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III. Applications of Solution Thermodynamics: H H X H X H

This document discusses applications of solution thermodynamics, specifically focusing on property changes during mixing processes and heat effects of mixing. It defines heat of mixing as the enthalpy change when pure species are mixed at constant temperature and pressure to form a solution. Heat of mixing data is available for some binary systems and can be calculated for other temperatures if heat capacity data is known. Heat of mixing is similar to heat of reaction in that both involve energy changes due to rearrangement of molecular interactions, though heat of mixing effects are generally smaller. The document also defines heat of solution as the enthalpy change when a substance dissolves in a solvent, resulting from breaking and forming of bonds between solute and solvent molecules.

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55 views3 pages

III. Applications of Solution Thermodynamics: H H X H X H

This document discusses applications of solution thermodynamics, specifically focusing on property changes during mixing processes and heat effects of mixing. It defines heat of mixing as the enthalpy change when pure species are mixed at constant temperature and pressure to form a solution. Heat of mixing data is available for some binary systems and can be calculated for other temperatures if heat capacity data is known. Heat of mixing is similar to heat of reaction in that both involve energy changes due to rearrangement of molecular interactions, though heat of mixing effects are generally smaller. The document also defines heat of solution as the enthalpy change when a substance dissolves in a solvent, resulting from breaking and forming of bonds between solute and solvent molecules.

Uploaded by

jeje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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III.

Applications of Solution Thermodynamics

A. Property Changes of Mixing

Everything in nature is virtually a mixture. Mixtures are much more complex than

pure fluids. For us to understand, let us define a mixing process which happens at

constant temperature and pressure. We will know what will happen when we mix two or

more pure fluids at constant T and P by knowing the important principles of solution

thermodynamics. Understanding a constant P mixing process is easy. We can just mix

the components in an open vessel at ambient pressure. On the other hand, constant

temperature is more difficult. Most mixing processes are either endothermic or

exothermic. Therefore, to make a mixing process isothermal you need to add or remove

heat as the mixing proceeds.

B. Heat Effects of Mixing Processes

B.1. Heat of Mixing

Heat of mixing is defined by the equation;

H H xi H i (1)
i

It gives the enthalpy when pure species are mixed at constant T and P to form one

mole or a unit mass of solution. Data are most commonly available for binary systems for

which Eq. (1) solved for H becomes:

H x1 H1 x2 H 2 H (2)
Eq. (2) provides calculation of enthalpies of binary mixtures from the given enthalpy

data of pure species 1 and 2 and from the heats of mixing. However, it is restricted to

binary systems.

Heat of mixing data is available for a very limited number of temperatures. However,

if the heat capacities of the pure species and mixtures are known, heat of mixing for other

temperatures can be calculated similar to that of standard heat of reaction at elevated

temperatures from the value at 25C.

Heat of mixing is similar with heat of reaction in many ways. When chemical reaction

occurs, the energy of the products is different with that of the energy of the reactants at a

given same T and P due to the rearrangement of constituent atoms. When a mixture is

formed, an energy change similar with that of the chemical reaction occurs due to the

reason that interactions between the force fields of like and unlike molecules are not the

same. The energy change is generally smaller than those associated with chemical bonds.

This means that heats of mixing is generally smaller than heats of reactions.

B.2. Heat of Solution

The enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of dissolution, or heat of solution is

the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant

pressure resulting in infinite dilution.

The enthalpy of solution is most often expressed in kJ/mol at constant temperature. The

energy change can be regarded as being made of three parts, the endothermic breaking of

bonds within the solute and within the solvent, and the formation of attractions between the

solute and the solvent. An ideal solution has a null enthalpy of mixing. For a non-ideal

solution it is an excess molar quantity.

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