BASIC COUNTING PRINCIPLES
Examples:
1. Out of forty students, 14 are taking English Composition and 29 are taking Chemistry. If five students are in both
classes
a. how many students are in neither class?
b. How many are in either class?
c. How many are taking chemistry class only
2. Consider an experiment of tossing a pair of dice. Let the outcome be represented by an ordered pair, where the
first component is the number on the first die and the second component is the number on the other die. List
the following
a. The sample space S
b. The event A that has number 3 that comes up on either die
c. The event B that the sum of two numbers is less than 8
d. The event C that the two numbers is the same
e. The event
f. The event
g. Construct a Venn diagram representing the unions, intersections and complents of the events A, B, and C
3. A die is rolled 4 times and a coin is tossed twice. Find how many outcomes are there in the sample space.
4. In how many ways can 8 different albums be arranged?
5. A child has 12 blocks of which 6 are black, 4 are red, 1 is white, and 1 is blue. If the child puts the blocks in a line,
how many arrangements are possible?
6. In how many different letter arrangements can be made from the letters MATHEMATICS?
7. If there are 35 songs and you want to make a CD with 17 songs, in how many different ways can you arrange
them?
8. Ten people have gathered at a party. Find the number of handshakes then, when each person shakes hand with
everyone else?
9. If repetition is not permitted, how many three-digit numbers can be formed from the six digits 0,2,3,5,6, and 7
a. No other restriction
b. How many are less than 400
c. How many are even?
d. How many are multiples of 5
10. Sixteen college graduates, of whom 5 are women, have applied for six vacancies. In how many ways the
company hire six personnel if
a. There are no other restrictions
b. The company decided to hire two women
11. In Marcs CD collection, he has 12 CDs by band and 8 by solo artist. Find how many ways can he select 4 CDs if
a. There are no other restriction
b. He wants 2 CDs by band and 2 by solo artist
12. In how many ways can the word ACTIVE be arranged if
a. C and E must always be together
b. If C and E must not be together
13. In how many ways can 3 Mathematics, 2 Physics, and 5 English books be arranged if books of the same kind
must always be kept together?
14. A committee of 5 is to be selected from 8 seniors, 6 juniors, and 4 sophomores. In how many ways can you
select
a. No restriction
b. 2 seniors, 2 juniors, and 1 sophomore
c. No seniors
d. At least 1 senior
e. At most 3 juniors
f. Greater than 3 sophomores
g. Less than 2 seniors