INDEX

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Abstract
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Material Properties of Sandwich Structure 2
1.2 Core Material 3
1.3 Face Materials 4
1.4 Design Considerations 5
1.5 Application Areas of Sandwich Structure 6
1.6 Present Considerations 6
1.7 Objectives of the Present Research Work 6
1.8 Assumptions of Sandwich Beam Model 7
1.9 Methodology 8
2. Literature Review 9
3. Mathematical Modelling 15
3.1 Assumptions of sandwich beam models 15
3.2 Displacement Field 15
3.2.1 Strain Displacement Relation 19
3.2.2 Strain Energy 20
3.2.3 Kinetic Energy 20
3.2.4 Finite Element Formulation 21
3.2.5 Equation of Motion 22
4. Finite Element Modelling 25
4.1 Fundamental Concept of FEM 25
4.2 Types of Analysis done By FEM 27
4.2.1 Modal Analysis 27
4.3 Assumptions For FEA 28
4.4 Procedure for ANSYS Analysis 29
4.5 ANSYS Modelling and Results for Sandwich Beam 34
(4.5 mm Thickness)
4.5.1 For Aluminium as Face Layer & for 34
Simply Supported Condition
4.5.2 For Cantilever Condition 36
 4.5.3 For Mild Steel as Face Layer & for 37
Simply Supported Condition
4.5.4 For Cantilever Condition 39
5. Experimental Analysis 42
5.1 Plan of Instrumentation 42
5.1.1 Impact hammer 42
5.1.2 FFT analyzer 43
5.1.3 Display Unit for FFT Analyzer 43
5.2 Preparation of Sandwich Beam specimens 43
5.3 Procedure for conducting the experiment 45
5.4 Some Important Snaps of Project work 45
5.5 Results of Experimental work for Impact hammer test 47
5.5.1 For Aluminium as Face Layer & for 47
Simply Supported Condition
5.5.2 For Cantilever Condition 48
5.5.3 For Mild Steel as Face Layer & for 49
Simply Supported Condition
5.5.4 For Cantilever Condition 50
6. Results 52
6.1 Comparison of Results of ANSYS and Impact
Hammer test for Sandwich Beam with Al as Face Layer 52
6.2 Comparison of Results of ANSYS and Impact
Hammer test for Sandwich Beam with Al as Face Layer 53
6.3 Overall Comparison graph between Viscoelastic Sandwich 54
Beam with rubber & Neoprene as Core Material
for Ansys result.
6.4 Overall Comparison graph between Viscoelastic Sandwich 56
Beam with rubber & Neoprene as Core Material
for Experimental result.

7. Conclusion 59
8. Referances 60
9. Scope 61
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. PAGE NO.

1.1 Sandwich Beam Model 2

1.2 Sandwich Beam Model 7

3.1 Sandwich Beam Model 15

3.2 Local coordinates of sandwich beam model 16

3.3 Two-node sandwich beam element with displacement field 21

4.1 Meshing Of Plate 31

4.2 Extra Features for Nodes 32

4.3 Mode Shapes of Al-Ru-Al Beam 34

4.4 Mode Shapes of Al-Ne-Al Beam 35

4.5 Mode Shapes of Al-Ru-Al Beam in Cantilever Condition 36

4.6 Mode Shapes of Al-Ne-Al Beam in Cantilever Condition 37

4.7 Mode Shapes of St-Ru-St Beam in Simply Supported Condition 37

4.8 Mode Shapes of St-Ne-St Beam in Simply Supported Condition 38

4.9 Mode Shapes of St-Ru-St Beam in Cantilever Condition 39

4.10 Mode Shapes of St-Ne-St Beam in Cantilever Condition 40

5.1 Schematic Diagram of Experimental Setup 42

5.2 Impact hammer 44

5.3 FFT Analyzer 43

5.4 Frequency Response curve for Al-Ru-Al Beam in simply supported

Condition 47

5.5 Frequency Response curve for Al-Ne-Al Beam in simply supported

Condition 48

5.6 Frequency Response curve for Al-Ru-Al Beam in cantilever condition 48

5.7 Frequency Response curve for Al-Ne-Al Beam in cantilever condition 49

5.8 Frequency Response curve for St-Ru-St Beam in simply supported

Condition 49
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. PAGE NO.

5.9 Frequency Response curve for St-Ne-St Beam in simply supported

Condition 50

5.10 Frequency Response curve for St-Ru-St Beam in cantilever condition 51

5.11 Frequency Response curve for St-Ne-St Beam in cantilever condition 51

6.1 Comparison graph of Ansys results between Al-Ru-Al and Al-Ne-Al

Beam in Simply supported condition for Natural Frequency 54

6.2 Comparison graph of Ansys results between Al-Ru-Al and Al-Ne-Al

Beam in Cantilever condition for Natural Frequency 54

6.3 Comparison graph of Ansys results between St-Ru-St and St-Ne-St

Beam in Simply supported condition for Natural Frequency 55

6.4 Comparison graph of Ansys results between St-Ru-St and St-Ne-St

Beam in Cantilever condition for Natural Frequency 55

6.5 Comparison graph of Experimental results between Al-Ru-Al and

Al-Ne-Al Beam in Simply supported condition for Natural Frequency 56

6.6 Comparison graph of Experimental results between Al-Ru-Al and

Al-Ne-Al Beam in Cantilever condition for Natural Frequency 56

6.7 Comparison graph of Experimental results between St-Ru-St and St-Ne-St

Beam in Simply supported condition for Natural Frequency 57

6.8 Comparison graph of Experimental results between St-Ru-St and St-Ne-St

Beam in Cantilever condition for Natural Frequency 57

 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. PAGE NO.

4.1 The Brief description of the steps followed in each phase 30

4.2 Result for Al-Ru-Al (4.5mm) Sandwich Beam 36

for cantilever condition
4.3 Result for St-Ru-St (4.5mm) Sandwich Beam 38
for Simply Supported Condition
4.4 Result for St-Ne-St (4.5mm) Sandwich Beam 39
for Simply Supported Condition
4.5 Result for St-Ru-St (4.5mm) Sandwich Beam for Cantilever 40
4.6 Result for St-Ne-St (4.5mm) Sandwich Beam for Cantilever 41
5.1: Specification of Beam 44
5.2: Material properties of sandwich beam for face and core layers 44
5.3 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for Al-Ru-Al beam in
Simply Supported Condition 47
5.4 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for Al-Ne-Al beam in
Simply Supported Condition 47
5.5 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for Al-Ru-Al beam in
Cantilever Condition 48
5.6 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for Al-Ne-Al beam in
Cantilever Condition. 49
5.7 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for St-Ru-St beam in
Simply Supported Condition 49
5.8 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for St-Ne-St beam in
Simply Supported Condition 50
5.9 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for St-Ru-St beam in
Cantilever Condition 50
5.10 Reading of Impact Hammer Test for St-Ne-St beam in
Cantilever Condition 51
6.1 Natural frequencies of Aluminium-Rubber-Aluminium 52
sandwich beam
6.2 Natural frequencies of Aluminium-Neoprene-Aluminium 52
sandwich beam
6.3 Natural frequencies of Steel-Rubber-Steel sandwich beam 53
6.4 Natural frequencies of Steel-Neoprene-Steel sandwich beam 53