is also best in healing Abscess and Furuncle.

Based on All About Alugbati about year 2014, it unvocates that Alugbati can heal Diabetes. The studies
that show that as an antioxidant, action of B. rubra in alugbati showed potential ability to reduce blood
sugar levels. The positive results however only applies to rats and has not been confirmed or validated if
the same effect happens to diabetic humans.

CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

A. Collection of Materials

- The Collection of Materials such as Alugbati Fruit, Mortar & Pestle, Empty Ink Bottle,
Alcohol, Salt, it was purchased at Tiza St. Brgy. Poblacion Narra, Palawan.

Figure 1. Mortar and Pestle Figure 2 .Alugbati Figure 3. Salt

Figure 4.Vinegar Figure 5. 70% Solution Ethyl Alcohol

B. Preparation of Materials

- The Collection of Materials such as Alugbati Fruit, Mortar & Pestle, Empty Ink Bottle, Alcohol,
Salt, it was purchased at Tiza St. Brgy. Poblacion Narra, Palawan.

Figure6. Materials

C. Testing of Samples

- The Materials were tested at Narra National High School Research Laboratory.
Figure 7.Alugbati in Plastic Figure 8. Alugbati in Mortar and Pestle

Figure 9. Crashed Alugbati Figure 10.Squeezing Alugbati

Figure11. Adding Salt in Alugbati fruit Extract Figure 12. Adding Vinegar in Alugbati Fruit

Extract

Figure13. Adding Alcohol in Alugbati Figure 14 Mixing the Alugbati

Fruit Extract Fruit Extract

Data Collection

After the Testing of Samples, The collections of result were collected at the Narra National High School
Research Laboratory.

Figure16. Product

Schematic Diagram

CHAPTER IV

Result and Discussion

TREATMENTS SUBSTANCES RESULTS

Alugbati Fruit Extract Pure Alugbati Fruit extract The pure Alugbati Fruit Extract having a bad
smell and dried up on the second day of extracting.

Alugbati Fruit Extract Alugbati mixed with Salt, Vinegar, 70% Ethyl Alcohol, The Alugbati mixed
with Salt, Vinegar, and 70% Ethyl Alcohol is smelly in the first place but later on it smells good and the
color went out.
Commercialize Ink Mixed with Hazardous Chemicals There are some substances that are
poisonous and dangerous to our health.

Table 1.Results

This table shows the result about how effective the Pure Alugbati Fruit Extract; Alugbati Fruit Extract
mixed with Salt, Vinegar, and 70% Ethyl Alcohol; and lastly the Commercialized Ink that mixed with
hazardous chemicals.

The Pure Alugbati Fruit Extract is effective in the first place but when Alugbati lasted only for 2 days the
result are having a bad smell and dried up, while the Alugbati Fruit Extract mixed with Salt, Vinegar, and
70% Ethyl Alcohol is smelly in the first place but later on the smells got better than before and the color
of it went out, and while the commercialized ink that mixed with hazardous chemicals is not good in our
health.

CHAPTER V

Summary and Conclusion

Summary

This Study aims to determine the effectiveness of Alugbati fruit extract to prove that it can be used to
make it as ink substitute.

Specifically it seeks to answer the following question:

1. The colors can be extracted to Alugbati fruits are Violet , Magenta and Fuschia.

2. The Properties of Alugbati we can found is the Fruits that produce juice to make ink.

3. We can smash the Alugbati Fruit to extract

Conclusion

Therefore we conclude in focusing in the production of ink out of the Alugbati Fruit Juice has a great
feature as an ink. And this plant is cultivated here in Philippines. Experimentation with Alugbati Fruit
Extract with other substances, and so with the various process based on the ink making in the ink
industry. In correspond to the collected data and based on the experiments, it was concluded that
Alugbati Fruit is feasible and it is comparable to the commercial ink in terms of clearness. After which
testing, treatments, and comparison and contrasting were done, we can conclude that our research is
successful. Through this research, most likely the discovery of the seed and its potential as ink is a good
product for the community.

Recommendation
1. The community will be informed and trained on how to make marker inks from Alugbati fruits
and it will serve as an income-based livelihood.

2. Using such type of marker ink which is not hazardous to the environment helps the whole
community to use and produce this kind of product.

3. This research could help the community look for alternative source of ink for markers. And it
may also help them to challenge and developed new products for ink.

4. The result of this study will also help to enrich their capabilities in developing local available
resources for colored ink.

5. It is also environment-friendly because the materials used are very natural.

6. Further study about alugbati as ink

Appendices

Figure 1. Mortar and Pestle Figure 2.Alugbati

Figure 5. 70% Solution Ethyl Alcohol Figure 6. Materials

Figure7.Alugbati in Plastic Figure 8. Alugbati in Mortar and Pestle

Figure 9.Crashed Alugbati Figure 10. Squeezing the Alugbati

Alugbati Extract

Figure13. Adding Alcohol in Alugbati Figure 14. Mixing the

fruit Extract

Figure15 Transferring Figure 16. Product

Review of Related Literature

http://www.nature-natural.blogspot.com/2007/08/alugbati-and-its-various-uses.html

http://www.scribd.com/doc/59058978/Feasibility-of-Alugbati

http://cagayandeoro.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ALUGBATI.pdf

http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefits-alugbati-9863.html

https://www.academia.edu/4323993/Methanolic_Fruit_Extract_of_Basella_rubra_Organic_Stain_for_H
ematologic_Blood_Smear

http://foodrecap.net/health/alugbati-benefits/

http://ctalavera.weebly.com/benefits.html

Review of Related Studies

http://www.allaboutdiabetes.net/alugbati-for-diabetes/

http://jndolivera.blogspot.com/

http://my-maricarswtmine.blogspot.com/2009/01/feasibility-of-alugbatibasilia-rubra.html

http://glorexeinstein.blogspot.com/2008/05/feasibility-of-utilizing-basella-rubra.html

http://kathrinaluego.blogspot.com/

http://diseases-of-life.blogspot.com/2011/02/malabar-night-shade-or-alugbati-for.html
\