DUBAI TOWERS AT THE LAGOON
Architect : TVS, Engineer : CDCi
SITE PLAN
Tower29
Tower29 TOWER-01
HEIGHT
360 m
BUILT-UP AREA
120,000 sq. m
TOWER-20 410 m 140,000 sq. m
TOWER-21 460 m 160,000 sq. m
TOWER-29 550 m 210,000 sq. m
PLAN LAYOUT
ATRIUMS
FAADE DETAIL
TOWER SPIRE
GROUND LEVEL VIEW
Height Built-up Area
Tower-01 550 m 120,000 sq. m
Tower 20 140,000 sq. m
Tower 21 160,000 sq. m
Tower 29 360 m 210,000 sq. m
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Scale, Height
Iconic Form: Twisting and Plan Morphing
Location: DUBAI
Grouping
Constructability
STRUCTURE OBJECTIVE
Preserve the Architectural Vision
Maintain the Structural Integrity
PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
Dynamic Impact of Wind: Wind-Tunnel, Simulation, etc.
Human response/ comfort
Load Path: impact of geometry
Progressive Collapse analysis (redundancy)
Differential shortening: Composite Materials, Temperature, etc.
Construction Sequencing
Connectivity with Exterior
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE SYSTEM
Exterior Twisted Braced Tube
Core RC Shear Wall
Out- riggers/ Belt Trusses
Typical Composite Floor
LOAD PATH : IMPACT OF GEOMETRY
Progressive Collapse analysis (redundancy):
Interaction between vertical and horizontal loadings
Appreciable movement both horizontally and downwards
Strategy to ensure stability and stiffness
WIND FLOW AROUND A TALL BUILDING
OVERALL LOADING & DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Cross-wind vibrations are usually greater than along-wind
vibrations for buildings of heights greater than 100m (330 feet)
cross wind
along wind
CROSS WIND CONCERNS
- Accelerations beyond acceptable human tolerance
- Excessive Bending moments and shear forces
TORSIONAL LOADING AND RESPONSE
Two mechanisms :
Applied moments from aerodynamic forces produced by non-uniform
pressure distributions or non-symmetric cross-sections
Structural eccentricity between elastic center and geometric center
INTERFERENCE EFFECTS
Surrounding buildings can produce increases or decreases in peak wind loads :
Building A
Y
increases 4b
increases
Wind direction
V (X,Y) 3b
+30%
0% +10% 2b
+20% +10% -20% +20%
0% b
-10%
X
b
10b 8b 6b 4b 2b -2b
Building B
decreases
Shows percentage change in peak cross-wind response of building B, due to a
similar building A at position (X,Y)
AUXILIARY DAMPING
Visco-elastic Damper
used on World Trade Center buildings, New York
F/2 F/2
Steel flange
V.E. material
Centreplate
F
AUXILIARY DAMPING
Tuned-mass Damper
used on City Corp Building, New York (M2=400 ton of concrete)
y 1 (t) y 2 (t)
K1
K2
C1
M1 C2
M2
AUXILIARY DAMPING
Tuned-liquid (sloshing) Damper
used on Shin-Yokohama hotel, Japan
2R
SHAPING BUILDINGS TO REDUCE AERODYNAMIC EXCITATION & RESPONSE
Determination of cross-wind response
Controlling the cross-wind force spectrum
PARAMETRIC STUDY
Tapering
Softening the edge in plan
Porosity
Twisting
Plan Morphing
FORM GENERATION PROCESS
1. Morph 2. Taper 3. Twist
MODEL MAKING
PHYSICAL MODELS
a. Structural Sketch b. Structural Model c. Architectural Model
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
TWISTDOUBLE SPIRAL BRACETAPEREDECCENTRIC TWIST-REVERSING
Displacements Displacements : DL+LL Displacements : WLX WholeDisplacements : Whole
Brace diagram Displacements :: DL+LL
DL+LL Displacements : DL+LL Displacements : WLX
Fx : DL+LL Fx : 1 DL+LL Fx : WLX
Fx : WLX Fx : Whole
Whole Structure Fx : DL+LL Fx : DL+LL
AXIAL FORCES IN STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Due To Gravity Load Due to Wind Load
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR UNDER GRAVITY LOADS
Axial Forces Bending Moments
ELEMENTS OF THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
OUTRIGGERS FLOORS 38-42
PRELIMINARY SECTION PROPERTIES
SHEAR WALL THICKNESS AND CONFIGURATION
BUILDING SECTION AND STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
INTERIOR COLUMNS
SUMMARY OF TYPICAL STATIC LOADS
STATIC WIND LOADING DIAGRAM
PRELIMINARY DRIFT RATIO ANALYSIS
Shear Wall Alone Exterior Frame Only
PRELIMINARY DRIFT RATIO ANALYSIS
Shear Wall + Exterior Frame Shear Wall + Exterior Frame + Outriggers
TIP DEFLECTION AND DRIFT RATIO
Def = 0.60 Def = 0.56
Drift ratio = 733 @ Level 100 Drift ratio = 786 @ Level 100
Wind X Wind Y
EFFECTS OF TWIST ON SLAB DUE TO SHEAR STRESSES
Plan 3D View
EFFECTS OF TWIST ON SLAB DUE TO SHEAR STRESSES
Shear Forces at Slabs
AXIAL FORCES DUE TO DEAD LOADS
Shear Wall Exterior Frame
compression tension
SUPPORT REACTIONS AT GROUND LEVEL
AXIAL FORCES DUE TO WIND X
Shear Wall Exterior Frame
compression tension
AXIAL FORCES DUE TO WIND Y
Shear Wall Exterior Frame
compression tension
AXIAL FORCES @ BASE DUE TO DEAD LOAD (KN/mm)
AXIAL FORCES @ BASE DUE TO DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD (KN/mm)
AXIAL FORCES @ BASE DUE TO DEAD LOAD + WIND LOAD (KN/mm)
AXIAL FORCES DUE TO STRUCTURAL OWN WEIGHT (KN/mm)
Shear Wall Exterior Frame
AXIAL FORCES DUE TO TOTAL DEAD LOAD (KN/mm)
Shear Wall Exterior Frame
AXIAL FORCES DUE TO TOTAL DEAD + LIVE LOAD (KN/mm)
Shear Wall Exterior Frame
AXIAL FORCES @ BASE OF EXTERIOR FRAME
Due To Dead Load Due to Wind Load
BENDING MOMENTS @ BASE OF EXTERIOR FRAME
Due To Dead Load Due to Wind Load
SUPPORT REACTIONS
SUPPORT REACTIONS
SUPPORT REACTIONS
HORIZONTAL REACTION COMPONENTS @ BASE
CONCEPTUAL LOAD TRANSFER FROM TOWER TO GROUND
1.2-1.6m
bedrock
bedrock
